Do You Have Basic Idea About Human Skeleton Anatomy?

The proper name for the hip bone is the pelvis. The pelvis is a large, sturdy bone that forms the lower part of the trunk and connects the spine to the lower limbs. It consists of several fused bones, including the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The pelvis provides support and stability to the body and also serves as a protective structure for the internal organs in the pelvic region.

The activity of the epiphyseal plate is the only mechanism by which the diaphysis can increase in length. The epiphyseal plate is a layer of cartilage located at the ends of long bones, such as the femur or humerus. It is responsible for longitudinal growth of the bone. Chondrocytes, which are specialized cells found in the epiphyseal plate, divide and push the epiphysis (the end of the bone) away from the diaphysis (the shaft of the bone), leading to an increase in bone length. The trabeculae and lamellae are structures found within the bone, but they do not directly contribute to bone growth in length.

The humerus is the correct answer because it is the long bone that makes up the upper part of the arm. The clavicle is a bone that connects the shoulder to the sternum, the radius is a bone in the forearm, and the femur is the bone in the thigh. Therefore, the humerus is the only bone listed that is located in the upper part of the arm.

As people age, the principal effect is demineralization. This refers to the loss of minerals, such as calcium, from the bones. Demineralization can lead to a decrease in bone density and strength, making the bones more prone to fractures and osteoporosis. Calcification, on the other hand, is the deposition of calcium salts in tissues, which is not the main effect of aging. Osteomalacia is a condition where the bones become soft and weak due to a deficiency in vitamin D or calcium, but it is not the principal effect of aging. Therefore, the correct answer is demineralization.

The metaphysis is the correct answer because it refers to the region of the long bone between the diaphysis (the shaft of the bone) and the epiphysis (the end of the bone). This region contains the epiphyseal plate, which is a layer of cartilage that allows for bone growth in children and adolescents. The metaphysis is important for bone lengthening and is responsible for the increase in height during growth.

The diaphysis is the correct answer because it refers to the shaft of a long bone. The diaphysis is the long, cylindrical part of the bone that lies between the two ends, known as the epiphyses. It is primarily composed of compact bone and contains the medullary cavity, which is filled with bone marrow. The diaphysis provides support and strength to the bone and is responsible for the transmission of forces during movement.

The end of a long bone that is usually larger in diameter than the shaft is called the epiphysis. The epiphysis is responsible for the growth and development of the bone, as well as the attachment of tendons and ligaments. It contains red marrow, which produces red blood cells, and is covered by a layer of articular cartilage that allows for smooth movement at the joints. The epiphysis plays a crucial role in the overall structure and function of long bones.

The medullary cavity is the space within the shaft of a bone that contains yellow bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow is responsible for storing fat cells. The medullary cavity is lined with a thin layer of connective tissue called the endosteum, which helps in the formation and maintenance of bone tissue. This space is important for providing flexibility and strength to the bone while also allowing for the storage of essential nutrients and minerals.

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for breaking down and removing old or damaged bone tissue. This process is known as resorption. It involves the breakdown of the matrix, which refers to the structural components of the bone. Through resorption, osteoclasts help in the remodeling and restructuring of bone tissue, allowing for the formation of new bone. Therefore, resorption is the correct term to describe the breakdown of the matrix by osteoclasts.

Intramembranous ossification is a process where bone forms directly from mesenchymal connective tissue, while endochondral ossification is a process where bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage. These two methods involve the replacement of preexisting connective tissue with bone. Therefore, the correct answer includes both intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification.