Remedial Pts Kimia IPA
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Hukum Kekalan Energi merupakan hukum dasar pada termokimia yg dikenal juga dengan……
- A.
Hukum 0 Termodinamika
- B.
Hukum 1 Termodinamika
- C.
Hukum 2 Termodinamika
- D.
Hukum 3 Termodinamika
- E.
Hukum 4 Termodinamika
Correct Answer
B. Hukum 1 TermodinamikaExplanation
The correct answer is "Hukum 1 Termodinamika" because the Law of Conservation of Energy, or Hukum Kekalan Energi, is one of the fundamental laws in thermodynamics. It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed from one form to another. This law is also known as the First Law of Thermodynamics.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Di dalam gelas kimia dilakukan pelarutan padatan NaOH menggunakan air. Pada reaksi tersebut ternyata terjadi kenaikan suhu. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, yang merupakan sistem adalah …
- A.
Gelas kimia
- B.
Suhu udara
- C.
Tekanan udara
- D.
Padatan NaOH dan air
- E.
Tabung reaksi
Correct Answer
D. Padatan NaOH dan airExplanation
The correct answer is Padatan NaOH dan air. This is because the given scenario describes the dissolution of solid NaOH in water, which is an example of a chemical reaction. During this reaction, energy is released in the form of heat, causing an increase in temperature. The system in this case refers to the substances involved in the reaction, which are the solid NaOH and the water.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Jika reaksi antara logam magnesium dan asam klorida encer tersebut dilakukan pada tabung reaksi yang tersumbat dengan rapat, gas hidrogen (materi) di dalam sistem tidak dapat terjadi pertukaran. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, tabung reaksi yang tersumbat termasuk ke dalam sistem …
- A.
Tertutup
- B.
Kalor
- C.
Terbuka
- D.
Energi
- E.
Terisolasi
Correct Answer
A. TertutupExplanation
The correct answer is "Tertutup" because in a closed system, no matter can enter or leave the system. In this case, since the gas hydrogen cannot escape or be exchanged with the surroundings, it indicates that the reaction is occurring in a closed system.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Peristiwa yang mungkin terjadi pada sistem terisolasi……
- A.
Terjadi perpindahan kalor dan zat antara lingkungan dan sistem
- B.
Terjadi perpindahan kalor tanpa ada zat yang berpindah (keluar-masuk)
- C.
Tidak terjadi perpindahan kalor maupun zat antara lingkungan dan sistem
- D.
Terjadi perpindahan zat tanpa ada kalor yang berpindah (keluar-masuk)
- E.
Tidak terjadi penambahan zat dan terjadi kenaikan suhu
Correct Answer
C. Tidak terjadi perpindahan kalor maupun zat antara lingkungan dan sistemExplanation
The correct answer suggests that there is no transfer of heat or matter between the system and the surroundings. In other words, the system is completely isolated and does not interact with its environment in terms of heat or substance exchange.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Pada pembentukan 1 mol air dari unsur-unsur pembentuknya dibebaskan kalor sebesar 285 kJ/mol. Persamaan termokimia untuk reaksi……
- A.
2H2(g)+ O2(g) → 2H2O(l) ∆Hf° = -285 kJ/mol
- B.
2H2(g)+ O2(g) → 2H2O(l) ∆Hf°= 285 kJ/mol
- C.
H2(g)+ 1/2O2(g) → 2H2O(l) ∆Hf° = -285 kJ/mol
- D.
H2O(l) → H2O(g) ∆Hf° = 285 kJ/mol
- E.
2H2O(l) → H2(g)+ 1/2O2(g) ∆Hf° = -285 kJ/mol
Correct Answer
C. H2(g)+ 1/2O2(g) → 2H2O(l) ∆Hf° = -285 kJ/molExplanation
The correct answer is H2(g)+ 1/2O2(g) → 2H2O(l) ∆Hf° = -285 kJ/mol. This is the correct answer because it represents the formation of 1 mol of water from its constituent elements, hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2). The coefficient of 1/2 in front of O2 indicates that only half a mole of O2 is required for the reaction. The negative sign in front of the enthalpy change (∆Hf°) indicates that the reaction is exothermic, meaning that heat is released during the formation of water. The value of -285 kJ/mol represents the amount of heat released per mole of water formed.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Perhatikan reaksi berikut 1/2N2(g)+ 2H2(g)+ 1/2Cl2(g) → NH4Cl(s) ∆Hf°= -314,4 kJ/mol Dibawah ini manakah pernyataan yang kurang tepat dari reaksi tersebut……
- A.
Dalam reaksi pembentukan NH4Cl terjadi pelepasan kalor sebesar -314,4 kJ
- B.
Senyawa NH4Cl yang terbentuk dalam keadaan gas
- C.
Reaksi pembentukan NH4Cl akan mengakibatkan lingkungan sekitar terasa panas
- D.
Nilai perubahan entalpi berlaku untuk pembentukan 1 mol senyawa NH4Cl
- E.
Reaksi pembentukan NH4Cl termasuk reaksi eksoterm
Correct Answer
D. Nilai perubahan entalpi berlaku untuk pembentukan 1 mol senyawa NH4ClExplanation
The given statement is incorrect because the enthalpy change (-314.4 kJ/mol) applies to the formation of 1/2 mol of NH4Cl, not 1 mol. The reaction equation shows that 1/2 mol of N2, 2 mol of H2, and 1/2 mol of Cl2 are required to form 1 mol of NH4Cl. Therefore, the enthalpy change should be multiplied by a factor of 2 to apply to the formation of 1 mol of NH4Cl.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Perhatikan diagram berikut Berikut ini pernyataan yang kurang tepat mengenai diagram energi diatas adalah…. (Ar H=1, O=16)
- A.
Perubahan entalpi pembentukan air adalah -285 kJ/mol
- B.
Untuk menguapkan 1 mol air dibutuhkan energi sebesar 43 kJ/mol
- C.
Pada proses pengembunan uap air energi yang dilepaskan sebesar 43 kJ/mol
- D.
Perubahan entalpi untuk membentuk uap air adalah -242 kJ/mol
- E.
Untuk menguapkan 36 gram air dilepaskan energi sebesar 43 kJ/mol
Correct Answer
E. Untuk menguapkan 36 gram air dilepaskan energi sebesar 43 kJ/molExplanation
The statement "Untuk menguapkan 36 gram air dilepaskan energi sebesar 43 kJ/mol" is incorrect because it states that 36 grams of water releases 43 kJ/mol of energy, which is not possible. The energy released during vaporization is dependent on the number of moles of water, not the mass. Therefore, the statement should be corrected to "Untuk menguapkan 1 mol air dilepaskan energi sebesar 43 kJ/mol."Rate this question:
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- 8.
Dibawah ini yang merupakan contoh reaksi endoterm dalam kehidupan sehari-hari adalah….
- A.
Respirasi
- B.
Api Unggun
- C.
Fotosintesis
- D.
Pembakaran kertas
- E.
Melarutkan detergen bubuk dalam air
Correct Answer
C. FotosintesisExplanation
Fotosintesis adalah contoh reaksi endoterm dalam kehidupan sehari-hari karena reaksi ini membutuhkan energi dalam bentuk cahaya matahari untuk dapat terjadi. Dalam proses fotosintesis, tumbuhan menggunakan energi cahaya matahari untuk mengubah air dan karbon dioksida menjadi glukosa dan oksigen. Reaksi ini memerlukan energi tambahan dari lingkungan sekitarnya, sehingga termasuk dalam reaksi endoterm.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Manakah yang bukan merupakan ciri-ciri endoterm…….
- A.
Kalor bergerak dari lingkungan ke sistem
- B.
Energi sistem bertambah
- C.
Suhu lingkungan bertambah
- D.
∆H awal < ∆H akhir
- E.
Di akhir reaksi kalor sistem dan kalor lingkungan sama
Correct Answer
C. Suhu lingkungan bertambahExplanation
The correct answer is "Suhu lingkungan bertambah." This is because an endothermic reaction is a reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings, causing the temperature of the surroundings to decrease. In other words, the heat moves from the surroundings to the system, resulting in an increase in the system's energy and a decrease in the temperature of the surroundings. Therefore, the statement "Suhu lingkungan bertambah" contradicts the characteristics of an endothermic reaction.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Perhatikan diagram energi berikut Dari diagram berikut, manakah pernyataan yang benar……
- A.
H produk > H reaktan
- B.
∆H bernilai poisitif
- C.
Reaksi menyerap energi
- D.
Energi pada sistem berkurang
- E.
Suhu pada sistem bertambah
Correct Answer
D. Energi pada sistem berkurangExplanation
According to the given information, the statement "Energi pada sistem berkurang" is correct. This is because the diagram shows that the energy of the products is lower than the energy of the reactants, indicating a decrease in energy within the system.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Perhatikan berbagai hasil percobaan berikut.
- Serbuk NH4Cl + serbuk Ca(OH)2, menghasilkan gas berbau tidak sedap disertai penurunan suhu
- Pita magnesium + larutan H2SO4, pita magnesium larut disertai kenaikan suhu
- Kapur CaO + air, dari hasil reaksi ini akan terasa panas di bila tangan menyentuh gelas kimia
- Gas N2O4 yang tidak berwarna berubah menjadi cokelat jika dipanaskan; jika pemanasan dihentikan perlahan-lahan kembali tidak berwarna
- A.
(1) dan (3)
- B.
(1) dan (4)
- C.
(2) dan (4)
- D.
(2) dan (3)
- E.
(3) dan (4)
Correct Answer
D. (2) dan (3)Explanation
The correct answer is (2) and (3). In option (2), the reaction between magnesium and H2SO4 is exothermic because it releases heat, causing an increase in temperature. In option (3), the reaction between CaO and water is also exothermic because it releases heat, causing the glass container to feel hot when touched.Rate this question:
- 12.
Pernyataan yang benar tentang entalpi adalah …
- A.
Total energi yang dimiliki oleh sistem
- B.
Kandungan kalor zat atau sistem
- C.
Kalor reaksi yang berlangsung pada tekanan tetap
- D.
Kalor reaksi yang berlangsung pada volume tetap
- E.
Perpindahan energi dari sistem ke lingkungan atau sebaliknya
Correct Answer
E. Perpindahan energi dari sistem ke lingkungan atau sebaliknyaExplanation
The correct answer is "Perpindahan energi dari sistem ke lingkungan atau sebaliknya." Entalpi is a thermodynamic property that represents the total energy of a system, including both its internal energy and the work done on or by the system. It is also a measure of the heat content of a substance or system. The statement "Perpindahan energi dari sistem ke lingkungan atau sebaliknya" refers to the transfer of energy between the system and its surroundings, which is a key aspect of enthalpy.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Yang manakah pernyataan dibawah yang merupakan pengertian perubahan entalpi pembakaran standar……
- A.
Kalor yang dibutuhkan untuk membakar 1 mol zat
- B.
Kalor yang dilepaskan untuk membakar 1 mol zat
- C.
Kalor yang dibutuhkan atau yang dilepaskan untuk membakar 1 mol zat
- D.
Kalor yang dibutuhkan atau yang dilepaskan untuk membakar 1 mol zat menjadi unsur-unsur pembentuknya
- E.
Kalor yang dilepaskan untuk membakar 1 mol zat menjadi unsur-unsur pembentuknya
Correct Answer
B. Kalor yang dilepaskan untuk membakar 1 mol zatExplanation
The correct answer is "Kalor yang dilepaskan untuk membakar 1 mol zat". This answer accurately defines the standard enthalpy change of combustion, which refers to the heat released or generated when 1 mole of a substance undergoes complete combustion.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Pernyataan yang benar untuk reaksi : H2(g)+ Cl2(g) →2 HCl(g) ∆H=x kJ adalah …
- A.
Kalor penguraian HCl = x kJ/mol
- B.
Kalor pembentukan HCl = 2x kJ/mol
- C.
Kalor pembakaran HCl = 2x kJ/mol
- D.
Kalor pembakaran HCl = ½x kJ/mol
- E.
Kalor pembentukan HCl = ½x kJ/mol
Correct Answer
E. Kalor pembentukan HCl = ½x kJ/molExplanation
The correct answer is "Kalor pembentukan HCl = ½x kJ/mol". This is because the reaction given is the formation of 2 moles of HCl from H2 and Cl2. The enthalpy change (∆H) for this reaction is x kJ. Therefore, the enthalpy change for the formation of 1 mole of HCl is ½x kJ/mol.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Perhatikan beberapa persamaan berikut
- 2P(s)+ O2(g)+3Cl2(g)→ 2POCl3(g) ∆H= -1150 kJ
- H2(g)+ Cl2(g) →2HCl(g) ∆H= + 184 kJ
- 2P(s)+ 5Cl2(g)→2PCl5(g) ∆H= -640 kJ
- CH4(g)+ O2(g)→ 2CO2(g) + 2H2Og ∆H= - 802 kJ
- A.
1
- B.
1 dan 4
- C.
4
- D.
2 dan 3
- E.
3
Correct Answer
C. 4Explanation
The correct answer is 4 because the reaction 2P(s) + 5Cl2(g) → 2PCl5(g) involves the formation of a compound (PCl5) from its elements (P and Cl2), which is not a combustion reaction. Combustion reactions involve the reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.Rate this question:
- 16.
Suatu proses berlangsung dengan sistem melepas kalor sebesar 8 kJ ke lingkungan dan menerima kerja sebesar 100 J. Perubahan energi dalam sistem adalah …
- A.
-92 kJ
- B.
8,1 kJ
- C.
-7,9 kJ
- D.
92 kJ
- E.
108 kJ
Correct Answer
C. -7,9 kJExplanation
The process releases 8 kJ of heat to the surroundings and receives 100 J of work. To find the change in energy of the system, we need to consider the signs of heat and work. Since heat is released (negative) and work is received (positive), the change in energy is the sum of these two values, which is -7.9 kJ.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Diketahui: ∆Hfo CO2 = -393 kJ/mol ∆Hfo H2O = -285 kJ/mol ∆Hfo C2H2 = +227 kJ/mol Berapa kalor yang dibutuhkan untuk membakar 5,2 gram C2H2? (Ar C = 12 dan H = 1)
- A.
-905 kJ/mol
- B.
-451 kJ/mol
- C.
-1298 kJ/mol
- D.
-844 kJ/mol
- E.
-1129 kJ/mol
Correct Answer
C. -1298 kJ/molExplanation
The given question asks for the amount of heat required to burn 5.2 grams of C2H2. To calculate this, we need to determine the number of moles of C2H2 in 5.2 grams. The molar mass of C2H2 is 26 g/mol (2 * 12 g/mol for carbon + 2 * 1 g/mol for hydrogen). Therefore, the number of moles of C2H2 is 5.2 g / 26 g/mol = 0.2 mol. Since the enthalpy of formation (∆Hfo) of C2H2 is +227 kJ/mol, we can calculate the heat required using the formula: heat = ∆Hfo * moles = +227 kJ/mol * 0.2 mol = -1298 kJ/mol.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Jika diketahui ∆H˚f CO2 = -393 kJ/mol ∆H˚f H2O = -242 kJ/mol ∆H˚f O2 = 0 kJ/mol Berapakah nilai ∆H˚f CH4 jika diketahui persamaan termokimia untuk pembakaran metana adalah sebagai berikut C3H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (g) ∆H = -1017 kJ/mol
- A.
-1130 kJ/mol
- B.
-866 kJ/mol
- C.
+1130 kJ/mol
- D.
+866 kJ/mol
- E.
-171 kJ/mol
Correct Answer
A. -1130 kJ/molExplanation
The given equation represents the combustion of methane (CH4). In the reaction, 1 mole of methane is burned to produce 1 mole of carbon dioxide (CO2) and 2 moles of water (H2O). The enthalpy change (∆H) for the reaction is given as -1017 kJ/mol. To find the enthalpy of formation (∆H˚f) of methane (CH4), we need to compare the given reaction with the standard enthalpies of formation of the products and reactants. By using the given standard enthalpies of formation for CO2 (-393 kJ/mol) and H2O (-242 kJ/mol), and considering the stoichiometry of the reaction, we can calculate the ∆H˚f of CH4 as -1130 kJ/mol.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Sebanyak 6,2 gram NaOH ( Ar Na=14, O=16, H=1) dimasukkan ke dalam kalorimeter yang berisi 103,8 mL air. Setelah kristal NaOH larut, ternyata suhunya naik dari 24oC menjadi 32 oC. Kalor jenis larutannya 4,2 J/g.K dan kapasitas kalor kalorimetri adalah 12 J/K. Berapakah perubahan entalpi yang menyertai reaksi penetralan tersebut……
- A.
-3,782 kJ/mol
- B.
-3782 kJ/mol
- C.
-18960 kJ/mol
- D.
-18,96 kJ/mol
- E.
-7,584 kJ/mol
Correct Answer
D. -18,96 kJ/molExplanation
The given answer of -18,96 kJ/mol is the correct answer because it represents the change in enthalpy (ΔH) that accompanies the neutralization reaction. The question provides the mass of NaOH (6,2 grams) and the specific heat capacity of the solution (4,2 J/g.K). By using the formula q = mCΔT, where q is the heat absorbed or released, m is the mass, C is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature, we can calculate the heat released by the reaction. Then, by dividing the heat released by the number of moles of NaOH (which can be calculated using the molar mass), we can find the change in enthalpy per mole of NaOH, which is -18,96 kJ/mol.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Direaksikan 50 ml larutan HCl dengan konsentrasi 5 M direaksikan dengan 50 ml larutan KOH dengan konsentrasi 5 M di dalam suatu kalorimeter dan terjadi kenaikan suhu sebesar 7,5oC. Kalor jenis larutan dianggap 4,18 J/g.K dan massa jenis larutan dianggap 1gr/mL. Berapakah besar perubahan entalpi dari reaksi tersebut……
- A.
-12.540 kJ/mol
- B.
-6.270 kJ/mol
- C.
-3.135 kJ/mol
- D.
+12.540 kJ/mol
- E.
+3.135 kJ/mol
Correct Answer
A. -12.540 kJ/molExplanation
The negative sign in front of the enthalpy change indicates that the reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat to the surroundings. The magnitude of the enthalpy change can be calculated using the equation q = m x c x ΔT, where q is the heat released, m is the mass of the solution, c is the specific heat capacity of the solution, and ΔT is the change in temperature. Since the mass of the solution is 100 grams (50 ml x 1 gr/ml), the specific heat capacity is 4.18 J/g.K, and the change in temperature is 7.5oC, we can calculate the heat released. Converting the heat released to kilojoules and dividing by the number of moles of the limiting reactant gives us the enthalpy change in kJ/mol, which is -12.540 kJ/mol.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Perhatikan diagram siklus berikut Dari siklus diatas besar ∆Hfo SO2 adalah…..
- A.
-498 kJ
- B.
-298 kJ
- C.
-596 kJ
- D.
+298 kJ
- E.
+498 kJ
Correct Answer
B. -298 kJExplanation
The correct answer is -298 kJ. This is because the diagram represents the formation of SO2, and the value of ∆Hfo (standard enthalpy of formation) for SO2 is -298 kJ/mol. This means that the formation of one mole of SO2 releases 298 kJ of energy.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Siklus suatu reaksi ditunjukkan dengan diagram berikut Berdasarkan siklus tersebut, nilai ∆H1 adalah …
- A.
-225 kJ
- B.
+105 kJ
- C.
_135 kJ
- D.
-105 kJ
- E.
+225 kJ
Correct Answer
B. +105 kJExplanation
Based on the given diagram, the reaction proceeds in a clockwise direction. This means that the reactants have a lower energy level than the products. The value of ∆H1 represents the energy change for the reaction from reactants to the intermediate state. Since the reaction is endothermic (absorbs heat), the energy level increases. Therefore, the correct answer is +105 kJ, as it represents the increase in energy for the reaction.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Diketahui energi ikatan rata-rata : C - H = 414 kJ/mol C - O = 357 kJ/mol C - C = 346 kJ/mol H - H = 436 kJ/mol C = O = 740 kJ/mol O - H = 464 kJ/mol Perubahan entalpi reaksi
- A.
-2410 kJ
- B.
-241 kJ
- C.
-59 kJ
- D.
+59 kJ
- E.
+2410 kJ
Correct Answer
C. -59 kJExplanation
The given answer of -59 kJ is the correct answer because it represents the change in enthalpy of the reaction. The change in enthalpy is determined by subtracting the sum of the energy of the bonds broken from the sum of the energy of the bonds formed. In this case, the energy of the bonds broken is greater than the energy of the bonds formed, resulting in a negative value. Therefore, the reaction is exothermic, releasing 59 kJ of energy.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Diketahui energi ikatan rata-rata : H - H = 104,2 kkal/mol Cl - Cl = 57,8 kkal/mol H - Cl = 103,2 kkal/mol Kalor yang diperlukan untuk menguraikan 109,5 gram HCl (Ar H = 1, Cl = 35,5 ) adalah …
- A.
22,2 kkal/mol
- B.
66,6 kkal/mol
- C.
44,2 kkal/mol
- D.
86 kkal/mol
- E.
88,8 kkal/mol
Correct Answer
B. 66,6 kkal/molExplanation
The given question asks for the amount of heat required to decompose 109.5 grams of HCl. To solve this, we need to calculate the molar mass of HCl, which is the sum of the atomic masses of hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl). The molar mass of HCl is 1 + 35.5 = 36.5 grams/mol. Next, we use the given average bond energies to calculate the total energy required to break the bonds in 109.5 grams of HCl. The energy required is equal to the molar mass of HCl multiplied by the average bond energy of H-Cl, which is 103.2 kkal/mol. Therefore, the correct answer is 66.6 kkal/mol.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Diketahui reaksi H2(g) + O2(g) → H2O2(l) ∆H = -188 kJ. Jika energi ikatan H – H = 436 kJ/mol, O – H = 464 kJ/mol dan O = O = 500 kJ/mol, maka energi ikatan O – O adalah …
- A.
196 kJ/mol
- B.
224 kJ/mol
- C.
280 kJ/mol
- D.
284 kJ/mol
- E.
340 kJ/mol
Correct Answer
A. 196 kJ/molExplanation
The energy change (∆H) for the reaction is -188 kJ, which means the reaction is exothermic. In the reaction, two H-H bonds are broken (2 x 436 kJ/mol) and two O-H bonds are formed (2 x 464 kJ/mol). Additionally, one O-O bond is formed. To find the energy of the O-O bond, we subtract the energy of the bonds broken from the energy of the bonds formed.
Total energy of bonds broken = 2 x 436 kJ/mol = 872 kJ/mol
Total energy of bonds formed = 2 x 464 kJ/mol + energy of O-O bond
Energy change (∆H) = energy of bonds formed - energy of bonds broken
-188 kJ = (2 x 464 kJ/mol) + energy of O-O bond - 872 kJ/mol
-188 kJ = 928 kJ/mol + energy of O-O bond - 872 kJ/mol
-188 kJ = 56 kJ/mol + energy of O-O bond
Therefore, the energy of the O-O bond is 56 kJ/mol.Rate this question:
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