Sem 1 : Mock

Based on the given information, Puan M frequently cries and has terrifying dreams about her husband's death. This has been happening for two months. These symptoms suggest that she is experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a mental health condition that occurs after a person has been through a traumatic event, such as the death of a loved one. The symptoms include intrusive thoughts, nightmares, and emotional distress related to the traumatic event. In this case, Puan M's symptoms are likely a result of the trauma she experienced from her husband's death.

The specific observation for patients with the Plaster of Paris (POP) application is to assess their neurovascular status. This means that the observation focuses on evaluating the patient's nerve and blood vessel function in the affected area where the plaster has been applied. It is important to monitor the neurovascular status to ensure that there is proper blood circulation and nerve function, as any impairment in these areas can lead to complications and hinder the effectiveness of the treatment.

The patient is experiencing symptoms such as back pain, feeling cold, and difficulty breathing. These symptoms may indicate a transfusion reaction, which is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication. The immediate nursing action should be to stop the blood transfusion immediately to prevent further harm to the patient.

By asking the doctor about their illness, the patient can directly gain knowledge and information about their specific condition. The doctor is a medical professional who has expertise and experience in diagnosing and treating diseases, so they can provide accurate and personalized information to the patient. This direct interaction allows the patient to ask specific questions and clarify any doubts they may have, leading to a better understanding of their illness.

The correct answer is to ensure that the weight is 1 per 10 of the patient's body weight. This is important because Buck's traction is a type of traction used to immobilize and align fractures of the hip. The weight applied helps to keep the bones in the correct position and reduce pain. However, if the weight is too heavy, it can cause further damage or discomfort to the patient. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the weight is appropriate and proportional to the patient's body weight.

The correct answer is "memasukkan urinary catheter tanpa meminta kebenaran pesakit" because it is a violation of the patient's autonomy and right to informed consent. Inserting a urinary catheter without obtaining the patient's permission is considered a breach of medical ethics and can lead to legal liability for the nurse. Patients have the right to be informed about and participate in decisions regarding their own medical care.

The doctor prescribed Syrup Paracetamol 125 mg to the patient. The label on the bottle indicates that it contains 500 mg in 10 mls. To determine the amount to be given to the patient, we can set up a proportion using the given information. Since the prescribed dose is 125 mg, we can set up the proportion as 125 mg is to X mls, as 500 mg is to 10 mls. Solving this proportion, we find that X is equal to 2.5 mls. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.5 mls.

The correct answer is assessment. In the first phase of the nursing process, assessment is crucial as it involves gathering relevant information about the patient's health status, including physical, psychological, and social factors. This step helps to identify the patient's needs, problems, and strengths, which then guides the subsequent phases of planning, implementation, and evaluation.

The purpose of measuring the height of the fundus in a postnatal mother is to assess the stage of uterine involution. This measurement helps determine if the uterus is returning to its pre-pregnancy size and position, which is an important indicator of postpartum recovery. Monitoring the involution of the uterus is crucial in identifying any complications or abnormalities that may arise during the postnatal period.

The correct answer is "mengelakkan tekanan pada lymph node". When someone has lymphadenitis, it means that their lymph nodes are inflamed. By lying on the left side, it helps to relieve pressure on the lymph nodes on the right side of the neck, reducing discomfort and allowing them to heal.

Immobilisasi yang berkesan adalah faktor utama yang mempercepatkan proses penyembuhan tulang bagi pesakit yang mengalami fracture. Immobilisasi yang berkesan merujuk kepada penstabilan tulang yang patah dengan menggunakan alat seperti gips atau penyangga. Dengan mengimobilisasi tulang yang patah, ia membantu mengurangkan gerakan dan tekanan pada tulang yang rosak, membolehkan tulang untuk menyembuh dengan lebih cepat dan baik. Faktor-faktor lain seperti kestabilan emosi, senaman yang aktif, dan pengambilan ubatan yang teratur juga penting dalam proses penyembuhan, tetapi immobilisasi yang berkesan adalah faktor utama yang mempercepatkan proses tersebut.

The importance of continuous education in the field of nursing is to enhance knowledge in line with the advancements in science and technology. This is crucial because the healthcare industry is constantly evolving, and nurses need to stay updated with the latest research, technologies, and best practices to provide the highest quality of care to patients. Continuous education ensures that nurses are equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to adapt to new healthcare challenges and deliver evidence-based care. It also helps nurses to stay competitive in the job market and maintain professional growth throughout their careers.

One of the abnormal behaviors exhibited by patients with bipolar disorder during the manic phase is excessive or excessive self-adornment. This behavior is characterized by an excessive focus on appearance and an excessive desire to be noticed or admired. It may involve wearing extravagant or flashy clothing, excessive use of makeup or accessories, or engaging in excessive grooming or styling behaviors. This behavior is a manifestation of the heightened self-esteem, impulsivity, and grandiosity often experienced during the manic phase of bipolar disorder.

The specific clinical manifestation that may be shown in Hodgkin's Disease is the enlargement of lymph nodes. This is because Hodgkin's Disease is a type of lymphoma that affects the lymphatic system, causing the lymph nodes to become swollen and enlarged. Symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and weight loss may also be present, but the most specific manifestation is the enlargement of lymph nodes.

The correct answer advises the mother to apply warm compress. This can help to reduce the pain and discomfort caused by breast engorgement, as the warmth can help to improve blood flow and promote milk flow.

This statement correctly states that microorganisms grow well in high humidity. Microorganisms thrive in moist environments because water is essential for their metabolic processes and reproduction. High humidity provides the necessary moisture for microorganisms to survive and multiply.

Kanak-kanak yang mengalami G6PD deficiency dinasihatkan supaya tidak memakan kacang parang kerana ia boleh menyebabkan hemolisis. Hemolisis merujuk kepada pemusnahan sel darah merah yang berlebihan, yang boleh menyebabkan anemia dan komplikasi kesihatan lainnya. Dalam kes G6PD deficiency, tubuh tidak dapat menghasilkan jumlah yang mencukupi dari enzim G6PD, yang penting untuk melindungi sel darah merah dari kerusakan oksidatif. Kacang parang mengandungi senyawa tertentu yang dapat memicu kerusakan sel darah merah pada individu dengan G6PD deficiency, oleh itu disarankan untuk dihindari.

The correct answer is "untuk menapis benda asing yang masuk ke dalam respiratory tract" which means "to filter foreign substances entering the respiratory tract". The presence of ciliated columnar epithelium in the nasopharynx helps in trapping and removing foreign particles, such as dust, pollen, and bacteria, from the air before it enters the respiratory system. The cilia move in coordinated motions, creating a current that sweeps the trapped particles towards the throat where they can be swallowed or expelled. This protective mechanism helps to prevent these foreign substances from reaching the lower respiratory tract and causing damage or infection.

The answer "menasihatkan klien supaya jangan mengamalkan pantang larang" is not a valid explanation for the importance of sociology in the field of nursing. This answer suggests that sociology is important in advising clients not to practice taboos, which is not a valid reason for the importance of sociology in nursing. Sociology is important in nursing for reasons such as increasing the level of health, identifying social factors that affect health, and obtaining cooperation from healthcare professionals and the community.

During the first 6 hours of general anesthesia, it is important to monitor the patient's vital signs, assess pain scores regularly, and observe the surgical wound. However, providing clear fluids through the mouth is not recommended during this time as it may increase the risk of aspiration.

The presence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) is a reliable indicator for confirming a hydatidiform mole pregnancy. HCG is a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy. In a normal pregnancy, the levels of HCG increase steadily. However, in the case of a hydatidiform mole, the levels of HCG are typically much higher than in a normal pregnancy. Therefore, the presence of HCG in the urine is a strong indication of a hydatidiform mole pregnancy.

The correct answer is "menentukan bila pesakit akan keluar hospital" because the other options involve activities that can be done during a reassessment. Reassessment can involve providing nursing interventions, making progress reports on the patient, and making reports during a shift exchange. However, determining when a patient will be discharged from the hospital is not typically part of a reassessment process.

An introvert is someone who is quiet and tends to have subjective thinking and a focus on themselves. They prefer solitude and find energy in being alone rather than being in social situations. They may be more reserved and introspective, and may prefer deep conversations and meaningful connections with a few close friends rather than large social gatherings.

The correct answer is "Membantu pergerakan peristalsis" which means "Assisting in the movement of peristalsis." Peristalsis is the muscular contraction and relaxation that helps move food through the digestive system. The muscles in the small intestine contract and relax in a coordinated manner to push food along the digestive tract. Therefore, the function of the muscle layer in the small intestine is to assist in this movement, ensuring proper digestion and absorption of nutrients.

The correct answer is "kekurangan penghasilan sel darah merah di sum-sum tulang" because it is the only option that directly relates to the condition of Puan Liza experiencing pale skin due to a lack of red blood cells. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the production of white blood cells in the bone marrow, which can lead to a decrease in the production of red blood cells. This decrease in red blood cell production can cause anemia, resulting in pale skin.

This question is asking for the clinical manifestations of a fracture, except for one option. Fat embolism is not a clinical manifestation of a fracture. Deformity, immobility, and hematoma are common clinical manifestations of a fracture, but fat embolism is not directly related to the fracture itself. Fat embolism occurs when fat globules enter the bloodstream and can be a complication of long bone fractures, but it is not a direct manifestation of the fracture.

You should check the puncture site of the branula. This is because if the intravenous infusion is not flowing, it could be due to a blockage or dislodgement at the site where the needle is inserted into the vein. By checking the puncture site, you can identify any issues and take appropriate action to ensure the proper flow of the infusion.

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body and play a crucial role in the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and the tissues. Their thin walls allow for efficient diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other substances. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Arterioles are small arteries that regulate blood flow, and venules are small veins that collect blood from capillaries. Therefore, the correct answer is capillaries.

Pendidikan kesihatan yang perlu diberikan kepada pesakit menghidap ankylosing spondylitis adalah untuk mengelakkan mengangkat benda berat. Ankylosing spondylitis adalah penyakit radang sendi kronik yang biasanya mempengaruhi tulang belakang dan sendi panggul. Mengangkat benda berat dapat menyebabkan tekanan dan stres pada sendi yang terkena, yang dapat memperburuk gejala dan menyebabkan kerusakan lebih lanjut pada tulang dan sendi. Oleh karena itu, pesakit dengan ankylosing spondylitis harus diinstruksikan untuk menghindari mengangkat benda berat guna menjaga kesehatan dan mengurangi risiko komplikasi.

The correct answer is Mitochondria because the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, takes place in the mitochondria. This cycle is an important part of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for generating most of the cell's energy through processes like the Krebs cycle.

The correct answer is "Antimicrobial". Antimicrobial refers to substances that are able to inhibit the growth or kill microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In the context of treating burns and scalds, an antimicrobial ointment or cream would be effective in preventing infection and promoting healing by eliminating or reducing the number of harmful microorganisms present in the wound.

The correct answer is ciliary body. The ciliary body is responsible for producing the aqueous humor, which is a clear fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. The ciliary body contains secretory cells that produce and secrete the aqueous humor into these chambers.

Puan Lina mengalami kebakaran di kedua-dua anterior lower limb, dada, dan abdomen. Kaedah Wallaces Rulles of Nine digunakan untuk mengira keluasan kebakaran. Menurut kaedah ini, setiap bahagian badan yang terjejas diberikan peratusan tertentu. Untuk setiap lower limb, diberikan 9% (2 x 9% = 18% untuk kedua-dua lower limb). Dada diberikan 9% dan abdomen diberikan 9%. Jadi, jumlah keluasan kebakaran yang dialami oleh Puan Lina adalah 18% + 9% + 9% = 36%.

The correct answer is "sikap jururawat yang tidak mahu berubah" because it suggests that the nurses' unwillingness to change their attitude or behavior is a barrier to improving the quality of service. This implies that critical thinking is necessary for nurses to identify areas for improvement and make necessary changes. The other options, such as the large number of patients, uncooperative patients, and insufficient number of nurses, may also pose challenges, but they do not directly relate to the nurses' attitude or willingness to change.

The correct answer is Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles. The respiratory pathway starts with the Pharynx, which is the common passage for both air and food. From there, the air travels down to the larynx, which contains the vocal cords. Next, the air enters the trachea, also known as the windpipe, which leads to the bronchi, which are the main air passages in the lungs. Finally, the air reaches the bronchioles, which are smaller airways that branch out from the bronchi and further distribute the air throughout the lungs.

Tension pneumothorax refers to a condition where air enters the pleural space during inspiration but cannot be expelled during expiration. This occurs because there is a one-way valve mechanism that allows air to enter the pleural space but prevents it from escaping. As a result, the trapped air builds up and causes a progressive increase in pressure within the pleural space, leading to lung collapse and compression of the heart and major blood vessels. Tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention to relieve the pressure and restore normal lung function.

The arrector pili muscle is responsible for erecting hair follicles on the skin during cold temperatures. When the muscle contracts, it pulls the hair follicle upright, causing the hair to stand on end. This reaction is commonly known as "goosebumps" and is a physiological response to cold or fear. The contraction of the arrector pili muscle helps to trap a layer of air close to the skin, providing insulation and helping to keep the body warm.

Ligamen adalah struktur yang terbentuk dari jalur tisu tebal berfiber putih yang mengikat tulang satu sama lain. Ligamen membantu menjaga stabilitas sendi dan memungkinkan gerakan yang koordinatif antara tulang.

The main side effect of clozapine (clozaril) in the treatment of schizophrenia is extrapyramidal symptoms. Extrapyramidal symptoms are movement disorders that can occur as a result of taking antipsychotic medications like clozapine. These symptoms can include muscle stiffness, tremors, restlessness, and involuntary movements. It is important to monitor patients taking clozapine for these symptoms and adjust the dosage if necessary to minimize their occurrence.

The correct answer is right atrium. When reading the central venous pressure, the level of the fluid in the manometer should indicate that it is at the level of the right atrium. This is because the central venous pressure is measured by placing a catheter into a large vein, usually the jugular vein, and advancing it until it reaches the right atrium. Therefore, the fluid level in the manometer should be at the same level as the right atrium to accurately measure the central venous pressure.

The correct answer is ventricular depolarization. This is because the QRS complex on an electrocardiogram represents the electrical activity that occurs as the ventricles of the heart depolarize and prepare to contract. Atrial depolarization is represented by the P wave, atrial repolarization is not typically visible on the ECG, and ventricular repolarization is represented by the T wave.

Stratified squamous epithelium is the correct answer because it is the type of tissue that forms the inner lining of the vagina. This type of epithelium is composed of multiple layers of flat cells, which provide protection and resistance to friction in areas that are subject to wear and tear, such as the vaginal canal. The stratified squamous epithelium in the vagina helps to maintain the integrity of the vaginal wall and protects it from potential damage.

Tisu adipos berfungsi mengawal kehilangan haba tubuh. Tisu adipos adalah tisu konektif yang terdiri dari sel-sel lemak yang berfungsi sebagai cadangan energi dan isolasi termal. Tisu adipos membantu mengatur suhu tubuh dengan mengurangi kehilangan panas melalui lapisan lemak di bawah kulit. Selain itu, tisu adipos juga berperan dalam melindungi organ-organ tubuh dan memberikan perlindungan mekanis.

The correct answer is "penghasilan kalogen". Collagen is a protein that is essential for wound healing and tissue repair. Consuming foods high in vitamins can promote the production of collagen, which is necessary for the healing process.

The given options are elements of corporate culture in the Ministry of Health Malaysia. All the options except "perkhidmatan penyayang" are mentioned as elements of corporate culture. Therefore, "perkhidmatan penyayang" is the correct answer as it is not mentioned as an element of corporate culture in the Ministry of Health Malaysia.

Internal respiration refers to the exchange of gases (specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the body's tissues. This process occurs at the cellular level, where oxygen is delivered to the cells and carbon dioxide is removed from them. It is different from external respiration, which involves the exchange of gases between the lungs and the external environment, and pulmonary ventilation, which refers to the movement of air in and out of the lungs during breathing. Expiration, on the other hand, specifically refers to the act of exhaling air from the lungs.

The symptom of alcohol withdrawal that needs to be emphasized by the nurse is seizure. Seizures are a serious complication of alcohol withdrawal and can be life-threatening. They occur due to the sudden cessation of alcohol intake after prolonged heavy drinking. The nurse needs to closely monitor the patient for any signs of seizures and provide appropriate interventions to prevent and manage them effectively.

The primary treatment for patients with cellulitis in the right leg is to administer antibiotics. Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection that commonly affects the lower extremities, and antibiotics are essential to eliminate the infection and prevent its spread. Other measures such as dressing the wound and providing a diet high in vitamins may be supportive, but the administration of antibiotics is crucial in treating the underlying infection.

The correct answer is "membuat memo dan mengedarkannya kepada semua staf wad" because this action demonstrates the practice of downward communication. By creating a memo and distributing it to all the staff in the ward, Ketua Jururawat A is effectively conveying the instructions from Penyelia Jururawat Z to attend the seminar on Sunday. This method ensures that the message is communicated clearly and consistently to all the staff members.

Sodium plays a role in maintaining the pH balance of the blood. The pH of the blood needs to be tightly regulated within a specific range for proper bodily functions. Sodium helps to regulate the acid-base balance in the blood by interacting with other ions, such as bicarbonate, to maintain the pH at a stable level. This is important for various physiological processes, including enzyme activity, cell function, and oxygen transport.