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| By Naa Ali

Naa Ali

Community Contributor

Quizzes Created: 6 | Total Attempts: 36,194

Questions: 76 | Attempts: 6,793 | Updated: Mar 21, 2023

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Questions and Answers

1.

Tisu adipos merupakan salah satu tisu konektif. Pilih pernyataan yang tepat mengenai tisu adipos
- A.
  
  Mengawal kehilangan haba tubuh
- B.
  
  Merupakan tisu konektif dalam bentuk bendalir
- C.
  
  Berfungsi memberi kekuatan perlekatan antara struktur
- D.
  
  Terdapat pada organ yang memerlukan perubahan bentuk
Correct Answer
A. Mengawal kehilangan haba tubuh

Explanation
Tisu adipos berfungsi mengawal kehilangan haba tubuh. Tisu adipos adalah tisu konektif yang terdiri dari sel-sel lemak yang berfungsi sebagai cadangan energi dan isolasi termal. Tisu adipos membantu mengatur suhu tubuh dengan mengurangi kehilangan panas melalui lapisan lemak di bawah kulit. Selain itu, tisu adipos juga berperan dalam melindungi organ-organ tubuh dan memberikan perlindungan mekanis.

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2.

Kitaran kreb adalah reaksi biokimia yang berlaku di dalam
- A.
  
  Nucleus
- B.
  
  Cytoplasm
- C.
  
  Mitochondria
- D.
  
  Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer
C. Mitochondria

Explanation
The correct answer is Mitochondria because the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, takes place in the mitochondria. This cycle is an important part of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for generating most of the cell's energy through processes like the Krebs cycle.

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3.

Struktur ini terbina daripada jalur tisu tebal berfiber putih dan mengikat tulang satu sama lain
- A.
  
  Otot
- B.
  
  Tendon
- C.
  
  Ligamen
- D.
  
  Tisu perantaraan
Correct Answer
C. Ligamen

Explanation
Ligamen adalah struktur yang terbentuk dari jalur tisu tebal berfiber putih yang mengikat tulang satu sama lain. Ligamen membantu menjaga stabilitas sendi dan memungkinkan gerakan yang koordinatif antara tulang.

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4.

Dimanakah cerebrospinal fluid dihasilkan ?
- A.
  
  Choroid plexus
- B.
  
  Cerebral aqueduct
- C.
  
  Subarachnoid space
- D.
  
  Interventricular foramen
Correct Answer
A. Choroid plexus

Explanation
The correct answer is Choroid plexus. The choroid plexus is a network of blood vessels in the ventricles of the brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. It is produced by the choroid plexus through filtration of blood plasma, and then it circulates through the ventricles and the subarachnoid space.

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5.

Susunan yang betul di dalam laluan pernafasan ialah
- A.
  
  Pharynx , trachea , larynx , bronchi , bronchioles
- B.
  
  Larynx, Pharynx , trachea , bronchioles , bronchi
- C.
  
  Pharynx , larynx , trachea, , bronchioles , bronchi
- D.
  
  Pharynx , larynx , tracea, bronchi , bronchioles
Correct Answer
D. Pharynx , larynx , tracea, bronchi , bronchioles

Explanation
The correct answer is Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles. The respiratory pathway starts with the Pharynx, which is the common passage for both air and food. From there, the air travels down to the larynx, which contains the vocal cords. Next, the air enters the trachea, also known as the windpipe, which leads to the bronchi, which are the main air passages in the lungs. Finally, the air reaches the bronchioles, which are smaller airways that branch out from the bronchi and further distribute the air throughout the lungs.

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6.

Fungsi lapisan otot di small intestine adalah untuk
- A.
  
  Menghasilkan mucus
- B.
  
  Mempercepatkan penyerapan
- C.
  
  Membantu pergerakan peristalsis
- D.
  
  Melengkapkan metabolisme karbohidrat
Correct Answer
C. Membantu pergerakan peristalsis

Explanation
The correct answer is "Membantu pergerakan peristalsis" which means "Assisting in the movement of peristalsis." Peristalsis is the muscular contraction and relaxation that helps move food through the digestive system. The muscles in the small intestine contract and relax in a coordinated manner to push food along the digestive tract. Therefore, the function of the muscle layer in the small intestine is to assist in this movement, ensuring proper digestion and absorption of nutrients.

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7.

Saraf ini membawa impulse dari otot ke otot.
- A.
  
  Saraf optik
- B.
  
  Saraf vagus
- C.
  
  Saraf eferen
- D.
  
  Saraf trigeminal
Correct Answer
C. Saraf eferen

Explanation
The correct answer is "Saraf eferen." Saraf eferen refers to the efferent nerve, which carries impulses from the muscle to the muscle. This means that it is responsible for transmitting signals from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles, allowing for voluntary movement and control. The other options mentioned, such as the optic nerve, vagus nerve, and trigeminal nerve, do not specifically pertain to carrying impulses from muscle to muscle.

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8.

Insulin dirembeskan oleh pankreas selepas pengambilan makanan adalah untuk
- A.
  
  Meningkatkan kepekatan glukosa darah
- B.
  
  Mengurangkan kepekatan glukosa darah
- C.
  
  Meningkatkan pengeluaran glukosa daripada glikogen
- D.
  
  Mengurangkan ketelapan membran sel kepada glukosa
Correct Answer
B. Mengurangkan kepekatan glukosa darah

Explanation
Insulin dirembeskan oleh pankreas selepas pengambilan makanan adalah untuk mengurangkan kepekatan glukosa darah. Insulin berfungsi dengan mengaktifkan pengangkutan glukosa ke dalam sel-sel tubuh, terutama sel-sel otot dan lemak, dan menggalakkan penyimpanan glukosa sebagai glikogen di hati dan otot. Dengan mengurangkan kepekatan glukosa darah, insulin membantu mengekalkan tahap glukosa darah yang normal dan mengelakkan hiperglisemia.

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9.

Pertukaran gas antara darah dalam kapilari sistemik dan sel-sel tisu dipanggil
- A.
  
  Expiration
- B.
  
  Internal respiration
- C.
  
  External respiration
- D.
  
  Pulmonary ventilation
Correct Answer
B. Internal respiration

Explanation
Internal respiration refers to the exchange of gases (specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the body's tissues. This process occurs at the cellular level, where oxygen is delivered to the cells and carbon dioxide is removed from them. It is different from external respiration, which involves the exchange of gases between the lungs and the external environment, and pulmonary ventilation, which refers to the movement of air in and out of the lungs during breathing. Expiration, on the other hand, specifically refers to the act of exhaling air from the lungs.

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10.

Pertukaran nutrien dan gas antara darah dan tisu adalah berlaku di
- A.
  
  Arteries
- B.
  
  Venules
- C.
  
  Arterioles
- D.
  
  Capillaries
Correct Answer
D. Capillaries

Explanation
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body and play a crucial role in the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and the tissues. Their thin walls allow for efficient diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other substances. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Arterioles are small arteries that regulate blood flow, and venules are small veins that collect blood from capillaries. Therefore, the correct answer is capillaries.

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11.

Semua hormon berikut dirembeskan oleh kelenjar anterior pituitari kecuali
- A.
  
  Oxytocin
- B.
  
  Prolactin
- C.
  
  Human growth hormone
- D.
  
  Follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer
A. Oxytocin

Explanation
Oxytocin is not secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Oxytocin is actually produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It is responsible for stimulating contractions during childbirth and also plays a role in milk production and bonding between individuals. The other hormones listed (prolactin, human growth hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone) are all secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

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12.

Penyerapan semula kalium dan asid amino dari renal tubules adalah melalui proses
- A.
  
  Diffusion
- B.
  
  Osmosis
- C.
  
  Filtration
- D.
  
  Active transportation
Correct Answer
C. Filtration

Explanation
Penyerapan semula kalium dan asid amino dari renal tubules adalah melalui proses filtrasi. Filtrasi adalah proses di mana zat-zat terlarut seperti kalium dan asam amino dipisahkan dari darah dan masuk ke dalam renal tubules melalui tekanan darah yang tinggi. Proses ini memungkinkan tubulus ginjal untuk menghilangkan zat-zat yang tidak diinginkan dan mempertahankan zat-zat yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh.

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13.

Apakah jenis tisu epithelium yang membentuk lapisan dalam vagina?
- A.
  
  Ciliated
- B.
  
  Columnar
- C.
  
  Transitional
- D.
  
  Stratified squamous
Correct Answer
D. Stratified squamous

Explanation
Stratified squamous epithelium is the correct answer because it is the type of tissue that forms the inner lining of the vagina. This type of epithelium is composed of multiple layers of flat cells, which provide protection and resistance to friction in areas that are subject to wear and tear, such as the vaginal canal. The stratified squamous epithelium in the vagina helps to maintain the integrity of the vaginal wall and protects it from potential damage.

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14.

Struktur di kulit yang menegakkan bulu roma semasa sejuk ialah
- A.
  
  Hair bulb
- B.
  
  Areolar tissue
- C.
  
  Cutaneous nerve
- D.
  
  Arrector pili muscle
Correct Answer
D. Arrector pili muscle

Explanation
The arrector pili muscle is responsible for erecting hair follicles on the skin during cold temperatures. When the muscle contracts, it pulls the hair follicle upright, causing the hair to stand on end. This reaction is commonly known as "goosebumps" and is a physiological response to cold or fear. The contraction of the arrector pili muscle helps to trap a layer of air close to the skin, providing insulation and helping to keep the body warm.

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15.

Aqueous humour di ruang anterior dan posterior chamber di hasilkan oleh cell secretory yang terdapat di
- A.
  
  Iris
- B.
  
  Retina
- C.
  
  Choroids
- D.
  
  Ciliary body
Correct Answer
D. Ciliary body

Explanation
The correct answer is ciliary body. The ciliary body is responsible for producing the aqueous humor, which is a clear fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. The ciliary body contains secretory cells that produce and secrete the aqueous humor into these chambers.

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16.

Dinding nasopharynx dilapisi oleh ciliated columnar epithelium adalah bertujuan untuk
- A.
  
  Mengeluarkan antibodi
- B.
  
  Menghasilkan mukus-mukus
- C.
  
  Menyuamkan udara yang masuk
- D.
  
  Untuk menapis benda asing yang masuk ke dalam respiratory tract
Correct Answer
D. Untuk menapis benda asing yang masuk ke dalam respiratory tract

Explanation
The correct answer is "untuk menapis benda asing yang masuk ke dalam respiratory tract" which means "to filter foreign substances entering the respiratory tract". The presence of ciliated columnar epithelium in the nasopharynx helps in trapping and removing foreign particles, such as dust, pollen, and bacteria, from the air before it enters the respiratory system. The cilia move in coordinated motions, creating a current that sweeps the trapped particles towards the throat where they can be swallowed or expelled. This protective mechanism helps to prevent these foreign substances from reaching the lower respiratory tract and causing damage or infection.

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17.

Kenyataan yang manakah benar mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan mikroorganisma?
- A.
  
  Mikrob akan mati pada suhu yang terlalu rendah
- B.
  
  Mikrob membiak dengan baik pada medium yang berasid
- C.
  
  Mikrob bertumbuh dengan baik pada kadar kelembapan yang tinggi
- D.
  
  Mikrob yang memerlukan oksigen untuk pertumbuhan dikenali sebagai anaerob
Correct Answer
C. Mikrob bertumbuh dengan baik pada kadar kelembapan yang tinggi

Explanation
This statement correctly states that microorganisms grow well in high humidity. Microorganisms thrive in moist environments because water is essential for their metabolic processes and reproduction. High humidity provides the necessary moisture for microorganisms to survive and multiply.

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18.

Penjagaan perawatan pesakit dibawah general anesthesia pada 6 jam pertama adalah seperti berikut kecuali
- A.
  
  Ases pain score setiap jam
- B.
  
  Beri cecair jernih melalui mulut
- C.
  
  Lakukan pemerhatian tanda vital setiap jam
- D.
  
  Lakukan pemerhatian ke atas luka setiap jam
Correct Answer
B. Beri cecair jernih melalui mulut

Explanation
During the first 6 hours of general anesthesia, it is important to monitor the patient's vital signs, assess pain scores regularly, and observe the surgical wound. However, providing clear fluids through the mouth is not recommended during this time as it may increase the risk of aspiration.

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19.

Berikut adalah elemen-elemen dalam budaya korporat Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia kecuali
- A.
  
  Profesionalisme
- B.
  
  Sedia membantu
- C.
  
  Kerja berpasukan
- D.
  
  Perkhidmatan penyayang
Correct Answer
D. Perkhidmatan penyayang

Explanation
The given options are elements of corporate culture in the Ministry of Health Malaysia. All the options except "perkhidmatan penyayang" are mentioned as elements of corporate culture. Therefore, "perkhidmatan penyayang" is the correct answer as it is not mentioned as an element of corporate culture in the Ministry of Health Malaysia.

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20.

Ketua Jururawat A mendapat arahan daripada Penyelia Jururawat Z supaya mengarahkan semua staf Wad tingkat 5 untuk menghadiri seminar di hospital pada hari minggu. Tindakan Ketua Jururawat A yang menunjukkan beliau mengamalkan komunikasi arah ke bawah ialah
- A.
  
  Membuat memo dan mengedarkannya kepada semua staf wad
- B.
  
  Meminta semua staf wad berjumpa secara personal dengan beliau
- C.
  
  Mengatur jadual shif staf supaya mereka dapat menghadiri seminar
- D.
  
  Menetapkan tindakan tatatertib yang akan diambil jika staf tidak hadir seminar
Correct Answer
A. Membuat memo dan mengedarkannya kepada semua staf wad

Explanation
The correct answer is "membuat memo dan mengedarkannya kepada semua staf wad" because this action demonstrates the practice of downward communication. By creating a memo and distributing it to all the staff in the ward, Ketua Jururawat A is effectively conveying the instructions from Penyelia Jururawat Z to attend the seminar on Sunday. This method ensures that the message is communicated clearly and consistently to all the staff members.

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21.

Bagi komunikasi dua hala, seseorang pesakit boleh meningkatkan pengetahuannya tentang penyakit dengan cara
- A.
  
  Bertanya kepada doktor tentang penyakitnya
- B.
  
  Membaca risalah yang berkaitan dengan penyakitnya
- C.
  
  Menonton rancangan televisyen berkaitan penyakitnya
- D.
  
  Mendapatkan maklumat tentang penyakitnya dari internet
Correct Answer
A. Bertanya kepada doktor tentang penyakitnya

Explanation
By asking the doctor about their illness, the patient can directly gain knowledge and information about their specific condition. The doctor is a medical professional who has expertise and experience in diagnosing and treating diseases, so they can provide accurate and personalized information to the patient. This direct interaction allows the patient to ask specific questions and clarify any doubts they may have, leading to a better understanding of their illness.

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22.

Doktor mengarahkan pemberian Syrup Paracetamol 125 mg. Label di botol 500 mg dalam 10 mls. Berapa mls yang perlu diberi kepada pesakit?
- A.
  
  2.5 mls
- B.
  
  3.5 mls
- C.
  
  4.5 mls
- D.
  
  5.5 mls
Correct Answer
A. 2.5 mls

Explanation
The doctor prescribed Syrup Paracetamol 125 mg to the patient. The label on the bottle indicates that it contains 500 mg in 10 mls. To determine the amount to be given to the patient, we can set up a proportion using the given information. Since the prescribed dose is 125 mg, we can set up the proportion as 125 mg is to X mls, as 500 mg is to 10 mls. Solving this proportion, we find that X is equal to 2.5 mls. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.5 mls.

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23.

Sumber ubatan sintetik digunakan secara meluas kerana ia
- A.
  
  Mempunyai kesan yang berpanjangan
- B.
  
  Mempunyai kesan yang hampir sama dengan sumber semulajadi
- C.
  
  Boleh bertindak dengan asid dan mampu larut di dalam cecair badan
- D.
  
  Meningkatkan keberkesanan dalam menentang organisma yang berbeza
Correct Answer
C. Boleh bertindak dengan asid dan mampu larut di dalam cecair badan

Explanation
Synthetic drugs are widely used because they can act with acids and dissolve in bodily fluids. This property allows them to be more effective in combating different organisms.

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24.

Personaliti seorang yang pendiam dan mempunyai pemikiran yang subjektif serta minat pada diri sendiri dikenali sebagai
- A.
  
  Introvert
- B.
  
  Extrovert
- C.
  
  Flegmatik
- D.
  
  Melankolik
Correct Answer
A. Introvert

Explanation
An introvert is someone who is quiet and tends to have subjective thinking and a focus on themselves. They prefer solitude and find energy in being alone rather than being in social situations. They may be more reserved and introspective, and may prefer deep conversations and meaningful connections with a few close friends rather than large social gatherings.

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25.

Penggunaan kaedah represi dalam mekanisma bela diri membawa maksud
- A.
  
  Punca masalah dilupakan
- B.
  
  Melepaskan tekanan kepada benda lain
- C.
  
  Mengurang punca stress secara rasional
- D.
  
  Menghadapi tekanan dengan cara menangis
Correct Answer
A. Punca masalah dilupakan

Explanation
The correct answer suggests that the use of the repression method in self-defense mechanisms means forgetting the causes of problems. This implies that when faced with stressful situations or conflicts, individuals may choose to repress or suppress their emotions and thoughts associated with the problem, in order to avoid dealing with the underlying issues. By forgetting the causes of the problems, individuals may temporarily alleviate their stress or anxiety, although this approach may not be a healthy or effective long-term solution.

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26.

Istilah bagi peraturan yang berkaitan dengan amalan tingkahlaku harian masyarakat dikenali sebagai
- A.
  
  Nilai
- B.
  
  Sikap
- C.
  
  Folkways
- D.
  
  Pantang larang.
Correct Answer
B. Sikap

Explanation
The term for the rules that relate to the daily behavior of society is known as "sikap" or attitude. Attitudes are the beliefs and opinions that individuals hold about certain behaviors or actions. These attitudes guide people's behavior and determine how they interact with others in society. Therefore, the correct answer is "sikap."

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27.

Berikut adalah kepentingan sosiologi dalam bidang kejururawatan kecuali
- A.
  
  Meningkatkan tahap kesihatan
- B.
  
  Mengenalpasti faktor sosial yang menjejaskan kesihatan
- C.
  
  Mendapatkan kerjasama dari anggota kesihatan dan masyarakat
- D.
  
  Menasihatkan klien supaya jangan mengamalkan pantang larang
Correct Answer
D. Menasihatkan klien supaya jangan mengamalkan pantang larang

Explanation
The answer "menasihatkan klien supaya jangan mengamalkan pantang larang" is not a valid explanation for the importance of sociology in the field of nursing. This answer suggests that sociology is important in advising clients not to practice taboos, which is not a valid reason for the importance of sociology in nursing. Sociology is important in nursing for reasons such as increasing the level of health, identifying social factors that affect health, and obtaining cooperation from healthcare professionals and the community.

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28.

Proses penyembuhan bagi pesakit yang mengalami fracture mengambil masa yang lama. Apakah faktor utama yang mempercepatkan proses penyembuhan tulang?
- A.
  
  Kestabilan emosi
- B.
  
  Senaman yang aktif
- C.
  
  Immobilisasi yang berkesan
- D.
  
  Pengambilan ubatan yang teratur
Correct Answer
C. Immobilisasi yang berkesan

Explanation
Immobilisasi yang berkesan adalah faktor utama yang mempercepatkan proses penyembuhan tulang bagi pesakit yang mengalami fracture. Immobilisasi yang berkesan merujuk kepada penstabilan tulang yang patah dengan menggunakan alat seperti gips atau penyangga. Dengan mengimobilisasi tulang yang patah, ia membantu mengurangkan gerakan dan tekanan pada tulang yang rosak, membolehkan tulang untuk menyembuh dengan lebih cepat dan baik. Faktor-faktor lain seperti kestabilan emosi, senaman yang aktif, dan pengambilan ubatan yang teratur juga penting dalam proses penyembuhan, tetapi immobilisasi yang berkesan adalah faktor utama yang mempercepatkan proses tersebut.

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29.

Pemerhatian spesifik bagi pesakit dengan Pemasangan Plaster Of Paris (POP) adalah untuk menilai
- A.
  
  Keadaan am pesakit
- B.
  
  Status neurovascular
- C.
  
  Pendarahan pada kaki
- D.
  
  Keberkesanan rawatan
Correct Answer
B. Status neurovascular

Explanation
The specific observation for patients with the Plaster of Paris (POP) application is to assess their neurovascular status. This means that the observation focuses on evaluating the patient's nerve and blood vessel function in the affected area where the plaster has been applied. It is important to monitor the neurovascular status to ensure that there is proper blood circulation and nerve function, as any impairment in these areas can lead to complications and hinder the effectiveness of the treatment.

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30.

Berikut adalah manifestasi klinikal fraktur kecuali
- A.
  
  Deformity
- B.
  
  Immobility
- C.
  
  Haematoma
- D.
  
  Fat embolism
Correct Answer
D. Fat embolism

Explanation
This question is asking for the clinical manifestations of a fracture, except for one option. Fat embolism is not a clinical manifestation of a fracture. Deformity, immobility, and hematoma are common clinical manifestations of a fracture, but fat embolism is not directly related to the fracture itself. Fat embolism occurs when fat globules enter the bloodstream and can be a complication of long bone fractures, but it is not a direct manifestation of the fracture.

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31.

Intervensi kejururawatan ke atas pesakit dengan Buck’s traction yang mengalamai fracture of hip ialah
- A.
  
  Tali yang reput masih boleh digunakan
- B.
  
  Pemberat dibiasakan tergantung bebas mencecah lantai
- C.
  
  Pastikan pemberat adalah 1 per 10 daripada berat badan pesakit
- D.
  
  Pesakit dibenarkan untuk mengubah aligment kakinya apabila kebas
Correct Answer
C. Pastikan pemberat adalah 1 per 10 daripada berat badan pesakit

Explanation
The correct answer is to ensure that the weight is 1 per 10 of the patient's body weight. This is important because Buck's traction is a type of traction used to immobilize and align fractures of the hip. The weight applied helps to keep the bones in the correct position and reduce pain. However, if the weight is too heavy, it can cause further damage or discomfort to the patient. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the weight is appropriate and proportional to the patient's body weight.

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32.

Pendidikan kesihatan yang perlu diberikan kepada pesakit menghidap ankylosing spondylitis ialah
- A.
  
  Elak mengangkat benda berat
- B.
  
  Hadkan pengambilan cecair 1 litre
- C.
  
  Banyakkan pengambilan bahan-bahan citrus
- D.
  
  Aplikasi demahan sejuk pada anggota terlibat
Correct Answer
A. Elak mengangkat benda berat

Explanation
Pendidikan kesihatan yang perlu diberikan kepada pesakit menghidap ankylosing spondylitis adalah untuk mengelakkan mengangkat benda berat. Ankylosing spondylitis adalah penyakit radang sendi kronik yang biasanya mempengaruhi tulang belakang dan sendi panggul. Mengangkat benda berat dapat menyebabkan tekanan dan stres pada sendi yang terkena, yang dapat memperburuk gejala dan menyebabkan kerusakan lebih lanjut pada tulang dan sendi. Oleh karena itu, pesakit dengan ankylosing spondylitis harus diinstruksikan untuk menghindari mengangkat benda berat guna menjaga kesehatan dan mengurangi risiko komplikasi.

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33.

Lembaga Jururawat Malaysia telah diberi kuasa untuk mengawal peraturan dan pentadbiran kejururawatan. Kuasa tersebut dikategorikan sebagai
- A.
  
  Civil law
- B.
  
  Public law
- C.
  
  Legislative law
- D.
  
  Constitutional law
Correct Answer
C. Legislative law

Explanation
The correct answer is legislative law because the question is asking about the authority given to the Malaysian Nursing Board to regulate and administer nursing. Legislative law refers to laws created by the legislative branch of government, which in this case would be the Malaysian government. This answer suggests that the authority given to the Malaysian Nursing Board is established through legislation passed by the government.

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34.

Liability battery boleh dikenakan ke atas jururawat jika melakukan perkara ini
- A.
  
  Merahsiakan penyakit pesakit daripada pesakit yang lain
- B.
  
  Memasukkan urinary catheter tanpa meminta kebenaran pesakit
- C.
  
  Menaikkan side rail katil pesakit untuk mengelakkan pesakit jatuh
- D.
  
  Memastikan borang keizinan telah ditandatangani sebelum pembedahan
Correct Answer
B. Memasukkan urinary catheter tanpa meminta kebenaran pesakit

Explanation
The correct answer is "memasukkan urinary catheter tanpa meminta kebenaran pesakit" because it is a violation of the patient's autonomy and right to informed consent. Inserting a urinary catheter without obtaining the patient's permission is considered a breach of medical ethics and can lead to legal liability for the nurse. Patients have the right to be informed about and participate in decisions regarding their own medical care.

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35.

Fasa utama dalam fasa nursing diagnosis ialah
- A.
  
  Menganalisa data
- B.
  
  Membuat diagnosis kejururawatan
- C.
  
  Mengenalpasti masalah kejururawatan
- D.
  
  Mengesahkan diagnosis kejururawatan
Correct Answer
A. Menganalisa data

Explanation
The main phase in nursing diagnosis is analyzing data. This phase involves collecting and reviewing patient information, including medical history, physical assessment findings, and laboratory results. By analyzing this data, nurses can identify patterns, trends, and potential health problems. This analysis is crucial in formulating accurate nursing diagnoses and developing appropriate care plans for patients.

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36.

Penilaian semula boleh dilakukan semasa aktiviti berikut kecuali
- A.
  
  Menentukan bila pesakit akan keluar hospital
- B.
  
  Intervensi kejururawatan diberi kepada pesakit
- C.
  
  Membuat laporan berkenaan kemajuan pesakit
- D.
  
  membuat laporan pada pertukaran syif jururawat
Correct Answer
A. Menentukan bila pesakit akan keluar hospital

Explanation
The correct answer is "menentukan bila pesakit akan keluar hospital" because the other options involve activities that can be done during a reassessment. Reassessment can involve providing nursing interventions, making progress reports on the patient, and making reports during a shift exchange. However, determining when a patient will be discharged from the hospital is not typically part of a reassessment process.

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37.

Fasa pertama dalam proses kejururawatan ialah
- A.
  
  Planning
- B.
  
  Evaluation
- C.
  
  Assessment
- D.
  
  Implementation
Correct Answer
C. Assessment

Explanation
The correct answer is assessment. In the first phase of the nursing process, assessment is crucial as it involves gathering relevant information about the patient's health status, including physical, psychological, and social factors. This step helps to identify the patient's needs, problems, and strengths, which then guides the subsequent phases of planning, implementation, and evaluation.

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38.

Aktiviti Daily Living diperkenalkan oleh
- A.
  
  Calista Roy
- B.
  
  Dorothea Orem
- C.
  
  Virginia Henderson
- D.
  
  Florence Nightingale
Correct Answer
B. Dorothea Orem

Explanation
Dorothea Orem introduced the concept of Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). ADLs refer to the basic self-care tasks that individuals perform on a daily basis, such as bathing, dressing, eating, and toileting. Orem's theory of self-care emphasizes the importance of individuals being able to meet their own self-care needs to maintain their health and well-being. By introducing the concept of ADLs, Orem highlighted the significance of these activities in promoting independence and self-care abilities in individuals.

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39.

Peranan jururawat sebagai advocator dalam penjagaan pesakit adalah bertujuan untuk
- A.
  
  Menjaga hak-hak pesakit
- B.
  
  Memberi pendidikan kesihatan pesakit
- C.
  
  Mengelakkan kecederaan kepada pesakit
- D.
  
  Memberikan rawatan yang terbaik kepada pesakit
Correct Answer
B. Memberi pendidikan kesihatan pesakit

Explanation
The role of a nurse as an advocate in patient care includes providing health education to patients. This is important because educating patients about their health conditions, treatments, and preventive measures empowers them to make informed decisions about their own care. By providing health education, nurses help patients understand their conditions better, promote self-care, and improve their overall health outcomes. This ultimately contributes to the well-being and autonomy of the patients.

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40.

Kepentingan pendidikan berterusan dalam bidang kejururawatan adalah untuk
- A.
  
  Mengekalkan teori-teori kejururawatan yang sedia ada
- B.
  
  Mengekalkan amalan kejururawatan seperti yang telah dipraktiskan
- C.
  
  Meningkatkan pengetahuan seiring dengan kemajuan sains dan teknologi
- D.
  
  Memberi saingan kepada perkhidmatan kejururawatan di hospital-hospital swasta
Correct Answer
C. Meningkatkan pengetahuan seiring dengan kemajuan sains dan teknologi

Explanation
The importance of continuous education in the field of nursing is to enhance knowledge in line with the advancements in science and technology. This is crucial because the healthcare industry is constantly evolving, and nurses need to stay updated with the latest research, technologies, and best practices to provide the highest quality of care to patients. Continuous education ensures that nurses are equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to adapt to new healthcare challenges and deliver evidence-based care. It also helps nurses to stay competitive in the job market and maintain professional growth throughout their careers.

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1
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41.

Jururawat perlu mengamalkan critical thinking bagi memastikan kualiti perkhidmatan dipertingkatkan. Walau bagaimanapun terdapat halangan disebabkan oleh
- A.
  
  Jumlah pesakit yang ramai
- B.
  
  Pesakit tidak memberi kerjasama
- C.
  
  Sikap jururawat yang tidak mahu berubah
- D.
  
  Bilangan jururawat yang tidak mencukupi
Correct Answer
C. Sikap jururawat yang tidak mahu berubah

Explanation
The correct answer is "sikap jururawat yang tidak mahu berubah" because it suggests that the nurses' unwillingness to change their attitude or behavior is a barrier to improving the quality of service. This implies that critical thinking is necessary for nurses to identify areas for improvement and make necessary changes. The other options, such as the large number of patients, uncooperative patients, and insufficient number of nurses, may also pose challenges, but they do not directly relate to the nurses' attitude or willingness to change.

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2
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42.

Puan M sering menangis dan mengalami mimpi ngeri mengenai kemalangan yang meragut nyawa suaminya sejak dua bulan lalu. Beliau dipercayai mengalami
- A.
  
  Panic disorder
- B.
  
  Acute stress disorder
- C.
  
  Post traumatic stress disorder
- D.
  
  Obsessive –compulsive disorder
Correct Answer
C. Post traumatic stress disorder

Explanation
Based on the given information, Puan M frequently cries and has terrifying dreams about her husband's death. This has been happening for two months. These symptoms suggest that she is experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a mental health condition that occurs after a person has been through a traumatic event, such as the death of a loved one. The symptoms include intrusive thoughts, nightmares, and emotional distress related to the traumatic event. In this case, Puan M's symptoms are likely a result of the trauma she experienced from her husband's death.

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43.

Kelakuan abnormal yang ditunjukkan oleh pesakit bipolar disorder fasa mania ialah
- A.
  
  Menangis tanpa sebab
- B.
  
  Tidur sepanjang malam
- C.
  
  Makan dengan banyak
- D.
  
  Berhias diri secara berlebihan
Correct Answer
D. Berhias diri secara berlebihan

Explanation
One of the abnormal behaviors exhibited by patients with bipolar disorder during the manic phase is excessive or excessive self-adornment. This behavior is characterized by an excessive focus on appearance and an excessive desire to be noticed or admired. It may involve wearing extravagant or flashy clothing, excessive use of makeup or accessories, or engaging in excessive grooming or styling behaviors. This behavior is a manifestation of the heightened self-esteem, impulsivity, and grandiosity often experienced during the manic phase of bipolar disorder.

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44.

Simtom alcohol withdrawal yang perlu dititik beratkan oleh jururawat ialah
- A.
  
  Seizure
- B.
  
  Tachycardia
- C.
  
  Hypertension
- D.
  
  Loya dan muntah
Correct Answer
A. Seizure

Explanation
The symptom of alcohol withdrawal that needs to be emphasized by the nurse is seizure. Seizures are a serious complication of alcohol withdrawal and can be life-threatening. They occur due to the sudden cessation of alcohol intake after prolonged heavy drinking. The nurse needs to closely monitor the patient for any signs of seizures and provide appropriate interventions to prevent and manage them effectively.

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45.

Kesan sampingan utama clozapine (clozaril) dalam rawatan schizophrenia ialah
- A.
  
  Agranulositosis
- B.
  
  Sindrom serotonin
- C.
  
  Myeloid leukaemia
- D.
  
  Symptom ekstra pyramidal
Correct Answer
D. Symptom ekstra pyramidal

Explanation
The main side effect of clozapine (clozaril) in the treatment of schizophrenia is extrapyramidal symptoms. Extrapyramidal symptoms are movement disorders that can occur as a result of taking antipsychotic medications like clozapine. These symptoms can include muscle stiffness, tremors, restlessness, and involuntary movements. It is important to monitor patients taking clozapine for these symptoms and adjust the dosage if necessary to minimize their occurrence.

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1
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46.

Selain mengimbangi cecair dan elektrolit tubuh sodium juga berfungsi sebagai
- A.
  
  Tekanan osmosis
- B.
  
  Keseimbangan ph darah
- C.
  
  Keseimbangan ransangan saraf
- D.
  
  Mengekalkan imbangan di transcellular
Correct Answer
B. Keseimbangan ph darah

Explanation
Sodium plays a role in maintaining the pH balance of the blood. The pH of the blood needs to be tightly regulated within a specific range for proper bodily functions. Sodium helps to regulate the acid-base balance in the blood by interacting with other ions, such as bicarbonate, to maintain the pH at a stable level. This is important for various physiological processes, including enzyme activity, cell function, and oxygen transport.

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47.

Oncotic pressure darah dikekalkan oleh
- A.
  
  Sodium
- B.
  
  Bicarbonates
- C.
  
  Hydrogen ions
- D.
  
  Plasma proteins
Correct Answer
D. Plasma proteins

Explanation
Plasma proteins are responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure in the blood. Oncotic pressure is the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the blood vessels, which helps to retain fluid within the blood vessels and prevent it from leaking into the surrounding tissues. Sodium, bicarbonates, and hydrogen ions do not play a direct role in maintaining oncotic pressure.

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2
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48.

Semasa membaca kadar Central venous preasure, paras 0 di manometer mesti menunjukan ia berada di paras
- A.
  
  Clavicle
- B.
  
  Jugular vein
- C.
  
  Right artrium
- D.
  
  Midsternum
Correct Answer
C. Right artrium

Explanation
The correct answer is right atrium. When reading the central venous pressure, the level of the fluid in the manometer should indicate that it is at the level of the right atrium. This is because the central venous pressure is measured by placing a catheter into a large vein, usually the jugular vein, and advancing it until it reaches the right atrium. Therefore, the fluid level in the manometer should be at the same level as the right atrium to accurately measure the central venous pressure.

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1
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49.

Semasa melakukan pemeriksaan ke atas infusi intravena, anda mendapati infusi intravena tidak mengalir. Tindakan yang harus anda lakukan ialah
- A.
  
  Flush dengan heparin saline
- B.
  
  Tukar keseluruhan set infusi intravena
- C.
  
  Periksa dikawasan puncture branula
- D.
  
  Lakukan milking and stripping pada tiub infusi
Correct Answer
C. Periksa dikawasan puncture branula

Explanation
You should check the puncture site of the branula. This is because if the intravenous infusion is not flowing, it could be due to a blockage or dislodgement at the site where the needle is inserted into the vein. By checking the puncture site, you can identify any issues and take appropriate action to ensure the proper flow of the infusion.

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50.

Pemberian solusi I/V hypertonik kepada pesakit boleh menyebabkan terlalu banyak cecair di
- A.
  
  Tarik dari sel ke aliran darah
- B.
  
  Tarik dari aliran darah ke sel
- C.
  
  Tolak dari aliran darah ke ruang interstitial
- D.
  
  Tiada perubahan diantara semua compartment
Correct Answer
B. Tarik dari aliran darah ke sel

Explanation
Pemberian solusi I/V hypertonik kepada pesakit menyebabkan tarikan dari aliran darah ke sel. Solusi hipertonik memiliki konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi daripada cairan dalam sel-sel tubuh. Ketika solusi ini diberikan melalui infus intravena, tekanan osmotik yang tinggi dari solusi hipertonik akan menyebabkan air keluar dari aliran darah dan masuk ke dalam sel-sel tubuh. Hal ini menyebabkan terlalu banyak cairan diambil dari aliran darah ke dalam sel.

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1
0

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Nov 19, 2018

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