Community Med

1. Which one of the following is not an example of behavioural causes:

Smoking

Heavy alcohol consumption

Family history of disease

Diabetes

2. Any plan of changing Behavior must take into account several influencing factors, not one.

True

False

3. ** Which one of the following is not an example of Positive behaviors while working with a group:

Joking and making fun

Making suggestions, information, ideas, and reinforce them

Helping make points clear

Responding politely to suggestions

4. Which one of the following is not an example of sporadic infections:

Polio

Meningococcal meningitis

Tetanus

Rabies in the UK

5. Malaria – mosquito ,, clostridium titanus - soil .. These ( respectively) are :

Vector , Reservoir

Reservoir , Vector

Both are Reservoirs

Both are Vectors

6. Prevalence is of little interest if an infectious disease is of long duration like chronic hepatitis B.

True

False

7. Which of the following is missmatched :

Hyperendemic - rocky mountain spotted fever (more than 5%)

Holoendemic - Hepatitis B

Endemic - sickle cell anemia in the middle east

Pandemic – Influenza

8. Which pair of the following is considered as universal confounders:

Gender and Age

Ethnicity and Occupation

Family order and Behavior

Education and HLA type

9. Three elements have to occur to form a carrier state. Which one of these following is wrong :

The presence in the body of the disease agent.

The presence of recognizable symptoms and signs of disease.

The shedding of disease agent in the discharge or excretions

10. Which one of the following about Counseling (one - one or family) is not true

Counseling means choice with force

Counseling is used mostly in family medicine

It includes verbal and non verbal expressions

It gives opportunity to raise awareness

11. Subsequent to behavior that provide reward, incentives, or punishment leading to persistence or extinction of behavior, This is called :

Predisposing factors

Enabling factors

Reinforcing

12. Predisposing factors, Enabling factors, Reinforcing factors.. These three factors we need to consider in :

Epidemiological diagnosis

Social diagnosis

Educational Diagnosis

13. An epizotic is an outbreak (epidemic) of disease in an animal population, e.g. rift valley fever. An Enzotic is an endemic occurring in animals, e.g. bovine TB.

True, False

False, True

BOTH are True

BOTH are False

14. The characteristics of the environment that facilitate action and any skill or resource required to attain specific behavior, are called :

Predisposing factors

Enabling factors

Reinforcing factors

15. The lodgment, development and reproduction of arthropods on the surface of the body or in the clothing, Called:

Contamination

Infection

Infestation

Contagious disease

16. Sickle cell anemia in the middle east is an example of which term :

Epidemic

Endemic

Hyperendemic

Pandemic

17. * Which one of the following is (are) example of Scope of epidemiology

Ristriction of super- radical mastectomy

) Exclusion of Thalidomide

All answers are correct

None of the above

18. Influanzae that is more common in winter is an example of which one of the following trends :

Secular trends

Cyclical trend

Epidemics

Outbreaks

19. According to area maps and spots maps :

Area maps use incidence, while spot maps use number of cases

Area maps use number of cases, while spot maps use incidence

Both use incidence

Both use number of cases

20. Negative punishment is a :

Punishment occurs with the termination of appetitive/good stimulus

Punishment occurs with the onset of aversive stimulus

It is not immediate

21. The best way to increase awareness is:

Mass media

Community organization

Local media

Lectures

22. Which one of the following terms expresses a high level of infection beginning early in life and affecting most of the child population:

Epidemic

Endemic

Hyperendemic

Holoendemic

23. Which one of the following Diseases is not amenable to elimination in the mean time:

Polio

Measles

Diphtheria

Hepatitis B

24. There are several levels of infection, which one is related to S. aureus in skin and nasopharynx:

Subclinical infection

Colonization

Latent infection

Clinical infection

25. ** Which one of the following about health education is not true:

Health education is The process that bridges the gap between health information (attitudes) and health practices

Superior and inferior method of health education is one of the Health education Fallacies.

26. Number of new cases in a given time period expressed as percent infected per year, called :

Cumulative incidence

Incidence density

Prevalence

27. Which one of the following is applied in Treatment of alcoholism and Smoking cessation :

Negative punishment

Positive punishment

Premack principle

Classical/Pavlovian Conditioning

28. Rabies in the UK is an example of :

Epidemic diseases

Endemic diseases

Hyperendemic diseases

Exotic diseases

29. Which one of the following represents a collection of beliefs that always includes an evaluative aspects; good-bad, positive-negative:

Values

Beleifs

Attitudes

30. -------------- clarification is an important Health education technique that help people to sort through conflicts in their HRV.

Attitudes

Values

Beliefs

31. Which of the following are measured through semantic differential technique:

Attitudes

Values

Beliefs

32. Which of the following is missmatched:

Subclinical infection - polio

Colonization - Tuberculosis

Latent infection - Herpes type 1

Lice or worms - infestation

33. Which one of the following is not a Contagious disease :

Scabies

Trachoma

Leprosy

Ascariasis

34. During the Maintenance stage, the best intermittent schedule is:

Fixed Interval

Variable Interval

Fixed Ratio

Variable Ratio

35. The characteristics of a person or population that antecede the behavior and act as a rationale or motivation for behavior, are called :

Predisposing factors

Enabling factors

Reinforcing factors

36. We don't use RR in the odds ratio because we don't have incidence In case control study. we can only calculate it in Cohort Studies.

Both are false

Both are true

True , False respectively

False , True respectively

37. The next step after making a hypothesis is to test it by collecting data & design studies. These Studies can be :

Both descriptive

) Both analytical

Not necessarily strictly analytical or descriptive

All answers are correct

38. In the Triangle of communicable diseases.. physical environment is included to explain the relationship between this triangle and mental diseases that are related to other medical diseases, so it's an important factor in gaining of communicable diseases.

True

False

39. At which stage of behaviour the schedule of reinforcement should be continous:

Acquisition stage

Maintenance stage

None of the above

40. Physician communication was grouped into 3 main categories. Which one of the following is not an example of Task-related behavior :

Ask questions

Teaching skills

Provides reassurance

Counsel and counsel prevention

41. ** In health we communicate to do all of the following except :

Raise awareness.

Educate.

Persuade.

Treat.

42. Parents can use it as an effective means of helping children overcome problem behaviors :

Positive punishment

Negative punishment

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

43. Parents always apply it with children w/out knowing it :

Positive punishment

Negative punishment

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Premack principle

44. During the Acquisition stage, the best intermittent schedule is:

Fixed Interval

Variable Interval

Fixed Ratio

Variable Ratio

45. Giveing insight on aspects of certain problem that need specific attention and the magnitude of that problem " This indicate which one of the following :

Nominal Group process

Reviewing the literature

The Delphi Method

The Continuum Aprouch

46. Once the behavioral objectives are stated, we need to go to the:

Epidemiological diagnosis

Social diagnosis

Educational Diagnosis

47. For etiological studies which one of the following is not suitable :

RR

OR

AR

48. If the Incidence of MI in Hypertensive patiants is 25/1000 and that in non Hypertensive patiants is 5/1000 then the AR of MI for Hypertensive is :

0.02

0.002

0.8

0.08

49. Knowledge is necessary before a personal health action will occur, it is fully sufficient to initiate action

True

False

50. The Model of communication that proposes that all communication must include six elements, is:

Shannon-Weaver of communication

Berlo’s model of communication

51. If a person wants wo acquire a certain social behaviour he needs to pass through a several steps. The correct order of them is

Attention > Comprehension > Retention > Rehearsal > Adoption and Acquisition of behaviour

Attention > Retention > Adoption and Acquisition of behaviour > Comprehension > Rehearsal

Comprehension > Rehearsal > Adoption and Acquisition of behaviour > Retention > Attention

Attention > Comprehension > Rehearsal > Retention > Adoption and Acquisition of behaviour

52. Which type of intermittent schedule reduces the scalloping effect :

Fixed Interval

Variable Interval

Fixed Ratio

53. Careless handling of dangerous things is suppressed

Positive punishment

Negative punishment

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

54. Physical environment is a source of:

Positive punishment

Negative punishment

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement