17cs403 - Ds Test Your Knowledge

A remote procedure call is a mechanism that allows communication between different processes running on different systems. It enables a process to execute a procedure or function on a remote system as if it were a local procedure call. This facilitates inter-process communication, allowing processes to exchange data and collaborate across different machines or systems.

In a distributed system, if one site fails, it does not necessarily mean that all the sites will stop working. This is because distributed systems are designed to be fault-tolerant, meaning that they can handle failures and continue operating. The remaining sites in the system can continue functioning and serving requests, ensuring that the overall system remains operational even in the presence of failures.

Scalability refers to the ability of a system to handle and adapt to an increased service load. It means that the system can efficiently and effectively accommodate a larger number of users or a higher volume of data without compromising its performance or functionality. This can involve adding more resources such as servers or network bandwidth to the system, or implementing mechanisms to distribute the workload across multiple components. Tolerance, capacity, and none of the mentioned do not specifically address the system's ability to adapt to increased service load, making scalability the correct answer.

In RPC (Remote Procedure Call), a stub is provided on the client side. The stub acts as a proxy for the remote procedure and handles the communication between the client and the server. It marshals the parameters, sends them to the server, and unmarshals the results returned by the server. Each remote procedure has its own separate stub on the client side to handle its specific communication requirements.

A process that is based on IPC mechanism which executes on different systems and can communicate with other processes using message based communication, is called Remote Procedure Call. This mechanism allows a process to invoke a procedure or function on a remote system as if it were a local procedure call, enabling communication and coordination between processes running on different systems.

The local operating system on the server machine passes the incoming packets to the server stub. The server stub is responsible for receiving and processing the incoming packets on the server side. It acts as an intermediary between the network layer and the server process, handling the communication and data transfer between the client and server.

Processes on remote systems are identified by their host name and identifier. The host name is the unique name given to the remote system, while the identifier is a specific value assigned to each process running on that system. This combination of the host name and identifier allows for the precise identification and tracking of processes on remote systems.

A message includes a header that identifies the sending and receiving processes.

The size of messages sent by a process can vary depending on the requirements of the system. They can be of a fixed size if the system has a specific protocol or constraint that requires all messages to be of the same size. On the other hand, they can also be of a variable size if the system allows for flexibility in message sizes based on the content or other factors. Therefore, messages sent by a process can be either fixed or variable sized.

In non-blocking send, the sending process sends the message and resumes operation without waiting for the message to be received. This means that the sending process does not block or pause its execution while waiting for the message to be received by the receiving process. Instead, it continues with its operations immediately after sending the message.

In RPC (Remote Procedure Call), the client is blocked unless it sends an asynchronous request to the server. This means that while the server is processing the call, the client will remain blocked and unable to perform any other tasks unless it explicitly sends an asynchronous request to the server. This allows the client to continue its execution without waiting for the server's response, improving the efficiency and responsiveness of the system.

In a distributed system, each processor has its own local memory and clock. This means that each processor in the system has its own dedicated memory space where it can store and access data locally. Additionally, each processor has its own clock that helps synchronize the operations and timing of the processor. Having both local memory and clock allows each processor to perform independent operations and maintain its own state, while still being able to communicate and coordinate with other processors in the distributed system.

A network operating system runs on a server because it is responsible for managing and coordinating network resources such as files, printers, and security. It provides services to multiple systems connected to the network, allowing them to communicate and share resources efficiently. By running on a server, the network operating system centralizes control and administration, ensuring smooth operation and optimal utilization of network resources.

A remote procedure is uniquely identified by program number, version number, and procedure number. Each remote procedure has a program number that identifies the program it belongs to, a version number that specifies the version of the program, and a procedure number that uniquely identifies the procedure within that program and version. Therefore, all of these mentioned factors are necessary to uniquely identify a remote procedure.

Port identities and capabilities are maintained by the kernel. The kernel is the core component of an operating system that manages system resources and provides services to other software applications. It is responsible for managing processes, memory, input/output devices, and other hardware resources. In the context of port identities and capabilities, the kernel handles the creation, allocation, and management of ports, which are communication endpoints used for inter-process communication. The kernel ensures that processes have the necessary permissions and access rights to use ports and communicate with other processes effectively.

Bounded capacity and unbounded capacity queues are referred to as automatic buffering because they automatically handle the buffering of data. In a bounded capacity queue, there is a limit on the number of items that can be stored in the queue, and when the queue is full, any further attempts to add items will result in blocking or throwing an exception. In an unbounded capacity queue, there is no limit on the number of items that can be stored, and items can be added indefinitely without blocking or throwing an exception. The buffering mechanism in both cases is automatic and does not require any manual intervention.

File replication refers to the process of creating and maintaining multiple copies of a file across different storage devices or locations. This practice offers several advantages, such as improving availability and performance. By having multiple copies of a file, if one copy becomes unavailable or corrupted, users can still access the file from another location. Additionally, file replication can enhance performance by distributing the workload across multiple servers or storage devices, reducing the chances of bottlenecks and improving overall system efficiency. Therefore, file replication is a beneficial strategy for ensuring data availability and optimizing system performance.

RPC (Remote Procedure Call) allows a computer program to cause a subroutine to execute in another address space. This means that the program can invoke a procedure or function that is located on a different computer or in a different process, and have it execute in its own separate memory space. This enables the program to access resources and execute code that may not be available in its own address space, thereby allowing for distributed computing and inter-process communication.

The link between two processes P and Q to send and receive messages is called a communication link. This link allows the processes to exchange information and communicate with each other. It enables the transmission of messages from one process to another, facilitating the coordination and interaction between the processes.

Distributed systems have significant characteristics that can be categorized into three types. These types include transparency, openness, and scalability. Transparency refers to the ability of the system to hide its distributed nature from users and applications. Openness refers to the use of open standards and protocols to enable interoperability. Scalability refers to the system's ability to handle increasing workloads by adding more resources. Therefore, the correct answer is 3 types.

Interprocess communication refers to the exchange of data or information between two separate processes running concurrently on a computer system. It enables processes to share data, synchronize their actions, and coordinate their activities. This communication allows processes to collaborate and interact with each other, facilitating the efficient execution of tasks and the sharing of resources.

The correct answer is seven because the Internet model ISO consists of seven layers. These layers are the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer. Each layer has its own specific functions and protocols that contribute to the overall functionality and communication of the internet.

RPC (Remote Procedure Call) is a communication protocol that allows processes to communicate with each other on different computers connected through a network. This means that RPC can work between processes that are both on the same computer, as well as between processes on different computers connected with a network. Therefore, the correct answer is "on the same computer and also on different computers connected with a network."

Replication transparency refers to the ability to use multiple instances of resources without being aware of their existence. This means that users can access replicated resources as if they were accessing a single resource, without needing to know how the replication is implemented or which instance they are interacting with. This transparency allows for improved performance, fault tolerance, and load balancing in distributed systems.

Both A and B refers to the fact that interprocessor communication can take place through both centralized memory and shared memory. Centralized memory involves a single memory unit that is accessible by all processors, allowing them to communicate by reading and writing to the same memory location. Shared memory, on the other hand, refers to a memory space that is physically distributed among the processors, but can be accessed by all of them. Both of these methods facilitate interprocessor communication, making the answer "Both A and B" correct.