14n Pre-course Study Guide

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1. ___ nature and scope of some missions may require joint forces to conduct large-scale combat operations to achieve national strategic objectives or protect national interests.

Explanation

Large-scale combat operations may be necessary in certain missions that require joint forces to achieve national strategic objectives or protect national interests. These operations involve conducting large-scale military engagements, security cooperation, and deterrence activities. They are typically carried out in response to crises or limited contingency operations. In such situations, the nature and scope of the mission demand the deployment of joint forces to effectively address the challenges and achieve the desired outcomes.

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14n Pre-course Study Guide - Quiz

The '14N Pre-Course Study Guide' assesses key military concepts like Versatility, Information Operations, and Maritime domains. It covers strategic, operational, and tactical employment of airpower, ensuring learners understand military operations' range and integration within joint force elements.

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2. Marine Air Ground Task Forces consist of Four Elements:

Explanation

Marine Air Ground Task Forces are composed of four elements: the Command Element, Logistics Combat Element, Aviation Combat Element, and Ground Combat Element. The Command Element provides overall leadership and coordination of the task force. The Logistics Combat Element is responsible for providing logistical support, including transportation, maintenance, and supply, to the task force. The Aviation Combat Element consists of aircraft and personnel that provide air support and transportation capabilities. Finally, the Ground Combat Element is made up of infantry and other ground forces that conduct combat operations. These four elements work together to form a cohesive and effective task force.

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3. ____ warfare is characterized as a violent struggle for domination between nation-states or coalitions and alliances of nation-states; typically involves force-on-force military operations in which adversaries employ a variety of conventional forces and special operations forces against each other.

Explanation

Traditional warfare refers to a type of conflict that involves nation-states or alliances of nation-states engaging in direct, force-on-force military operations. It is characterized by the use of conventional forces, such as armies, navies, and air forces, as well as special operations forces. In traditional warfare, the goal is to dominate and defeat the enemy through military means. This type of warfare is different from irregular warfare, which involves unconventional tactics and strategies.

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4. Often the military is not the sole, or even the lead, agency in contingency operations, therefore _______________ becomes critical during interagency operations and can best be achieved through consensus building.

Explanation

During interagency operations, when multiple agencies are involved in contingency operations, it is crucial to have unity of effort. This means that all agencies must work together towards a common goal, coordinating their actions and resources. Unity of effort ensures that there is no duplication of efforts, resources are used efficiently, and there is a cohesive and coordinated approach. Consensus building is an important aspect of achieving unity of effort, as it involves reaching agreement and understanding among different agencies, fostering collaboration and cooperation. This helps in effective decision-making and execution of operations.

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5. Encompasses the minds of those who transmit, receive, and respond to or act on information.

Explanation

The cognitive dimension refers to the mental processes and activities involved in transmitting, receiving, and responding to information. It encompasses the thoughts, perceptions, and decision-making processes of individuals who interact with information. This dimension focuses on how people understand, interpret, and make use of information in their daily lives.

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6. Which Marine Air Ground Task force Element is responsible for seizing and occupying territory?

Explanation

The Ground Combat Element is responsible for seizing and occupying territory. This element consists of combat units such as infantry, tanks, and artillery, which are trained and equipped for ground warfare. They are responsible for conducting offensive and defensive operations on land and are specifically tasked with capturing and holding enemy-held territory. This element plays a crucial role in establishing control over an area and maintaining security during military operations.

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7. ____ doctrine, as it applies to airpower in joint operations, describes the best way to integrate and employ air, space, and cyberspace capabilities with land, maritime, and special operations forces in military action.

Explanation

The term "joint" refers to the doctrine that focuses on the integration and coordination of various military forces, including air, space, and cyberspace capabilities, with land, maritime, and special operations forces. This doctrine emphasizes the collaborative efforts of different branches of the military to achieve effective military action.

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8. In order to reduce the threat to U.S. forces and to enable them to work toward their objective, the U.S. should be viewed as a legitimate actor in the mission, working towards multi-lateral interests including our own. _______________ in the eyes of the host nation could be affected more by the actions of the military than U.S. political leadership.

Explanation

The U.S. being viewed as a legitimate actor in the mission means that their actions are seen as justified and authorized by the international community. This is important because the perception of legitimacy in the eyes of the host nation is more influenced by the actions of the military rather than U.S. political leadership. If the military acts in a way that is perceived as legitimate, it will enhance their effectiveness and decrease the threat to U.S. forces.

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9. SOF support U.S. government efforts to curtail the development, possession, proliferation, use, and effects of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), related expertise, materials, technologies, and means of delivery by state and non-state actors.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "Countering weapons of Mass destruction". This is because the statement mentions that SOF (Special Operations Forces) support the U.S. government's efforts to curtail the development, possession, proliferation, use, and effects of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), related expertise, materials, technologies, and means of delivery by state and non-state actors. Therefore, countering weapons of mass destruction aligns with the stated objective of SOF support in this context.

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10. Military doctrine is authoritative.

Explanation

Military doctrine is authoritative because it serves as a guide for military operations and decision-making. It is developed by military experts and is based on extensive research, historical lessons, and best practices. Military doctrine outlines the principles, tactics, techniques, and procedures that should be followed by military personnel. It provides a standardized framework for training, planning, and executing military operations, ensuring that all units operate cohesively and effectively. As an authoritative document, military doctrine is widely recognized and followed within the military community, ensuring consistency and unity of effort across different branches and units.

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11. ___- concentrate the effects of combat power at the most advantageous place and time to achieve decisive results.

Explanation

Mass refers to the concentration of combat power at a specific location and time to achieve decisive results. By massing forces, a military unit can overwhelm the enemy and gain a significant advantage. This involves bringing together a large number of troops, vehicles, and resources to create a force that is too powerful for the enemy to withstand. Massing forces can enable swift and overwhelming attacks, leading to victory on the battlefield.

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12. Disciplined application of military force appropriate to the situation.

Explanation

Restraint refers to the act of showing self-control and avoiding excessive or unnecessary use of force. In a military context, it means exercising discipline and only using force when it is appropriate and necessary for the situation at hand. Restraint is important because it helps to minimize civilian casualties, reduce collateral damage, and maintain the moral high ground in military operations. It also demonstrates respect for human rights and international laws. By practicing restraint, military forces can achieve their objectives effectively while minimizing negative consequences and maintaining legitimacy in the eyes of the international community.

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13. What is composed of significant elements, assigned or attached, of two or more Military Departments operating under a single Joint Force Commander (JFC)?

Explanation

A Joint Force is composed of significant elements, assigned or attached, of two or more Military Departments operating under a single Joint Force Commander (JFC). This means that it includes personnel and resources from different military departments working together under a unified command structure. The Joint Force is responsible for carrying out military operations and achieving the objectives set by the Joint Force Commander.

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14. A series of related military operations aimed at accomplishing strategic and operational objectives within a given time and space.

Explanation

A campaign refers to a series of military operations that are planned and executed in order to achieve strategic and operational objectives within a specific time and space. It involves a coordinated and systematic approach to achieve a desired outcome in a larger military operation. Campaigns are usually designed to achieve long-term goals and involve multiple operations that are interconnected and interdependent. They require careful planning, coordination, and execution of various military activities in order to achieve the desired objectives.

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15. Who does the CJTF designate to establish unity of command and unity of effort for joint air operations?

Explanation

The CJTF designates the Joint Force Air Component Commander to establish unity of command and unity of effort for joint air operations. This means that the Joint Force Air Component Commander is responsible for coordinating and directing all air operations within the joint task force, ensuring that all air assets and resources are used effectively and efficiently to achieve the mission objectives. They work closely with other component commanders and the CJTF to ensure seamless integration of air power into the overall joint operation.

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16. The relationship that results from a formal agreement between two or more nations for broad, long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members.

Explanation

An alliance is a formal agreement between two or more nations that aims to achieve common objectives and further the common interests of its members. This relationship is typically long-term and focuses on broad goals. Alliances are formed to enhance security, promote economic cooperation, or address other shared concerns. They involve mutual commitments and cooperation among the member nations.

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17. Who does the CJTF designate to exercise command and control over land operations?

Explanation

The CJTF designates the JFLCC to exercise command and control over land operations.

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18. _______________ are branches of campaign plans that are planned for potential threats, catastrophic events, and contingent missions without a crisis at-hand, pursuant to the strategic guidance.

Explanation

Contingency plans are branches of campaign plans that are prepared for potential threats, catastrophic events, and contingent missions without a crisis at-hand, pursuant to the strategic guidance. These plans are designed to address unforeseen circumstances and provide a framework for responding effectively in case of emergencies or unexpected situations. They help organizations to be proactive and prepared for any potential risks or challenges that may arise, ensuring a swift and coordinated response.

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19. The president always retains and cannot relinquish this authority over U.S. Forces.

Explanation

The correct answer is National Command. This refers to the authority that the president of the United States has over the U.S. Forces. This authority cannot be given up or relinquished by the president. The term "National Command" signifies the president's role as the ultimate decision-maker and commander-in-chief of the U.S. military.

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20. ____ doctrine outlines Service capabilities and guides the application of Service forces.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Service." In military terms, the Service doctrine refers to the specific branch of the armed forces, such as the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marines. Each Service has its own doctrine that outlines its capabilities and provides guidance on how to apply its forces effectively. This doctrine helps to ensure that the Service is able to fulfill its specific role and responsibilities in military operations.

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21. ___ is the aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on information

Explanation

The correct answer is "Information environment". The information environment refers to the collective individuals, organizations, and systems that are involved in the collection, processing, dissemination, and utilization of information. This encompasses various aspects such as communication networks, information systems, and the people who interact with them. Understanding and effectively operating within the information environment is crucial for achieving success in various domains, including military operations, business, and governance.

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22. What consists of the interdependent network of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers?

Explanation

Cyberspace consists of the interdependent network of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers. It is a virtual environment where communication, transactions, and interactions take place using computer networks.

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23. Encompasses the patient, resolute, and persistent pursuit of national goals and objectives, for as long as necessary to achieve them.

Explanation

Perseverance refers to the patient, resolute, and persistent pursuit of national goals and objectives, for as long as necessary to achieve them. It involves the determination and commitment to overcome obstacles and challenges, and to continue striving towards success despite setbacks or difficulties. It implies a steadfast dedication and refusal to give up, even in the face of adversity.

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24. Comprehensive civilian and military efforts designed to simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes.

Explanation

Counterinsurgency refers to comprehensive civilian and military efforts aimed at defeating and containing insurgency while also addressing its root causes. This approach involves a combination of military operations, political strategies, and development initiatives to win the support of the local population and undermine the insurgents' influence. Counterinsurgency focuses on both the military aspect of defeating the insurgents and the non-military aspect of addressing the underlying grievances and issues that contribute to the insurgency. It aims to restore stability, establish effective governance, and build the capacity of local security forces to maintain security in the long term.

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25. _________________ organize to conduct decisive action, which is the continuous, simultaneous combinations of offensive, defensive, and stability or defense support of civil authorities tasks

Explanation

A Brigade Combat Team is the correct answer because it is a military unit that is capable of conducting decisive action. It is composed of various combat and support elements, including infantry, armor, artillery, and engineers. The Brigade Combat Team is organized to carry out offensive, defensive, and stability operations, as well as provide support to civil authorities during emergencies or disasters.

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26. _____ presents considerations on how to accomplish military goals and objectives. It is a storehouse of analyzed experience and wisdom.

Explanation

Doctrine presents considerations on how to accomplish military goals and objectives. It is a storehouse of analyzed experience and wisdom. Doctrine provides a framework for decision-making and guides the actions and operations of military forces. It outlines principles, tactics, techniques, and procedures that have been developed and refined through historical analysis and lessons learned. Doctrine serves as a common reference point for military personnel, ensuring a cohesive approach and promoting efficiency and effectiveness in achieving military objectives.

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27. The dimension represents the content of the information used by the decision maker. Once someone applies meaning to any data element, the data element is transduced into information.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Informational Dimension". This dimension represents the content of the information used by the decision maker. It refers to the transformation of data into meaningful information by applying meaning to data elements. Once meaning is applied, the data becomes information that can be used for decision-making. The other options, such as cognitive dimension, cyber domain, and physical dimension, do not specifically relate to the content of information used by decision makers.

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28. Provides SecDef with military COAs to meet a potential contingency. The estimate reflects the commander's analysis of the various COAs available to accomplish an assigned mission and contains a recommended COA.

Explanation

The commander's estimate provides the Secretary of Defense with different courses of action (COAs) that can be taken to address a potential contingency. It includes the commander's analysis of the available COAs and also includes a recommended COA. This estimate helps the Secretary of Defense make informed decisions and develop appropriate plans and strategies.

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29. __________ combat opportunity, necessity, effectiveness, efficiency, and the impact on accomplishing assigned objectives against the associated risk to friendly forces.

Explanation

Balance refers to the need to strike a harmonious equilibrium between various factors such as combat opportunity, necessity, effectiveness, efficiency, and the impact on accomplishing assigned objectives against the associated risk to friendly forces. It implies that military operations should not be overly focused on any single aspect but should instead aim for a well-rounded approach that considers all relevant factors. This ensures that resources are allocated appropriately, risks are mitigated, and objectives are achieved effectively and efficiently.

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30. What is the purpose of a CCMD campaign?

Explanation

The purpose of a CCMD (Combatant Command) campaign is to fulfill multiple objectives. It aims to mitigate the effects of a contingency, which means minimizing the negative consequences of an unexpected event or situation. Additionally, it aims to shape the operational environment, which involves influencing and controlling the conditions and factors that affect military operations. The campaign also supports the overarching national strategy, aligning its objectives and actions with the broader goals and interests of the nation. Furthermore, it involves executing combat operations, which refers to carrying out military actions and missions. Lastly, it aims to deter aggressors, which means discouraging potential adversaries from taking hostile actions.

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31. Actions taken directly against terrorist networks, and indirectly to influence and render global and regional environments inhospitable to terrorist networks.

Explanation

Counterterrorism refers to actions taken directly against terrorist networks, as well as indirectly influencing and making global and regional environments inhospitable to these networks. It involves various strategies and tactics aimed at preventing, deterring, and responding to terrorist activities. This can include intelligence gathering, law enforcement operations, military interventions, diplomatic efforts, and cooperation with international partners. Counterterrorism aims to disrupt and dismantle terrorist organizations, prevent terrorist attacks, and protect the safety and security of individuals and societies.

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32. Physical areas ___ described as the atmosphere, beginning at the Earth's surface, extending to the altitude where its effects upon operations become negligible.

Explanation

The physical areas that are described as the atmosphere begin at the Earth's surface and extend to the altitude where its effects upon operations become negligible. This includes the air surrounding the Earth, which is composed of various gases and is essential for supporting life and weather patterns. The other options, such as land, maritime, and space environment, do not encompass the entire atmosphere and its effects.

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33. Commanders should establish clear priorities for the use of airpower. Due to its inherent flexibility, the demands for airpower may likely exceed available resources. If commanders fail to establish priorities, they can become ineffective.

Explanation

Establishing clear priorities for the use of airpower is important because the demands for airpower may exceed the available resources. Without clear priorities, commanders may not be able to effectively allocate and utilize airpower, leading to inefficiency and ineffectiveness in their operations. Prioritizing allows commanders to focus on the most critical tasks and objectives, ensuring that resources are utilized in the most efficient and effective manner.

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34. ___________________ are a proven means of integrating the participating nations' military forces into the multinational planning and operations processes, enhancing coordination and cooperation, and supporting an open and full interaction within the MNF structure.

Explanation

Coordination Centers are a proven means of integrating the participating nations' military forces into the multinational planning and operations processes, enhancing coordination and cooperation, and supporting an open and full interaction within the MNF structure. These centers serve as central hubs where information and resources can be shared and coordinated among the participating nations. They ensure effective communication and collaboration, enabling the smooth execution of joint military operations. By establishing coordination centers, the participating nations can work together more efficiently and effectively, maximizing the overall effectiveness of the multinational force.

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35. ____ - seize, retain, and exploit the initiative

Explanation

The term "offensive" refers to the military strategy of seizing, retaining, and exploiting the initiative in a battle or war. This means actively attacking and pushing forward, rather than passively defending or waiting for the enemy to make a move. By taking the offensive, a military force aims to gain control, disrupt the enemy's plans, and maintain momentum. This strategy requires aggressive action and a proactive approach to achieve victory.

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36. Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military, paramilitary, or violent extremist organization decision makers, thereby causing the adversary to take specific actions (or fail to take actions) that will contribute to the accomplishment of the friendly mission.

Explanation

Military deception involves executing actions with the intention of misleading adversary decision makers, causing them to take specific actions or fail to take actions that will benefit the friendly mission. This can include tactics such as spreading false information, creating decoys, or using camouflage to deceive the enemy. By employing military deception, the friendly forces can gain a strategic advantage by confusing and misdirecting the adversary.

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37. ____- avoiding unnecessary complexity in organizing, preparing, planning, and conducting military operations.

Explanation

Simplicity refers to the concept of avoiding unnecessary complexity in organizing, preparing, planning, and conducting military operations. By keeping things simple, military forces can streamline their processes and make them more efficient. This can help in reducing confusion, minimizing errors, and ensuring effective communication among the troops. Simplicity also allows for quick decision-making and adaptability on the battlefield, as complex plans and procedures may hinder the ability to respond rapidly to changing situations. Therefore, simplicity is crucial in ensuring the smooth execution of military operations.

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38. Which operations are by forces of two or more nations, usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or alliance?

Explanation

Multinational operations refer to operations that involve forces from two or more nations, usually working together within a coalition or alliance. These operations are characterized by the collaboration and coordination between different nations to achieve a common objective. They often require effective communication, joint planning, and the integration of different military capabilities and resources from participating nations. Multinational operations are conducted to address complex security challenges and promote international cooperation and stability.

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39. _____ ongoing activities establish, shape, maintain, and refine relations with other nations and include military engagement activities with domestic civil authorities.

Explanation

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40. The integrated employment, during military operations, of information-related capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "Information Operations". Information Operations involve the integrated employment of information-related capabilities during military operations to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own. This includes activities such as psychological operations, military deception, electronic warfare, and computer network operations.

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41. _____- never permit the enemy to acquire unexpected advantage.

Explanation

Security is the correct answer because it refers to the measures taken to protect oneself from potential threats or dangers. By prioritizing security, one ensures that the enemy does not gain any unexpected advantage, as precautions are taken to prevent any surprises or vulnerabilities. This could include strategies such as maintaining strong defenses, implementing surveillance systems, and conducting regular risk assessments. By prioritizing security, one can effectively counter any attempts by the enemy to acquire an unexpected advantage.

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42. Policy is guidance that is ____ or ____, stating what is to be accomplished

Explanation

Policy is a set of guidelines or instructions that provide direction and guidance on what needs to be achieved. "Directive" means giving clear instructions or orders, which aligns with the purpose of policy. "Instructive" means providing information or guidance on how to accomplish a task, which also aligns with the purpose of policy. Therefore, the correct answer is "directive, instructive".

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43. ___ consists of the oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, and the airspace above these, including the littorals.

Explanation

Maritime refers to the areas and elements related to the sea and its surroundings. It includes the oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, and the airspace above these regions. This term encompasses all aspects of the marine environment and is often used in the context of activities and industries related to the sea, such as shipping, fishing, and naval operations.

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44. ____________, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, is the capstone publication for all joint doctrine, presenting fundamental principles and overarching guidance for the employment of the Armed Forces of the United States.

Explanation

Joint Publication 1, also known as Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, serves as the primary publication for all joint doctrine. It provides essential principles and overarching guidance for the utilization of the Armed Forces of the United States. This publication acts as a comprehensive guide that outlines the fundamental concepts and strategies for the effective employment of the military. It serves as a reference for military personnel and ensures consistency and cohesion in the planning and execution of joint operations.

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45. DoD activities conducted outside the United States and its territories to directly relieve or reduce human suffering, disease, hunger or privation.

Explanation

Foreign Humanitarian Assistance refers to activities conducted by the Department of Defense (DoD) outside the United States and its territories to directly relieve or reduce human suffering, disease, hunger, or privation. This includes providing aid and support to foreign countries in times of natural disasters, conflicts, or other humanitarian crises. The DoD may deploy personnel, resources, and equipment to provide medical assistance, food, clean water, shelter, and other essential supplies to affected populations. Foreign Humanitarian Assistance is an important aspect of the DoD's mission to support global stability and promote goodwill between nations.

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46. ___ operations can range from an independent, small-scale, noncombat operation, such as support of civil authorities, up to a supporting component of extended major noncombat and/or combat operations.

Explanation

Crisis response and limited contingency operations can range from independent, small-scale, noncombat operations to supporting components of extended major noncombat and/or combat operations. This means that these operations can vary in size and scope, from providing support to civil authorities to participating in larger military engagements. They are characterized by their ability to respond to crises and contingencies, but they are not limited to a specific scale or type of operation.

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47. ____ doctrine is the most fundamental and enduring beliefs that describe and guide the proper use, presentation, and organization of forces in military action

Explanation

The correct answer is "Basic." Basic doctrine refers to the most fundamental and enduring beliefs that describe and guide the proper use, presentation, and organization of forces in military action. It provides the foundation for all other levels of doctrine, such as operational and tactical doctrine. Basic doctrine is essential for establishing a common understanding and framework for military operations, ensuring unity of effort and effective decision-making across the military organization.

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48. ____ warfare is defined in JP 1-02 as "a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations. Irregular warfare favors indirect and asymmetric approaches, though it may employ the full range o

Explanation

Irregular warfare is defined as a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations. It favors indirect and asymmetric approaches, but it can also use the full range of military and non-military capabilities available. This type of warfare is different from traditional warfare, which typically involves conventional military forces engaging in direct combat with each other. Irregular warfare involves unconventional tactics and strategies, such as guerrilla warfare, terrorism, and insurgency, to achieve its objectives.

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49. An arrangement between two or more nations for common action. ______________ are typically ad hoc, formed by different nations, often with different objectives, usually for a single event or for a longer period while addressing

Explanation

Coalitions are typically ad hoc arrangements between two or more nations for common action. They are formed by different nations, often with different objectives, usually for a single event or for a longer period while addressing a specific issue or goal.

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50. Information environment also includes _____.

Explanation

The information environment refers to the space where information is created, processed, and shared. Cyberspace is a part of the information environment as it encompasses the digital realm where information is transmitted and accessed through computer networks. It includes websites, social media platforms, online databases, and other digital platforms. Air space and land communication, on the other hand, do not directly relate to the information environment as they primarily refer to physical spaces for transportation and communication.

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51. Potential extends from military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence in times of relative peace up through large-scale combat operations.

Explanation

The potential mentioned in the statement refers to the range of military operations (ROMO). ROMO encompasses various activities, including military engagement, security cooperation, deterrence, and large-scale combat operations. This means that the military's potential extends from times of relative peace, where they focus on cooperation and deterrence, to times of conflict, where they engage in combat operations. Therefore, ROMO is the correct answer as it encompasses the full spectrum of military activities.

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52. Is an incident or situation that typically develops rapidly and creates a condition of such diplomatic, economic, or military importance that the President or SecDef considers a commitment of U.S. military forces and resources to achieve or defend national objectives. It may occur with little or no warning.

Explanation

A crisis is an incident or situation that develops rapidly and is of such importance that the President or SecDef considers committing U.S. military forces and resources to achieve or defend national objectives. It can occur suddenly and without warning, creating a condition that requires immediate attention and action. In this context, a crisis refers to a pressing and urgent situation that demands a response from the military and diplomatic channels to address the potential threats or challenges.

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53. ____- places the enemy in a position of disadvantage through the flexible application of combat power in a multidimensional combat space

Explanation

Maneuver is the correct answer because it involves the flexible application of combat power to place the enemy in a position of disadvantage. This means that through strategic movements and positioning, the military forces can gain an advantage over the enemy in a multidimensional combat space. Maneuver allows for adaptability and the ability to exploit weaknesses in the enemy's defenses, ultimately leading to a higher chance of success in the battle.

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54. Because of airpower's unique potential to directly affect the strategic and operational levels of war, it should be controlled by a single Airman who maintains the broad, strategic perspective necessary to balance and prioritize the use of a powerful, highly desired yet limited force.

Explanation

The correct answer is centralized control and decentralized execution. This is because airpower has the potential to directly impact the strategic and operational levels of war, and therefore it should be controlled by a single Airman who can maintain a broad, strategic perspective. This allows for the balancing and prioritization of the use of airpower, which is a powerful and limited force. By centralizing control, decisions can be made in a coordinated and efficient manner. On the other hand, decentralized execution allows for flexibility and versatility in the implementation of airpower, as well as the ability to achieve synergistic effects and persistence in operations.

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55. ___ corresponds to the space domain, where electromagnetic radiation, charged particles, and electric and magnetic fields are the dominant physical influences, and that encompasses the earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere, interplanetary space, and the solar atmosphere.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Space Environment" because it is the only option that corresponds to the space domain, where electromagnetic radiation, charged particles, and electric and magnetic fields are the dominant physical influences. The other options (Air, Land, and Maritime) do not encompass the earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere, interplanetary space, and the solar atmosphere.

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56. This is vital as differences in doctrine, organization, equipment, training, and national law demand a robust liaison structure to facilitate operations.

Explanation

A liaison network is vital for facilitating operations due to the differences in doctrine, organization, equipment, training, and national law. This network allows for effective coordination and communication between different entities involved in the operations. It ensures that information and resources are shared efficiently, allowing for better collaboration and decision-making. Without a liaison network, the challenges posed by these differences would hinder the effectiveness and efficiency of operations.

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57. Military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) or to attack the enemy.

Explanation

Electronic Warfare is the correct answer because it involves the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) or to attack the enemy. This can include activities such as jamming enemy communications, intercepting enemy signals, and manipulating electronic systems to disrupt or deceive the enemy. Electronic Warfare is an important component of modern military operations, as it allows for the exploitation of the electromagnetic spectrum to gain a tactical advantage over the enemy.

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58. Forces participating in a multinational operation will always have at least two distinct chains of command:

Explanation

In a multinational operation, different countries come together to work towards a common goal. Each country will have its own chain of command, known as national command, which includes their own military leaders and decision-making processes. Additionally, there will be a multinational command that oversees the entire operation and coordinates the efforts of all participating forces. This ensures that there is a unified approach and effective coordination among the different nations involved. Therefore, it is necessary to have both multinational command and national command in a multinational operation.

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59. ___________________, Air Force Basic Doctrine, Organization, and Command, is the senior capstone document of Air Force doctrine. (Figure 1-46)

Explanation

Air Force Doctrine Document (AFDD) 1 is the correct answer because it is stated that AFDD 1, which stands for Air Force Basic Doctrine, Organization, and Command, is the senior capstone document of Air Force doctrine. This implies that AFDD 1 holds the highest authority and provides the overarching principles and guidance for the Air Force's doctrine, organization, and command structure.

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60. ____ is a fundamental construct that helps relate military activities and operations in scope and purpose.

Explanation

The Range of military operations (ROMO) is a fundamental construct that helps relate military activities and operations in scope and purpose. ROMO refers to the entire spectrum of military operations, from traditional warfare to irregular warfare, and encompasses all types of military activities and missions. It helps to categorize and understand the different types of military operations and their objectives, allowing for effective planning and execution of military activities.

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61. ____________________ have unique and incomparable warfighting capabilities; containing organic air, ground, and logistic elements under a single command element, making them integrated and self-sustaining.

Explanation

Marine Air Ground Task Forces (MAGTFs) have unique and incomparable warfighting capabilities because they consist of organic air, ground, and logistic elements under a single command element. This integration allows MAGTFs to be self-sustaining and operate effectively in various combat situations. The combination of air and ground assets provides versatility and flexibility in executing missions, while the logistic elements ensure the necessary support and sustainment. This comprehensive structure makes MAGTFs a formidable force in warfare.

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62. Normally negotiated between the participating nations and can vary from nation to nation.

Explanation

Multinational Command is the correct answer because it refers to a command structure that involves multiple nations working together. The question states that the command structure is normally negotiated between participating nations and can vary from nation to nation, which aligns with the concept of a multinational command. This type of command allows for coordination and cooperation between different nations, pooling their resources and expertise to achieve common goals.

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63. Complete and detailed plan containing a full description of the CONOPS, including all applicable annexes to the plan.

Explanation

The operation plan is the correct answer because it is the most comprehensive and detailed plan that contains a full description of the CONOPS (Concept of Operations), including all applicable annexes. The operation plan outlines the specific actions, tasks, and resources required to execute a military operation or mission. It provides a clear and organized framework for commanders and staff to understand and execute their roles and responsibilities. The other options, such as concept plan, commander's estimate, basic plan, and base plan, may be components or subsets of the operation plan, but they do not encompass the entire plan with all its annexes.

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64. ___ ensures concentration of effort _for every objective under one responsible commander.

Explanation

Unity of Command ensures concentration of effort for every objective under one responsible commander. This principle states that each individual in an organization should have only one direct supervisor or commander to report to. This helps in avoiding confusion, conflicting instructions, and duplication of efforts. By having one responsible commander, the organization can ensure that all efforts are coordinated and focused towards achieving the objectives efficiently and effectively. This principle is essential for maintaining clear lines of communication, accountability, and unity within the organization.

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65. ___- leverages the security principle by attacking the enemy at a time, place, or in a manner for which they are not prepared.

Explanation

Surprise leverages the security principle by attacking the enemy at a time, place, or in a manner for which they are not prepared. By catching the enemy off guard, it disrupts their plans and forces them to react hastily, giving the attacker an advantage. This tactic is commonly used in military strategies to gain the upper hand and achieve strategic objectives.

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66. Which group is "assigned in direct support, operating in mutual support with the task of destroying hostile submarine, surface, and air forces within the group's assigned operational area and striking at targets along hostile shore lines or projecting power inland." ?

Explanation

A Carrier Strike Group is a group that is assigned in direct support, operating in mutual support with the task of destroying hostile submarine, surface, and air forces within the group's assigned operational area and striking at targets along hostile shore lines or projecting power inland.

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67. _____ is the range of all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.

Explanation

The electromagnetic spectrum refers to the range of all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. This includes all types of electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. It is called a spectrum because it spans a wide range of frequencies, with each type of wave having a different frequency and wavelength. The electromagnetic spectrum is important in various fields, including communication, astronomy, and medical imaging.

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68. Deals with HOW we fight. Military actions occur almost entirely at the tactical level. The tactical level of air, space, and cyberspace warfare deals with how forces are employed, and the specifics of how engagements are conducted. ___ are concerned with the unique employment of force, so application defines this level.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "Tactical". In military actions, the tactical level focuses on how forces are employed and the specifics of how engagements are conducted. It deals with the unique employment of force, making application the defining factor at this level. Strategic and operational levels may involve broader planning and decision-making, but the tactical level is where the actual fighting and execution of plans occur.

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69. ___ area of the Earth's surface ending at the high water mark and overlapping with the maritime domain in the landward segment of the littorals

Explanation

The correct answer is "Land" because the question is asking for the area of the Earth's surface that extends from the high water mark and overlaps with the maritime domain in the landward segment of the littorals. This refers to the portion of the Earth's surface that is not covered by water and includes coastal areas, beaches, and other land formations that are adjacent to the ocean or sea.

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70. ____ - judicious employment and distribution of forces

Explanation

Economy of force refers to the efficient and effective use of available resources and forces. It involves carefully allocating and distributing forces in a way that maximizes their impact and minimizes waste. By employing only the necessary amount of force and avoiding unnecessary expenditures, economy of force allows for the conservation of resources and the ability to allocate them to other areas where they are needed. This principle ensures that forces are used judiciously and strategically, ultimately increasing the chances of success in a given situation.

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71. CCMD campaign plans implement the military portion of national policy and defense strategy by identifying those actions the CCMDs will conduct on a _____________________.

Explanation

CCMD campaign plans implement the military portion of national policy and defense strategy by identifying those actions the CCMDs will conduct on a daily basis. This means that the plans outline the specific activities and operations that the CCMDs will undertake each day in order to support and achieve the objectives of the national policy and defense strategy. By operating on a daily basis, the CCMDs can maintain a consistent and proactive approach to implementing the military portion of these policies and strategies.

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72. At the national level, _____ may be expressed in such broad vehicles as the National Security Strategy or Presidential Executive Orders.

Explanation

At the national level, policy may be expressed in such broad vehicles as the National Security Strategy or Presidential Executive Orders. This means that the government's stance or approach towards certain issues or goals is communicated through these means. Policy refers to a set of principles or guidelines that guide decision-making and actions, and it is often articulated and implemented by governments to achieve specific objectives. Therefore, policy is the most appropriate term to describe the expression of national-level decisions and intentions through documents like the National Security Strategy or Presidential Executive Orders.

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73. Every ________________, a new _____________ AEF schedule will be established that aligns with the ______________.

Explanation

Every 12 months, a new 24-month AEF schedule will be established that aligns with the Global Force Management.

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74. The three types of Brigade Combat Teams are:

Explanation

The correct answer is a list of the three types of Brigade Combat Teams: Armored brigade combat team, Infantry brigade combat team, and Stryker brigade combat team. These are the three main types of BCTs in the US Army. The Armored brigade combat team is equipped with tanks and other armored vehicles, the Infantry brigade combat team consists mainly of infantry soldiers, and the Stryker brigade combat team is equipped with Stryker armored vehicles. Each type of BCT has its own unique capabilities and roles in military operations.

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75. ______ , properly applied, often can provide a 70-, 80-, or even 90-percent solution to most questions, allowing leaders to focus on the remainder, which usually involves tailoring for the specific operation

Explanation

Doctrine, properly applied, often can provide a 70-, 80-, or even 90-percent solution to most questions, allowing leaders to focus on the remainder, which usually involves tailoring for the specific operation. Doctrine refers to a set of principles or beliefs that guide decision-making and actions within an organization. By following established doctrine, leaders can rely on proven strategies and approaches that have been successful in the past. This frees up their time and energy to address the unique aspects and challenges of a specific operation, rather than starting from scratch.

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76. A baseline Carrier Strike group consists of:

Explanation

A baseline Carrier Strike group consists of a fleet Oiler, an Aircraft Carrier and Carrier Air Wing, up to five surface combatants, and a Direct Support Submarine. These components work together to form a powerful and versatile naval force. The fleet Oiler provides essential fuel and supplies for the group, while the Aircraft Carrier and Carrier Air Wing serve as the primary offensive and defensive capabilities. The surface combatants add additional firepower and protection, and the Direct Support Submarine provides support and defense capabilities beneath the surface. Together, these components create a well-rounded and formidable Carrier Strike group.

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77. Enhance the relationship between military forces and civil authorities in localities where military forces are present. Require coordination with other interagency organizations, intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, indigenous populations and institutions, and the private sector. Involve application of functional specialty skills that normally are the responsibility of civil government to enhance the conduct of civil-military operation.

Explanation

Civil Affairs Operations involve enhancing the relationship between military forces and civil authorities in areas where military forces are present. This requires coordination with various organizations, including interagency organizations, intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, indigenous populations and institutions, and the private sector. Civil Affairs Operations also involve applying functional specialty skills that are typically the responsibility of civil government to improve the conduct of civil-military operations.

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78. A directive to implement an approved military CONOPS Only the President or the SecDef can authorize the CJCS to issue an _________________________.

Explanation

The correct answer is EXORD. An EXORD (Execution Order) is a directive that authorizes the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) to issue and implement an approved military Concept of Operations (CONOPS). Only the President or the Secretary of Defense (SecDef) has the authority to grant this authorization.

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79. What is the the cumulative effect of dominance in the air, land, maritime, and space domains, electromagnetic spectrum, and information environment (which includes cyberspace) that permits the conduct of joint operations without effective opposition or prohibitive interference?

Explanation

Full-spectrum superiority refers to the cumulative effect of dominance in various domains and environments, including air, land, maritime, space, electromagnetic spectrum, and information environment. It means having control and superiority in all these areas, allowing for the execution of joint operations without facing effective opposition or prohibitive interference. This term encompasses a comprehensive and integrated approach to military operations, ensuring that no aspect or domain is left vulnerable and enabling seamless coordination and effectiveness across all domains.

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80. ______________________ require unique modes of employment, tactics, techniques, procedures, and equipment and are often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically and/or diplomatically sensitive environments.

Explanation

Special operations refer to military activities that require unique modes of employment, tactics, techniques, procedures, and equipment. These operations are often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically and/or diplomatically sensitive environments. They involve highly trained and specialized personnel who carry out missions such as counterterrorism, reconnaissance, and unconventional warfare. Special operations differ from conventional warfare as they require a more covert and secretive approach. Therefore, the correct answer is "Special Operations".

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81. ______ is a guide to action, not a set of fixed rules; it recommends, but does not mandate, particular courses of action

Explanation

Doctrine is a guide to action, not a set of fixed rules. It recommends, but does not mandate, particular courses of action. Unlike policy or strategy, which can be more rigid and prescriptive, doctrine provides general principles and guidelines that can be adapted to different situations. It allows for flexibility and discretion in decision-making, while still providing a framework for action.

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82. A planning directive that provides essential planning guidance and directs the initiation of plan development before the directing authority approves a military COA.

Explanation

A PLANORD (Planning Order) is a planning directive that provides essential planning guidance and directs the initiation of plan development before the directing authority approves a military COA (Course of Action). This means that a PLANORD is issued to start the planning process and develop a plan before the final approval of a military course of action. It serves as a preliminary step in the planning process and ensures that the necessary guidance is provided to begin the development of a plan.

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83. A modification to any previously issued order. Issued as needed to change an existing order or to execute a branch or sequel of an existing OPORD. It provides brief and specific directions that address only those parts of the original order that have changed.

Explanation

A FRAGORD, or Fragmentary Order, is a modification to a previously issued order. It is used to change an existing order or to execute a branch or sequel of an existing OPORD. A FRAGORD provides brief and specific directions that address only those parts of the original order that have changed. This allows for flexibility and adaptability in the execution of military operations.

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84. Persistence falls under which category?

Explanation

Persistence falls under the category of Tenent of Air and Space Power. Persistence refers to the ability of air and space forces to maintain continuous operations over time, ensuring a sustained presence and the ability to respond to emerging threats. This tenent emphasizes the importance of maintaining a persistent presence in the air and space domain to achieve strategic objectives.

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85. Induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behaviors favorable to the originator's objectives.

Explanation

Military information support operations (MISO) involve the use of various techniques to influence foreign audiences and shape their attitudes and behaviors in a way that aligns with the objectives of the originator. This can include dissemination of information, psychological operations, and other forms of communication to induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behaviors that are favorable to the originator. MISO is an important tool in military deception and electronic warfare, as it helps in manipulating the perception and actions of the target audience.

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86. Is the proper application of a coordinated force across multiple domains can produce effects that exceed the contributions of forces employed individually.

Explanation

The proper application of a coordinated force across multiple domains can produce effects that exceed the contributions of forces employed individually. This means that when different forces work together in a coordinated manner, they can achieve greater results than if they were working independently. This is known as synergistic effects, where the combined effort is greater than the sum of individual efforts. By leveraging the strengths and capabilities of each force and coordinating their actions, a more powerful and effective outcome can be achieved.

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87. Which Marine Air Ground Task force Element is responsible for projecting combat power?

Explanation

The Aviation Combat Element is responsible for projecting combat power. This element consists of various aircraft and aviation units that provide close air support, aerial reconnaissance, and other air operations to support ground forces in combat situations. They play a crucial role in enhancing the overall combat capabilities of the Marine Air Ground Task force.

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88. ____ doctrine is contained in AFDD X-0 series publications and describes more detailed organization of forces and applies the principles of basic doctrine to military actions.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "Operational." Operational doctrine is contained in AFDD X-0 series publications and describes a more detailed organization of forces. It applies the principles of basic doctrine to military actions, providing guidance on how to effectively employ forces in operational-level warfare. This doctrine focuses on the planning and execution of campaigns and major operations, taking into account factors such as command and control, logistics, intelligence, and maneuver.

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89. A baseline amphibious ready group with embarked Marine expeditionary unit (ARG/MEU) includes:

Explanation

The correct answer includes the three main types of ships that make up a baseline amphibious ready group with an embarked Marine expeditionary unit (ARG/MEU): the amphibious assault ship (LHA General purpose & LHD multipurpose), the amphibious transport dock LPD, and the docking landing ship LSD. These ships provide the necessary capabilities for conducting amphibious operations, including the ability to launch and recover aircraft, transport and deploy troops and equipment, and provide direct support for ground forces. Additionally, the answer mentions that up to five surface combatants and a direct support submarine may also be included in the ARG/MEU.

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90. The umbrella term for those regular and Reserve Component Air Force forces, or those units or forces that have since been designated as SOF by the Secretary of Defense.

Explanation

The correct answer is Air Force Special Operation Forces/Command. This term refers to the regular and Reserve Component Air Force forces, as well as units or forces that have been designated as Special Operations Forces (SOF) by the Secretary of Defense. It encompasses all the specialized units and command structures within the Air Force that are involved in special operations and unconventional warfare. These forces are trained and equipped to carry out missions such as counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, and special reconnaissance.

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91. AFSOF are composed of:

Explanation

This answer lists the components that make up AFSOF: Special Tactics Personnel, Aviation Foreign Internal Defense Units, Special Operations aviation units, Dedicated SOF ISR units, and C2, IO, and Combat support functions. These different components work together to form AFSOF and contribute to its overall capabilities and mission.

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92. The _______________ is the aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on information.

Explanation

The information environment refers to the collective entities and systems that are involved in the collection, processing, dissemination, and utilization of information. This includes individuals, organizations, and various systems that interact with information. It encompasses both physical and virtual aspects, making it a comprehensive term to describe the entire ecosystem of information-related activities and entities.

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93. The product for this level can be a COA briefing, command directive, commander's estimate, or a memorandum with a required force list.

Explanation

The question is asking for the correct answer among the given options. The correct answer is "Commander's Estimate" because it is mentioned in the question that the product for this level can be a COA briefing, command directive, commander's estimate, or a memorandum with a required force list. Therefore, the correct answer is Commander's Estimate.

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94. _________ is an OPLAN in abbreviated format that may require considerable expansion or alteration to convert it into a complete and detailed Level 4 OPLAN.

Explanation

A Concept Plan is an OPLAN in abbreviated format that may require considerable expansion or alteration to convert it into a complete and detailed Level 4 OPLAN. This means that a Concept Plan serves as a starting point or a rough outline for developing a more comprehensive and detailed operation plan. It provides a basic framework or concept for the operation, but it still needs to be further developed and expanded to include all the necessary details and specific instructions required for execution.

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95. _________________ is a situation that likely would involve military operations in response to natural and man-made disasters, terrorism, military operations by foreign powers, or other situations as directed by the President or SecDef.

Explanation

A contingency is a situation that likely would involve military operations in response to natural and man-made disasters, terrorism, military operations by foreign powers, or other situations as directed by the President or SecDef.

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96. Involves the least amount of detail and focuses on producing multiple courses of action (COA) to address a contingency.

Explanation

The Commander's Estimate involves the least amount of detail and focuses on producing multiple courses of action (COA) to address a contingency. It is a preliminary analysis conducted by a commander to assess the situation, identify potential COAs, and determine the best course of action to achieve mission objectives. The Commander's Estimate is less detailed compared to other plans such as Concept Plan, Operation Plan, Base Plan, or Basic Plan, as it is primarily focused on generating multiple COAs rather than providing a comprehensive plan.

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97. Who does the CJTF designate to accomplish a specific mission or control SOF in the Joint Operations Area?

Explanation

The CJTF designates the Joint Force Special Operations Component Commander to accomplish a specific mission or control SOF in the Joint Operations Area. This individual is responsible for coordinating and executing special operations activities, ensuring the successful completion of the mission. They have specialized knowledge and expertise in special operations and are designated by the CJTF to lead and direct SOF forces in the operational area.

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98. _______ is a global domain within the information environment

Explanation

Cyberspace is a global domain within the information environment. It refers to the virtual world that is created by computer systems and networks, where information is stored, processed, and communicated. It encompasses all the digital spaces and resources that exist on the internet, including websites, social media platforms, online databases, and more. In this context, cyberspace is considered a global domain because it is accessible to people all over the world and is not limited by physical boundaries.

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99. The dimension where the C2 of military forces is exercised and where the commander's intent is conveyed.

Explanation

The correct answer is the Informational Dimension. In the military, the commander's intent is conveyed and the C2 (command and control) of military forces is exercised through the informational dimension. This dimension involves the dissemination and communication of information, such as orders, plans, and intelligence, to ensure effective coordination and decision-making within the military forces. It includes various communication channels and technologies, such as radios, computers, and satellites, that enable the transmission and exchange of information among military personnel.

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100. ____ is defined as "fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide their actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment in application"

Explanation

Doctrine is defined as "fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide their actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment in application." Doctrine serves as a set of guidelines or principles that military forces follow in order to achieve their objectives. It provides a framework for decision-making and actions, but also allows for flexibility and adaptability based on the specific circumstances and judgment of military personnel.

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101. When is planning for a campaign appropriate?

Explanation

Planning for a campaign is appropriate when the contemplated military operations exceed the scope of a single operation. This means that when the military objectives are complex and require coordination and execution of multiple operations, a campaign plan is necessary. A campaign plan allows for a comprehensive and coordinated approach, considering various factors such as resources, logistics, and contingencies. It ensures that all aspects of the military operations are well thought out and synchronized to achieve the desired objectives.

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102. Issued by the CJCS and/or commander, is a planning directive that initiates the development and evaluation of military COAs by a supported commander and requests that the supported commander submit a commander's estimate. If the order contains the deployment of forces, SecDef's authorization is required...

Explanation

A WARNORD, or Warning Order, is a planning directive issued by the CJCS (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff) or commander that initiates the development and evaluation of military COAs (Courses of Action) by a supported commander. It also requests that the supported commander submit a commander's estimate. If the order includes the deployment of forces, the authorization of the Secretary of Defense (SecDef) is required. Therefore, a WARNORD serves as an early notification to commanders about potential upcoming operations or missions, allowing them to begin planning and preparation.

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103. Within military operations, ___ may be expressed not only in terms of objectives, but also in rules of engagement, what we may or may not strike, or under what circumstances we may strike particular targets.

Explanation

The correct answer is policy. In military operations, policy refers to the guidelines and rules that dictate how and when certain actions can be taken. This includes objectives, rules of engagement, and restrictions on what can be targeted. Policy helps to ensure that military actions are carried out in a consistent and controlled manner, aligned with the overall goals and values of the organization. Strategy, on the other hand, refers to the larger plan or approach to achieve those objectives, while doctrine refers to the principles and beliefs that guide military operations.

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104. What do Tempo bands accomplish?

Explanation

Tempo bands accomplish the goal of ensuring that Airmen do not deploy for longer periods or beyond their capabilities. They also help in aligning AEF battle rhythms and providing increased predictability of vulnerability periods. Additionally, tempo bands ensure that functional capabilities are aligned with deploy-to-dwell ratios. They do not make Airmen vulnerable for deployment based on the need for their capabilities by Combatant Commanders. Finally, tempo bands do not provide Air Force command and control mechanisms.

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105. There are three types of joint forces:

Explanation

The correct answer is Subordinate unified command, Joint task force, Combatant Command. This answer correctly lists the three types of joint forces in the order of their hierarchy. A subordinate unified command is a military command that is under the authority of a combatant command. A joint task force is a temporary organization formed to carry out a specific mission or operation. And a combatant command is a unified military command that has a broad and continuing mission.

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106. __________ translates strategic guidance and direction into campaign plans, contingency plans and operation orders (OPORDs).

Explanation

Planning is the correct answer because it is the process of translating strategic guidance and direction into specific plans and orders. It involves determining objectives, identifying resources, and developing a course of action to achieve those objectives. Through planning, strategic guidance and direction are transformed into concrete campaign plans, contingency plans, and operation orders (OPORDs) that provide detailed instructions for executing military operations.

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107. Principles of mass and economy of force deal directly with concentrating overwhelming power at the right time and the right place (or places). Airmen should guard against the inadvertent dilution of airpower effects resulting from high demand.

Explanation

The principle of concentration is the correct answer because it directly addresses the idea of concentrating overwhelming power at the right time and the right place. This principle emphasizes the importance of focusing resources and efforts in order to maximize their effectiveness. Airmen should be cautious of diluting the effects of airpower due to high demand, and instead concentrate their efforts to achieve the desired outcome.

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108. What is the largest AETF and consists of multiple Air Expeditionary Wings (AEW)?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Numbered Expeditionary Air Force". This is the largest AETF (Air Expeditionary Task Force) that consists of multiple Air Expeditionary Wings (AEW). A Numbered Expeditionary Air Force is a temporary organization that is responsible for managing and commanding air operations in a specific area or theater of operations. It is formed by combining various Air Expeditionary Wings, which are smaller operational units that provide specific capabilities and support for military operations.

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109. How many special operations core activities are there?

Explanation

There are 12 special operations core activities.

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110. Special Operations are characterized by one or more of the following:

Explanation

Special Operations are characterized by their time-sensitivity, as they often need to be executed quickly and efficiently. They also involve working with or through indigenous forces, utilizing their knowledge and capabilities to achieve mission objectives. Special Operations are often clandestine or covert in nature, meaning they are conducted in secret or with a high level of discretion. They require low visibility, meaning they are carried out with minimal attention or public awareness. Special Operations also demand a greater understanding of regional orientation and cultural expertise, as they often operate in unfamiliar territories. Lastly, Special Operations involve a higher degree of risk due to the nature of their missions and the potential for encountering hostile situations.

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111. Which Marine Air Ground Task force Element is responsible for supporting continued readiness and sustainability?

Explanation

The Logistics Combat Element is responsible for supporting continued readiness and sustainability. This element provides logistical support to the Marine Air Ground Task Force, ensuring that necessary resources, supplies, and equipment are available to maintain operational effectiveness. They handle tasks such as transportation, maintenance, supply, and distribution, ensuring that the other elements have the necessary support to carry out their missions.

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112. What are CCMD campaign plans also knowns as?

Explanation

CCMD campaign plans are also known as functional campaign plans and theater campaign plans. These plans outline the specific strategies and actions that a Combatant Command will take to achieve their objectives in a particular region or functional area. Functional campaign plans focus on specific military functions such as logistics or intelligence, while theater campaign plans focus on specific geographic regions. These plans help to coordinate and synchronize military operations and resources to achieve mission success.

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113. How does a Combatant commander request support outside of an AEF deployment for forces not already assigned in order to accomplish the assigned mission?

Explanation

A Combatant commander can request support outside of an AEF deployment for forces not already assigned in order to accomplish the assigned mission by submitting a "Request For Forces" (RFF). This RFF is a formal document that outlines the specific requirements and capabilities needed to complete the mission. It is submitted to higher headquarters or the appropriate authority, who will then review and assess the request before making a decision on whether to allocate the requested forces. The RFF allows for flexibility and adaptability in sourcing the necessary resources to successfully carry out the mission.

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114. _______ defines how operations should be conducted to accomplish national policy objectives. It is the continuous process of matching ends, ways, and means to accomplish desired goals within acceptable levels of risk.

Explanation

Strategy is the correct answer because it refers to the process of determining how operations should be conducted in order to achieve national policy objectives. It involves aligning the ends (desired goals), ways (methods or approaches), and means (resources) in a continuous manner to ensure that the desired goals are accomplished while managing acceptable levels of risk. Strategy provides a framework for decision-making and guides the overall direction and actions of an organization or government.

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115. Levels of Doctrine Air Force _____ doctrine is codified as tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) in Air Force TTP (AFTTP) 3-1 series manuals.

Explanation

The correct answer is "tactical." This is because the question is asking about the levels of doctrine in the Air Force, and it states that Air Force tactical doctrine is codified as tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) in Air Force TTP (AFTTP) 3-1 series manuals. This implies that the tactical level of doctrine is specifically addressed in these manuals.

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116. The AETF is presented under the command of a single ______________________.

Explanation

The correct answer is COMAFFOR. The COMAFFOR, or Commander, Air Force Forces, is the single commander who is in charge of the Air Expeditionary Task Force (AETF). This individual has the authority and responsibility to plan, organize, and direct air operations in a specific area of responsibility. They coordinate with other military branches and international partners to ensure the successful execution of airpower missions.

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117. Range of military operations (ROMO) encompasses _____ primary categories.

Explanation

The range of military operations (ROMO) encompasses three primary categories.

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118. The ________ dimension includes, but is not limited to, human beings, C2 facilities, newspapers, books, microwave towers, computer processing units, laptops, smart phones, tablet computers, and any other objects that are subject to empirical measurement.

Explanation

The physical dimension includes all tangible objects that can be measured empirically, such as human beings, C2 facilities, newspapers, books, microwave towers, computer processing units, laptops, smartphones, tablet computers, and any other physical objects. This dimension focuses on the physical aspects of the objects rather than their cognitive or informational aspects.

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119. How does the Air Force present the full range of Air Force capabilities to the JTF Commander?

Explanation

The Air & Space Expeditionary Task Force is the correct answer because it is an organizational structure within the Air Force that is specifically designed to present the full range of Air Force capabilities to Joint Task Force (JTF) Commanders. This task force is responsible for organizing, deploying, and sustaining Air Force forces in support of JTF operations. By utilizing this structure, the Air Force is able to effectively showcase its capabilities and provide the necessary support to JTF Commanders.

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120. Airpower exploits the ___ dimension of the operational environment; the electromagnetic spectrum; and time to leverage speed, range, flexibility, precision, tempo, and lethality to create effects from and within the air, space, and cyberspace domains.

Explanation

Airpower exploits the third dimension of the operational environment, which refers to the airspace above the ground. This dimension allows air forces to operate and maneuver freely, providing them with advantages such as increased speed, range, flexibility, precision, tempo, and lethality. By leveraging this dimension along with the electromagnetic spectrum and time, airpower can create effects both from and within the air, space, and cyberspace domains.

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121. The planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals.

Explanation

The correct answer is Military information support operations. This is because military information support operations involve planned operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences in order to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately their behavior. This is done with the aim of influencing foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals.

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122. _____ doctrine describes the proper employment of specific Air Force assets, individually or in concert with other assets, to accomplish detailed objectives

Explanation

The correct answer is "Tactical." The term "tactical" refers to the use of specific Air Force assets in order to achieve specific objectives. It involves the detailed planning and execution of military operations on a smaller scale, focusing on the immediate objectives and the use of specific resources. This doctrine guides the proper employment of these assets, whether individually or in coordination with other assets, to achieve these detailed objectives.

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123. ___ direct military operations toward a defined and attainable objective that contributes to strategic, operational, and tactical aims

Explanation

The term "objective" refers to a specific and achievable goal that contributes to strategic, operational, and tactical aims. In military operations, having a clear objective is crucial as it allows for focused and coordinated efforts towards a common purpose. By directing military operations towards a defined and attainable objective, the offensive side can effectively plan and execute their actions, increasing their chances of success and minimizing risks. This ensures that all efforts are aligned and contribute to the overall mission and desired outcomes.

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124. Allows airpower to exploit mass and maneuver simultaneously.

Explanation

Flexibility allows airpower to adapt and respond to changing situations and objectives. It enables the simultaneous use of mass and maneuver, allowing for the effective utilization of resources and the ability to exploit opportunities as they arise. With flexibility, airpower can adjust its tactics, strategies, and operations to achieve the desired outcomes, making it a crucial factor in maximizing the effectiveness of airpower.

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125. Airpower's exceptional speed and range allow its forces to visit and revisit wide ranges of targets nearly at will.

Explanation

Airpower's persistence refers to its ability to stay in the air for extended periods of time, allowing it to maintain a constant presence and surveillance over a target area. This persistence enables air forces to monitor and gather intelligence, provide continuous support to ground forces, and strike targets as needed, without the need for frequent refueling or rest. The ability to remain airborne for extended periods enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of air operations, making persistence a crucial advantage of airpower.

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126. The DoD activities that contribute to unified action by the U.S. Government to support the development of the capacity and capability of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions.

Explanation

The correct answer is Security Force Assistance. Security Force Assistance refers to the activities carried out by the Department of Defense (DoD) to support the development of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions. This includes providing training, equipment, and advisory support to help enhance the capacity and capability of these forces. The goal is to strengthen the partner nation's ability to provide security for its own people and contribute to regional stability. Security Force Assistance is an important component of unified action by the U.S. Government in promoting security cooperation and building partner capacity.

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127. Is the ability to employ airpower effectively at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of warfare and provide a wide variety of tasks in concert with other joint force elements.

Explanation

Versatility refers to the ability of airpower to perform a wide range of tasks and adapt to different situations effectively. This means that airpower can be employed in various roles, such as air superiority, close air support, reconnaissance, and airlift, among others. It also highlights the capability of airpower to operate in different environments and against different types of targets. The versatility of airpower allows it to contribute to the overall success of joint force operations by providing support and capabilities across the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of warfare.

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128. Planning at the ____ level of war determines WHAT we will affect, with WHAT courses of action, in WHAT order, for WHAT duration, and with WHAT RESOURCES. Campaigns and major operations are designed, planned, conducted, sustained, assessed, and adapted to accomplish strategic goals within theaters or areas of operations. ___ effects such as air, space, and cyberspace superiority, defeat of enemy surface forces, and isolation of enemy forces in the battlespace, and disruption or destruction of enemy leadership functions are the means with which the operational commander supports the overall strategy. Involve the integration of tactical military missions and engagements to achieve strategic ends

Explanation

Planning at the operational level of war involves determining what actions will be taken, in what order, and for what duration, in order to achieve strategic goals. This level of planning involves integrating tactical military missions and engagements to achieve strategic ends. The operational commander focuses on designing, planning, and conducting campaigns and major operations within theaters or areas of operations. This level of planning also involves considering the resources needed to accomplish the objectives.

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129. Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area.

Explanation

Counterinsurgency refers to activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area. This involves strategies and tactics aimed at countering and defeating an insurgency, which may include military, political, economic, and social measures. Unlike unconventional warfare, counterterrorism, foreign internal defense, and security force assistance, counterinsurgency specifically focuses on addressing and neutralizing insurgent threats to establish stability and security in a region or country.

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130. Process of identifying critical information and subsequently analyzing friendly actions attendant to military operations and other activities.

Explanation

Operations security (OPSEC) is the correct answer because it involves the process of identifying critical information and analyzing friendly actions in order to protect sensitive information from potential adversaries. OPSEC measures are taken to prevent the disclosure of information that could be used by the enemy to gain an advantage or compromise the success of military operations and other activities. It includes practices such as safeguarding classified information, controlling communication channels, and implementing countermeasures against potential threats.

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131. What allows the Air Force to prepare and present forces and capabilities to Combatant Commanders Globally?

Explanation

A force generation construct allows the Air Force to prepare and present forces and capabilities to Combatant Commanders globally. This construct provides a structured framework for organizing, training, and equipping Air Force units to ensure they are ready for deployment and able to meet the demands of combat operations. By implementing a force generation construct, the Air Force can effectively manage its resources and ensure that the right forces are available at the right time and place to support global operations.

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132. Who can establish a JTF?

Explanation

The JTF, or Joint Task Force, can be established by several individuals, including the Sub-unified command commander, Combatant Commander, Secretary of Defense, and the Commander of the Joint Task Force. These individuals have the authority and responsibility to create and deploy a JTF in order to address specific operational requirements or missions.

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133. A directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders for the purpose of effecting the coordinated execution of an operation.

Explanation

An OPORD (Operations Order) is a directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders in order to coordinate and execute an operation. It provides detailed instructions and guidance on how to carry out the mission, including tasks, timelines, and resources required. The OPORD ensures that all units involved are on the same page and working towards a common goal, promoting coordination and efficiency in the execution of the operation.

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134. Participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in any of the action programs taken by another government or other designated organization to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security.

Explanation

Foreign Internal Defense refers to the participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in action programs taken by another government or designated organization to protect its society from various threats. This can include subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other security threats. It involves working alongside the host nation's military and security forces to provide training, advice, and assistance to enhance their capabilities in dealing with internal threats. Foreign Internal Defense is a collaborative effort aimed at strengthening the host nation's ability to maintain security and stability within its borders.

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135. Three Levels of War Addresses the issues of WHY and WITH WHAT we will fight and WHY the enemy fights against us. Effects at the strategic level of war impair the adversary's ability to carry out war or hostilities in general. At this level the U.S. determines national or multinational (alliance or coalition) security objectives and guidance, and uses all national resources to achieve objectives and desired end states.

Explanation

The strategic level of war is the correct answer because it addresses the overall objectives and guidance of a nation or multinational alliance in a conflict. It involves determining national or coalition security objectives and using all available resources to achieve those objectives. This level focuses on impairing the adversary's ability to carry out war or hostilities and ultimately achieving desired end states. The tactical level deals with the actual combat operations and the operational level focuses on the planning and coordination of multiple tactical operations.

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136. A planning directive that provides essential planning guidance and directs the initiation of plan development after the directing authority approves a military COA. Does NOT authorize execution of the approved COA.

Explanation

An ALERTORD is a planning directive that provides essential planning guidance and directs the initiation of plan development after the directing authority approves a military COA. However, it does not authorize the execution of the approved COA.

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137. Unlike policy, Doctrine is not directive

Explanation

Doctrine refers to a set of beliefs or principles that guide a person or organization's actions. Unlike policy, which provides specific directives or rules to follow, doctrine is more general and provides a framework for decision-making. Therefore, it can be said that doctrine is not directive in nature. Hence, the correct answer is true.

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138. _____ provides friendly forces the ability to collect, control, exploit, and defend information without effective opposition.

Explanation

Information Operations refers to the activities undertaken to collect, control, exploit, and defend information without effective opposition. This includes activities such as psychological operations, computer network operations, and electronic warfare. By conducting Information Operations, friendly forces can gain an advantage by manipulating information, disrupting enemy communications, and protecting their own information. This allows them to gather intelligence, deceive the enemy, and maintain operational security, ultimately enhancing their overall effectiveness on the battlefield.

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139. Describes the Concept of Operations (CONOPS), major forces, concepts of support, and anticipated timelines for completing the mission.

Explanation

The base plan is the most appropriate answer because it encompasses the description of the Concept of Operations (CONOPS), major forces, concepts of support, and anticipated timelines for completing the mission. The base plan serves as the foundation for the overall operation and provides a comprehensive outline of how the mission will be executed.

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140. Identifies the force requirements, functional support, and resources required to execute the plan and provide closure estimates for their flow into the theater. When directed by the President or SecDef through the CJCS, CCDRs convert level 1, 2, and 3 plans into level 4 OPLANs or into fully developed OPORDs for execution.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "Operation Plan". The explanation for this answer is that an operation plan is a detailed plan that identifies the force requirements, functional support, and resources needed to execute a military operation. It provides closure estimates for the flow of these requirements into the theater. In this context, when directed by the President or SecDef through the CJCS, CCDRs convert level 1, 2, and 3 plans into level 4 OPLANs or fully developed OPORDs for execution. Therefore, an operation plan is the most appropriate term to describe the given description.

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___ nature and scope of some missions may require joint forces to...
Marine Air Ground Task Forces consist of Four Elements:
____ warfare is characterized as a violent struggle for domination...
Often the military is not the sole, or even the lead, agency in...
Encompasses the minds of those who transmit, receive, and respond to...
Which Marine Air Ground Task force Element is responsible for seizing...
____ doctrine, as it applies to airpower in joint operations,...
In order to reduce the threat to U.S. forces and to enable them to...
SOF support U.S. government efforts to curtail the development,...
Military doctrine is authoritative.
___- concentrate the effects of combat power at the most advantageous...
Disciplined application of military force appropriate to the...
What is composed of significant elements, assigned or attached, of two...
A series of related military operations aimed at accomplishing...
Who does the CJTF designate to establish unity of command and unity of...
The relationship that results from a formal agreement between two or...
Who does the CJTF designate to exercise command and control over land...
_______________ are branches of campaign plans that are planned for...
The president always retains and cannot relinquish this authority over...
____ doctrine outlines Service capabilities and guides the application...
___ is the aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that...
What consists of the interdependent network of information technology...
Encompasses the patient, resolute, and persistent pursuit of national...
Comprehensive civilian and military efforts designed to simultaneously...
_________________ organize to conduct decisive action, which is the...
_____ presents considerations on how to accomplish military goals and...
The dimension represents the content of the information used by the...
Provides SecDef with military COAs to meet a potential contingency....
__________ combat opportunity, necessity, effectiveness, efficiency,...
What is the purpose of a CCMD campaign?
Actions taken directly against terrorist networks, and indirectly to...
Physical areas ___ described as the atmosphere, beginning at the...
Commanders should establish clear priorities for the use of airpower....
___________________ are a proven means of integrating the...
____ - seize, retain, and exploit the initiative
Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military,...
____- avoiding unnecessary complexity in organizing, preparing,...
Which operations are by forces of two or more nations, usually...
_____ ongoing activities establish, shape, maintain, and refine...
The integrated employment, during military operations, of...
_____- never permit the enemy to acquire unexpected advantage.
Policy is guidance that is ____ or ____, stating what is to be...
___ consists of the oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal...
____________, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, is...
DoD activities conducted outside the United States and its territories...
___ operations can range from an independent, small-scale, noncombat...
____ doctrine is the most fundamental and enduring beliefs that...
____ warfare is defined in JP 1-02 as "a violent struggle among state...
An arrangement between two or more nations for common action....
Information environment also includes _____.
Potential extends from military engagement, security cooperation, and...
Is an incident or situation that typically develops rapidly and...
____- places the enemy in a position of disadvantage through the...
Because of airpower's unique potential to directly affect the...
___ corresponds to the space domain, where electromagnetic radiation,...
This is vital as differences in doctrine, organization, equipment,...
Military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed...
Forces participating in a multinational operation will always have at...
___________________, Air Force Basic Doctrine, Organization, and...
____ is a fundamental construct that helps relate military activities...
____________________ have unique and incomparable warfighting...
Normally negotiated between the participating nations and can vary...
Complete and detailed plan containing a full description of the...
___ ensures concentration of effort _for every objective under one...
___- leverages the security principle by attacking the enemy at a...
Which group is "assigned in direct support, operating in mutual...
_____ is the range of all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
Deals with HOW we fight. Military actions occur almost entirely at the...
___ area of the Earth's surface ending at the high water mark and...
____ - judicious employment and distribution of forces
CCMD campaign plans implement the military portion of national policy...
At the national level, _____ may be expressed in such broad vehicles...
Every ________________, a new _____________ AEF schedule will be...
The three types of Brigade Combat Teams are:
______ , properly applied, often can provide a 70-, 80-, or even...
A baseline Carrier Strike group consists of:
Enhance the relationship between military forces and civil authorities...
A directive to implement an approved military CONOPS Only the...
What is the the cumulative effect of dominance in the air, land,...
______________________ require unique modes of employment, tactics,...
______ is a guide to action, not a set of fixed rules; it recommends,...
A planning directive that provides essential planning guidance and...
A modification to any previously issued order. Issued as needed to...
Persistence falls under which category?
Induce or reinforce foreign attitudes and behaviors favorable to the...
Is the proper application of a coordinated force across multiple...
Which Marine Air Ground Task force Element is responsible for...
____ doctrine is contained in AFDD X-0 series publications and...
A baseline amphibious ready group with embarked Marine expeditionary...
The umbrella term for those regular and Reserve Component Air Force...
AFSOF are composed of:
The _______________ is the aggregate of individuals, organizations,...
The product for this level can be a COA briefing, command directive,...
_________ is an OPLAN in abbreviated format that may require...
_________________ is a situation that likely would involve military...
Involves the least amount of detail and focuses on producing multiple...
Who does the CJTF designate to accomplish a specific mission or...
_______ is a global domain within the information environment
The dimension where the C2 of military forces is exercised and where...
____ is defined as "fundamental principles by which the military...
When is planning for a campaign appropriate?
Issued by the CJCS and/or commander, is a planning directive that...
Within military operations, ___ may be expressed not only in terms of...
What do Tempo bands accomplish?
There are three types of joint forces:
__________ translates strategic guidance and direction into campaign...
Principles of mass and economy of force deal directly with...
What is the largest AETF and consists of multiple Air Expeditionary...
How many special operations core activities are there?
Special Operations are characterized by one or more of the following:
Which Marine Air Ground Task force Element is responsible for...
What are CCMD campaign plans also knowns as?
How does a Combatant commander request support outside of an AEF...
_______ defines how operations should be conducted to accomplish...
Levels of Doctrine Air Force _____ doctrine is codified as tactics,...
The AETF is presented under the command of a single...
Range of military operations (ROMO) encompasses _____ primary...
The ________ dimension includes, but is not limited to, human beings,...
How does the Air Force present the full range of Air Force...
Airpower exploits the ___ dimension of the operational environment;...
The planned operations to convey selected information and indicators...
_____ doctrine describes the proper employment of specific Air Force...
___ direct military operations toward a defined and attainable...
Allows airpower to exploit mass and maneuver simultaneously.
Airpower's exceptional speed and range allow its forces to visit and...
The DoD activities that contribute to unified action by the U.S....
Is the ability to employ airpower effectively at the strategic,...
Planning at the ____ level of war determines WHAT we will affect, with...
Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to...
Process of identifying critical information and subsequently analyzing...
What allows the Air Force to prepare and present forces and...
Who can establish a JTF?
A directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders for the...
Participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in any...
Three Levels of War Addresses the issues of WHY and WITH WHAT we will...
A planning directive that provides essential planning guidance and...
Unlike policy, Doctrine is not directive
_____ provides friendly forces the ability to collect, control,...
Describes the Concept of Operations (CONOPS), major forces, concepts...
Identifies the force requirements, functional support, and resources...
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