Micro: CNS Infections

1. A spinal tap of a patient predicted to have meningitis is marked by cloudy CSF. What is the most likely type of infectious agent?

Viral

Fungal

Parasitic

Bacterial

2. Where are N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae part of the normal flora in some individuals?

Nasopharynx

GI tract

Vagina

External ear

3. Which bacterium is Gram-positive microbe causing meningitis?

H. influenzae

N. meningitis

S. pneumoniae

H. pylori

4. What cells of the CNS make CSF in the choroid plexus forming the blood-CSF barrier?

Oligodendrocytes

Microglia

Ependymal cells

Astrocytes

5. Match the correct bacteria classification.

Gram-negative diplococci

Gram-positive coccus

Gram-negative coccobacillus

Submit

6. What are leptomeninges?

Dura mater

Spinal cord

Brain and pia mater

Pia and arachnoid mater

Just in case you were wondering!!

Explanation

Just in case you were wondering!!

7. What other infection increases the reactivation of HSV-2?

CMV

HIV

HSV-1

Influenza

8. Group B strep infections are more severe when contracted vertically than nosocomially.

True

False

See table 24.6 - maternal transmission is 60% fatal with serious sequelae of survivors and nursery transmission is 20% fatal.

Explanation

See table 24.6 - maternal transmission is 60% fatal with serious sequelae of survivors and nursery transmission is 20% fatal.

9. What bacteria can cause a severe case of acute Addison crisis causes bleeding into the brain and adrenal glands (Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome)?

N. meningitidis

S. pneumoniae

H. influenzae

HSV

10. What is aseptic meningitis?

Bacteria present in cultures of CSF

Increase in basophils in the CSF

Bacteria are difficult to grow in CSF cultures

Viruses are not a cause

About half the cases of aseptic meningitis are caused by viruses.

Explanation

About half the cases of aseptic meningitis are caused by viruses.

11. There is a vaccine for all 3 causes of meningitis: N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae.

True

False

All have a polysaccharide capsule conjugate vaccine. Hib is most commonly given during infancy.

Explanation

All have a polysaccharide capsule conjugate vaccine. Hib is most commonly given during infancy.

12. What part of the brain does rabies virus invade causing changes in behavior in order to increase transmission of the dieases?

Parietal lobe

Thalamus

Midbrain

Limbic system

13. Why can inflamation of the CNS be life-threatening?

There is normal microbiota

It is an axernic environment

It does not contain phagocytic cells

It is an open system

axernic means a closed system

Explanation

axernic means a closed system

14. What cells of the CNS serve a variety of metabolic functions for neurons and their "footplates" connect to blood vessels in the brain forming the blood-brain barrier?

Oligodendrocytes

Microglia

Ependymal cells

Astrocytes

Ependymal cells form the blood-CSF barrier, part of the choroid plexus.

Explanation

Ependymal cells form the blood-CSF barrier, part of the choroid plexus.

15. What is the leading cause of aseptic meningitis?

HSV-1

HSV-2

Rabies

Enterovirus

IT'S NOT RABIES!

Explanation

IT'S NOT RABIES!

16. What is the most virulent cause of meningitis?

H. influenzae

S. pneumoniae

N. meningitidis

17. What virus can infect neural cells, oligodentrocytes?

Polio virus

JC virus

HSV

Rabies virus

18. What type of microorganism induces dramatic inflammation of the CNS that localized infection to form abscesses?

Viruses

Fungi

Protozoa

Helminths

Bacteria along with protozoa cause inflammation along with the localization of infection commonly forming abscesses.

Explanation

Bacteria along with protozoa cause inflammation along with the localization of infection commonly forming abscesses.

19. What is the most common form of severe sporadic acute focal encephalitis?

CMV encephalitis

Enterovirus encephalitis

HSV-1 encephalitis

HSV-2 encephalitis

20. Match the following: A. Niserria meningitidis B. Streptococcus pneumoniae C. Haemophilus meningitis

Endotoxin absent

Polysaccharide type B vaccine

C5-C9 complement deficiencies

Submit

21. What virus invades the peripheral nerves of the CNS?

VZV

JC virus

Polio virus

EBV

22. Why are neonates susceptible to infections agents such as group B strep and E. coli causing meningitis?

They are exposed to these agents during delivery

They have immature cell-mediated responses

They have immature humoral and cell-mediated responses

They are just so small and cute

They also have decreased phagocytosis and inefficient alternative complement pathways.

Explanation

They also have decreased phagocytosis and inefficient alternative complement pathways.

23. What it the preliminary test for meningococcal meningitis?

Preliminary microscopy

Serology

Molecular tests

Culture of blood

24. What percentage of tuberculous meningitis is associated with acute disseminated tuberculosis?

25%

50%

75%

100%

25. What is recurrence of HSV?

Replication of a virus

Migration of a virus

Inactivation of a virus

Incubation of a virus

Recurrence: certain triggers may cause the virus to travel back down the nerve to the skin where the virus replicates causing symptoms again

Explanation

Recurrence: certain triggers may cause the virus to travel back down the nerve to the skin where the virus replicates causing symptoms again

26. What virus is associated with neonate meningitis?

VZV

CMV

HSV-1

HSV-2

27. Which of the following lab values are characteristic of septic (purulent) meningitis?

100 WBC/mL

>100 (high) mg/dl protein

Caused by bacteria

50-100 (moderate) mg/dl protein

See table 24.1 in Mim's.

Explanation

See table 24.1 in Mim's.

Submit

28. Which viruses directly damage neurons?

Polio virus

JC virus

HSV

Rabies

Submit

Micro: CNS Infections

1. A spinal tap of a patient predicted to have meningitis is marked by cloudy CSF. What is the most likely type of infectious agent?

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Where are N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae part of the normal flora in some individuals?

3. Which bacterium is Gram-positive microbe causing meningitis?

4. What cells of the CNS make CSF in the choroid plexus forming the blood-CSF barrier?

5. Match the correct bacteria classification.

6. What are leptomeninges?

7. What other infection increases the reactivation of HSV-2?

8. Group B strep infections are more severe when contracted vertically than nosocomially.

9. What bacteria can cause a severe case of acute Addison crisis causes bleeding into the brain and adrenal glands (Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome)?

10. What is aseptic meningitis?

11. There is a vaccine for all 3 causes of meningitis: N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae.

12. What part of the brain does rabies virus invade causing changes in behavior in order to increase transmission of the dieases?

13. Why can inflamation of the CNS be life-threatening?

14. What cells of the CNS serve a variety of metabolic functions for neurons and their "footplates" connect to blood vessels in the brain forming the blood-brain barrier?

15. What is the leading cause of aseptic meningitis?

16. What is the most virulent cause of meningitis?

17. What virus can infect neural cells, oligodentrocytes?

18. What type of microorganism induces dramatic inflammation of the CNS that localized infection to form abscesses?

19. What is the most common form of severe sporadic acute focal encephalitis?

20. Match the following: A. Niserria meningitidis B. Streptococcus pneumoniae C. Haemophilus meningitis

21. What virus invades the peripheral nerves of the CNS?

22. Why are neonates susceptible to infections agents such as group B strep and E. coli causing meningitis?

23. What it the preliminary test for meningococcal meningitis?

24. What percentage of tuberculous meningitis is associated with acute disseminated tuberculosis?

25. What is recurrence of HSV?

26. What virus is associated with neonate meningitis?

27. Which of the following lab values are characteristic of septic (purulent) meningitis?

28. Which viruses directly damage neurons?