State Board Review ...............................................................................................

In the event of a blood spill during a service, it is important to stop immediately to prevent any further contamination or spread of bloodborne pathogens. This allows for the situation to be assessed and appropriate measures to be taken to ensure the safety of everyone involved. Calling 911 may be necessary depending on the severity of the spill and any potential injuries. Continuing the service without addressing the blood spill would pose a risk to both the service provider and the client. Asking the client what should be done may not be the best course of action as they may not have the necessary knowledge or experience to handle the situation properly.

The items in the dermis that respond to touch, pain, cold, heat, and pressure are sensory nerve endings. These nerve endings are responsible for transmitting signals to the brain when the skin is stimulated by these sensations. They play a crucial role in our ability to perceive and respond to different types of sensory stimuli.

Mitosis is the correct answer because it is the process of cell division in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. During mitosis, the nucleus of the cell divides, and the genetic material is equally distributed between the daughter cells. This process is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms. Cell renewal refers to the replacement of old or damaged cells with new ones, but it is not the specific term used for cell division. Photoplasma is not a term related to cell division, and the nucleus is a cellular organelle involved in controlling cell functions, but it is not the process of cell division itself.

Sebaceous glands produce sebum, which is an oily substance that moisturizes and protects the skin. Sebum is secreted through the hair follicles and helps to keep the skin and hair lubricated. These glands are found all over the body, except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Sebum production can be influenced by hormones, genetics, and other factors, and imbalances in sebum production can lead to skin issues such as acne.

Secondary colors are obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors. In this case, the two primary colors mentioned are red and blue. When these two colors are mixed in equal proportions, they create the secondary color purple.

Trichology is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the scientific study of hair and its diseases. Anatomy, histology, and chemistry are not specific to the study of hair and may encompass a broader range of topics.

Scabies is a contagious disease caused by the itch mite. It is a skin infection that commonly affects humans. The mites burrow into the skin and lay eggs, causing intense itching and a rash. Scabies can spread through close contact with an infected person or by sharing personal items such as clothing or bedding. Treatment usually involves topical creams or oral medications to kill the mites and relieve symptoms.

Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are effective in sunblock because they have the ability to reflect UVB rays from the sun. This reflection prevents the rays from penetrating the skin and causing damage, such as sunburn. Additionally, zinc oxide has healing and soothing properties, which can help to alleviate any discomfort or irritation caused by sun exposure. The presence of sodium in titanium dioxide is unrelated to its effectiveness in sunblock.

Scabies is a contagious disease caused by the itch mite. It is a skin condition that occurs when the mite burrows into the top layer of the skin and lays eggs, leading to intense itching and a rash. It is highly contagious and can spread through close physical contact or by sharing personal items such as clothing or bedding. Treatment usually involves medication to kill the mites and relieve symptoms.

Efficacy refers to the ability to produce an effect. It is the measure of how well a treatment or intervention can achieve its intended outcome or result. In this context, efficacy represents the capacity of a substance or process to produce the desired effect, whether it is in the context of a medication, disinfectant, or any other treatment.

African Americans have a higher amount of melanin in their skin, which provides some natural protection against the sun's harmful UV rays. This melanin helps to slow down the aging process by reducing the damage caused by sun exposure, such as wrinkles, fine lines, and age spots. Therefore, African American skin tends to age at a slower rate compared to other ethnicities.

The mandible is the largest bone in the mouth region. It is commonly known as the lower jawbone and is responsible for the movement of the lower jaw. It forms the lower part of the skull and plays a crucial role in chewing, speaking, and overall facial structure. The ethmoid bone is located between the eyes and does not belong to the mouth region. The maxilla is the upper jawbone and is smaller in size compared to the mandible.

Effleurage is a massage movement that involves gentle, gliding strokes on the skin. It is commonly used to relax and soothe the muscles, including the facial muscles. By applying light pressure and using long, sweeping motions, effleurage helps to increase blood flow, release tension, and promote relaxation in the forehead and other facial areas. This technique is often used at the beginning and end of a massage session to warm up and cool down the muscles.

The body perspires to protect us from overheating. When the body temperature rises, the sweat glands produce sweat, which evaporates from the skin and cools down the body. This process helps regulate body temperature and prevents overheating, which can lead to heat exhaustion or heatstroke.

Leukocytes is another term for white blood cells. Leukocytes are an important part of the immune system and are responsible for fighting off infections and diseases. They are produced in the bone marrow and circulate throughout the body, helping to protect against harmful pathogens.

The most important step for an esthetician in treating acne or blemished skin is the effective removal and cleansing of blemishes. This step is crucial in getting rid of the impurities and excess oil that contribute to acne and blemishes. By properly cleansing and removing these blemishes, the esthetician can help improve the overall condition of the skin and prevent further breakouts.

A macule is a term used to describe a flat spot or discoloration of the skin, such as a freckle. It is a small, non-raised area that is usually a different color than the surrounding skin. A macule can be caused by various factors, including sun exposure, genetics, or certain medical conditions. It is different from a pustule, which is a small raised bump filled with pus, and a cyst, which is a closed sac filled with fluid or semi-solid material. Stain is not the correct term for a flat spot or discoloration of the skin.

Hair and nails are considered appendages of the skin because they are derived from the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. Both hair and nails are made up of a protein called keratin, which provides strength and protection. Hair follicles are located in the dermis, the layer beneath the epidermis, and produce hair strands. Nails, on the other hand, are formed by specialized cells in the nail matrix at the base of the nail bed. These appendages play important roles in protecting the skin and providing sensory functions.

When cleaning a man's face, it is important to clean in the direction of the hair growth. This helps to prevent irritation and ingrown hairs. Cleaning in the opposite direction can cause the hair to be pulled or cut too short, leading to discomfort and potential skin problems. Therefore, it is best to follow the natural direction of the hair growth while cleaning a man's face.

The term "bactericidal" indicates that a product is capable of destroying bacteria. This term is derived from the word "bactericide," which refers to a substance that kills bacteria. Therefore, "bactericidal" is the correct answer as it accurately describes the capability of a product to eliminate or destroy bacteria.

Leukoderma refers to light patches on the skin caused by the destruction of pigment-producing cells. This condition results in the loss of skin color in certain areas, leading to the appearance of light patches.

A lesion is a general term used to describe any mark, wound, or abnormality on the skin. It can refer to a wide range of conditions such as cuts, bruises, sores, or tumors. Lesions can be caused by various factors including injury, infection, or underlying medical conditions. The term "lesion" is a broad and inclusive term that encompasses different types of skin abnormalities, making it the correct answer in this context.

Retinol is a form of Vitamin A. It is a derivative of Vitamin A and is commonly used in skincare products for its anti-aging properties. It helps to improve the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven skin tone. Therefore, the correct answer for the question is Vitamin A.

The term porous means that something is made or constructed of a material that has openings. This means that the material has small holes or spaces that allow liquids or gases to pass through it.

The high frequency modality is made up of glass.

Staphylococci is the correct answer because they are pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They are known to cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.

The Fitzpatrick scale is used to measure the skin's ability to tolerate sun exposure. It categorizes different skin types based on factors such as skin color, reaction to sun exposure, and tanning ability. The scale ranges from Type I (very fair skin that always burns and never tans) to Type VI (very dark skin that never burns and always tans). This scale is commonly used in dermatology and helps determine the appropriate level of sun protection and treatment for individuals based on their skin type.

A thin opening of chapped skin is called a fissure. Fissures are commonly seen in dry and cracked skin, especially in areas like the lips, hands, and feet. They can be painful and may bleed, causing discomfort and irritation. Fissures can be caused by various factors such as dry weather, excessive handwashing, and certain skin conditions. Treatment usually involves keeping the area moisturized and protected, and in severe cases, medical intervention may be required.

The medical term for eye lashes is cilia.

The question asks for the distance between 2 eyes, and the answer given is "1 eye". This means that the distance between 2 eyes is equal to the distance of one eye.

UVB radiation is known as "burning rays" because it can cause burning of the skin. When the skin is exposed to UVB radiation, it can cause sunburns, which is a result of the skin's attempt to repair damage caused by the radiation. Additionally, UVB radiation is also known to increase the risk of skin cancer, further emphasizing its burning effect on the skin.

The human body contains approximately eight to ten pints of blood.

A pH of 9 is 100 times more alkaline than a neutral pH of 7. This is because the pH scale is logarithmic, meaning that each whole number change in pH represents a tenfold difference in acidity or alkalinity. Therefore, a pH of 9 is two whole numbers higher than 7, indicating a difference of 100 times in alkalinity.

The correct answer is Dermis. The dermis is the inner layer of the skin, also known as the true skin. It is located between the epidermis (outer layer) and the subcutaneous layer. The dermis contains various structures such as blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings. It provides support and nourishment to the epidermis and helps regulate body temperature.

Distilled water has a pH of 7.0 because it is neutral. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being the midpoint or neutral point. Distilled water is created through a process of boiling and condensation, which removes impurities and minerals, resulting in a pH of 7.0. This means that distilled water is neither acidic nor alkaline, making it suitable for various applications where a neutral pH is desired.

Seborrhea is a condition characterized by excessive oil production by the sebaceous glands in the skin. This leads to oily skin, which is the correct answer. Dry skin, flaky skin, and scaly skin are not characteristic of seborrhea.

The skin's acid mantle is a protective barrier that helps maintain the skin's pH balance and prevents the growth of harmful bacteria. Sebum, lipids, and sweat are all components of the acid mantle as they contribute to its protective properties. However, blood is not an element of the skin's acid mantle. While blood vessels are present in the skin, blood itself is not a part of the acid mantle.

Hyperproduction of cells causes injected skin to restore itself to its normal thickness. When the skin is injected with substances like Botox, it triggers the body's natural healing response, leading to an increased production of cells in the area. This increased cell production helps to repair and regenerate the skin, restoring it to its normal thickness.

The heart has four chambers, which are the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles. The atria receive blood from the body and lungs, while the ventricles pump blood out to the body and lungs. This division of chambers allows for efficient circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood throughout the body.

Sweat glands are known as sudoriferous glands. These glands are responsible for producing sweat, which helps regulate body temperature and eliminate waste products from the body. Sweat is mainly composed of water, electrolytes, and small amounts of waste products. Sudoriferous glands are found all over the body, with the highest concentration in the palms, soles of the feet, and armpits.

The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and is made up of dead skin cells. It acts as a protective barrier against external elements and constantly sheds and replaces itself through a process called desquamation. This shedding and replacement of cells helps to maintain the integrity and health of the skin.

There are four grades of acne.

When there is damage to the papilla, it can cause the hair growth to be inhibited. The papilla is a structure at the base of the hair follicle that supplies nutrients to the hair bulb, which is responsible for producing new hair cells. If the papilla is damaged, it can disrupt the blood flow and nutrient supply to the hair bulb, leading to inhibited hair growth.

Improper shaving can cause folliculitis, which is the inflammation of hair follicles. This occurs when bacteria enter the hair follicles, leading to red, swollen, and sometimes pus-filled bumps. Improper shaving techniques such as using a dull blade, not cleaning the razor properly, or shaving too closely can increase the risk of developing folliculitis.

Eyeliner is used to make lashes appear thicker and fuller. It is applied along the lash line to create the illusion of denser lashes. By adding definition and depth to the eyes, eyeliner enhances the overall appearance and makes the lashes stand out. It can be used to create different looks, from subtle and natural to bold and dramatic, depending on the desired effect.

Gommage is the correct answer because it refers to an exfoliant that is rolled or massaged off the skin. Gommage is a French term that translates to "to erase" or "to remove," and it is commonly used to describe a type of facial or body scrub that is applied to the skin and then gently rolled or massaged to remove dead skin cells and impurities. This technique is often used in skincare treatments to reveal smoother and brighter skin.

Phototherapy is the use of light to treat certain medical conditions. It has been found that certain plants, when exposed to specific wavelengths of light, can produce therapeutic effects. This is the use of plants for therapeutic purposes, as they are utilized in the process of phototherapy. Hypertropy is not related to the use of plants for therapeutic purposes. Aromatherapy and essential oils are also used for therapeutic purposes, but they are not specifically related to the use of light in treatment.

Natural immunity refers to a resistance to disease that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living. This means that individuals have a certain level of protection against diseases due to their genetic makeup, as well as their lifestyle choices such as maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep. This combination of genetic factors and healthy living practices helps to strengthen the immune system and enhance the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases.

Blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure that removes excess fat and skin from the upper and lower eyelids, reducing the appearance of bagginess. It is commonly performed to improve the aesthetic appearance of the eyes and can also help to improve vision in cases where sagging eyelids obstruct the visual field. Lipo refers to liposuction, which is a procedure used to remove excess fat from various parts of the body, but it is not specifically designed for the eyelids. Eye lid surgery is a broad term that can refer to various procedures performed on the eyelids, including blepharoplasty. Phototherapy is a treatment method that uses light to treat certain skin conditions and is not related to eyelid surgery.

Objective symptoms are those that can be observed and measured by others, such as a doctor or healthcare professional. These symptoms are typically physical in nature and can include things like a rash, fever, or abnormal heart rate. Unlike subjective symptoms, which are based on an individual's personal experience or perception, objective symptoms are more concrete and can be used to make a diagnosis or determine the severity of a condition.