Milady's Standard Cosmetology - Chapter 20

The UV rays of the sun reach the skin in two different forms, UVA and UVB rays. UVA rays are longer in wavelength and can penetrate deeper into the skin, causing premature aging and wrinkling. UVB rays are shorter in wavelength and primarily affect the outer layer of the skin, causing sunburn and increasing the risk of skin cancer. Both UVA and UVB rays can be harmful to the skin, so it is important to protect oneself from exposure to both types of rays.

Acne is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation of the sebaceous glands. It typically presents as pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, or cysts on the face, chest, back, or shoulders. The sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called sebum, which helps to lubricate the skin. However, in acne, the sebaceous glands become overactive, leading to clogged pores and the growth of bacteria. This causes inflammation and the formation of acne lesions. Freckles are small brown spots on the skin, tumors are abnormal growths, and milia are small white bumps. None of these conditions involve inflammation of the sebaceous glands like acne does.

Daily moisturizers or protective lotions should have a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 because SPF, or Sun Protection Factor, measures the level of protection against the sun's harmful UVB rays. An SPF of 15 means that the product can block about 93% of UVB radiation, while higher SPFs provide even more protection. This is important to prevent sunburn, premature aging, and reduce the risk of skin cancer. Therefore, an SPF of 15 is the minimum recommended level for effective sun protection in daily moisturizers or lotions.

Comedones are a type of acne lesion that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. To remove comedones safely, aseptic conditions must be maintained to prevent infection. Extraction procedures involve the use of specialized tools or techniques to gently remove the comedones without causing further damage to the skin. Skin lotions, electric tools, and skin conditioners are not specifically designed for comedone removal and may not provide the necessary aseptic conditions or effectiveness in removing the comedones.

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Wrinkling and sagging of the skin are caused by weakening collagen fibers and elastin fibers. Collagen provides structural support to the skin, while elastin allows the skin to stretch and bounce back. As we age, the production of collagen and elastin decreases, leading to a loss of elasticity and firmness in the skin. This results in the formation of wrinkles and sagging. Therefore, the correct answer is elastin fibers.

A small circumscribed elevation of the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus is known as a papule. A papule is a type of skin lesion that is typically less than 1 centimeter in diameter and is raised above the surrounding skin. It is usually red or pink in color and may be tender or itchy. Unlike a macula, scar, or mole, a papule can develop pus, indicating an inflammatory response in the skin.

Dandruff is the correct answer because it refers to any thin plate of dry or oily epidermal flakes in the scalp area. Scales can also refer to this condition, but dandruff specifically refers to the flakes in the scalp area. Flakes and comedo do not accurately describe this condition.

A salon should not service a client who is suffering from an inflamed skin disorder because it can worsen the condition and cause discomfort or pain to the client. It is important for salons to prioritize the health and safety of their clients, and servicing someone with an inflamed skin disorder can potentially lead to further irritation or infection. It is best for the client to seek medical advice and treatment for their skin condition before receiving any salon services.

Seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammation of the sebaceous glands that results in dry or oily crusting and itchiness. This condition commonly affects areas of the body with a high concentration of sebaceous glands, such as the scalp, face, and upper trunk. It is not related to acne or sebaceous masses, and it is not caused by the bacterium acne. Therefore, the correct answer is seborrheic dermatitis.

Eczema is a skin disease characterized by painful itching and the presence of dry or moist lesions. It requires medical treatment from a physician. Acne is a different skin condition that causes pimples and does not typically require physician intervention. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes red, scaly patches on the skin, and while it may require medical treatment, it is not specifically described as painful or itchy in the question. Cyst is a non-specific term for a fluid-filled sac, which is not mentioned as a characteristic of the skin disease in the question. Therefore, the correct answer is eczema.

The correct answer is tumor. An abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive multiplication of cells and varying in size, shape, and color is referred to as a tumor. This term is commonly used in medical contexts to describe both benign and malignant growths.

A fissure is a term used to describe a crack in the skin that goes deep into the dermis. It is a narrow opening that can be painful and may cause bleeding. Fissures commonly occur in areas of the body that experience repeated movement or pressure, such as the heels, hands, or lips. They can be caused by dryness, excessive moisture, or certain medical conditions. Treatment usually involves keeping the area clean and moisturized, and in severe cases, medical intervention may be necessary.

UVB rays contribute to the body's synthesis of vitamin D, which is essential for the absorption of minerals. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus, which are important minerals for bone health. Without sufficient vitamin D, the body may not be able to properly absorb these minerals, leading to potential deficiencies and health issues. Therefore, UVB rays indirectly contribute to the absorption of minerals by promoting the synthesis of vitamin D.

The American Cancer Society checklist used to recognize skin cancer includes assessing for asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, and diameter of the lesion. These characteristics are important indicators of potential skin cancer.

The correct answer is 80 to 85 percent. This means that the majority of skin aging is caused by the rays of the sun. Sun exposure can lead to the breakdown of collagen and elastin in the skin, causing wrinkles, sagging, and other signs of aging. Protecting the skin from the sun's harmful rays by wearing sunscreen and seeking shade can help prevent premature aging.

Keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible openings are called milia. Milia are small, white or yellowish bumps that commonly occur on the face, particularly around the eyes. They form when dead skin cells become trapped in small pockets near the surface of the skin. Milia are typically harmless and often resolve on their own without treatment. They are commonly seen in newborns, but can also occur in individuals of any age.

Sebum is an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. When a comedo, also known as a blackhead, is exposed to the environment, the sebum inside it reacts with the oxygen in the air. This reaction causes the sebum to undergo oxidation, resulting in a dark or black color. Therefore, the correct answer is "oxidizes".

A dry, scaly skin condition is often caused by a deficiency or absence of sebum, which is a natural oil produced by the skin. This condition can be attributed to factors such as old age or exposure to cold weather. The term used to describe this condition is asteatosis.

UVA rays are deep-penetrating rays that can go through a glass window. These rays are responsible for causing skin aging, such as wrinkles, fine lines, and age spots. They can also contribute to the development of skin cancer. Therefore, the term "aging rays" accurately describes UVA rays and their effects on the skin.

Miliaria rubra is a disorder of the sweat gland caused by excessive exposure to heat. It is commonly known as prickly heat and is characterized by small red bumps on the skin that are accompanied by intense itching and a prickling sensation. This condition occurs when sweat ducts become blocked, leading to the leakage of sweat into the surrounding skin. It is most commonly seen in hot and humid climates, and can be prevented by staying cool and avoiding excessive sweating. Steatoma, anhidrosis, and dermatitis are unrelated conditions and not caused by excessive heat exposure.