Masg - Quiz #2

Contractile tissue refers to the muscles in our body that have the ability to contract and generate force. Strains and tendonitis are both conditions that commonly affect muscles and tendons. A strain occurs when a muscle or tendon is stretched or torn, usually due to overuse or excessive force. Tendonitis, on the other hand, is the inflammation of a tendon, often caused by repetitive movements or overuse. Since both strains and tendonitis involve the muscles and tendons, it is true that contractile tissue is involved in these conditions.

Respiratory conditions can contribute to positional postural factors. This means that individuals with respiratory conditions may experience changes in their posture due to the symptoms or limitations caused by their condition. For example, someone with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may have difficulty breathing, which can lead to a more hunched or forward-leaning posture as they try to alleviate their breathing difficulties. Therefore, it is true that respiratory conditions can be a cause of positional postural factors.

Goniometry is a measurement technique used to assess the range of motion in a joint. By documenting the baseline measurements, healthcare professionals can track the progress or lack of progress in a patient's joint mobility over time. This information is valuable in determining the effectiveness of treatments and interventions and making informed decisions regarding the patient's care. Therefore, the statement that goniometry is used to document baseline and show progress or lack of progress at reassessment is true.

Chronic inflammation can lead to the formation of excessive scar tissue. This is because the inflammatory process triggers the deposition of collagen, which is the main component of scar tissue. Excessive scarring can result in the formation of fibrous tissue that can restrict movement and flexibility, leading to a decrease in range of motion (ROM). While there may not be weakness or pain associated with chronic inflammation, the risk of excessive scarring can still be a concern.

A normal end feel refers to the normal sensation felt when a joint reaches its end range of motion. Bony end feel occurs when there is a hard stop to the movement due to bones coming into contact with each other. Soft tissue approximation occurs when the movement is stopped by the soft tissues surrounding the joint, such as muscles, ligaments, or tendons. Therefore, both A and B are true statements about normal end feels.

Chronic pain syndrome is characterized by the presence of both chronic pain and depression. Unlike chronic pain alone, chronic pain syndrome typically involves the coexistence of these two conditions. This suggests that individuals with chronic pain syndrome not only experience prolonged pain but also commonly experience feelings of depression. Therefore, the statement that chronic pain syndrome differs from chronic pain in that depression usually accompanies the syndrome is true.

Empty end feel refers to a situation where a joint movement stops without any resistance or firmness, typically due to pain. In this case, the patient stops the range of motion because it causes pain. Therefore, the statement "Empty end feel is when the patient stops range of motion due to pain" is true.

Having the same examiner measure patients can increase reliability in goniometry because different examiners may have different levels of experience, skill, and technique, which can lead to inconsistencies in measurements. By having the same examiner consistently measure patients, it reduces the potential for variability and increases the reliability of the measurements. This allows for more accurate and consistent assessment of joint range of motion over time.

Acute inflammation is characterized by a rapid onset and short duration. It typically lasts for 3-4 days, making the first statement true. Muscle spasm can accompany acute inflammation as a protective mechanism to prevent further damage, making the second statement true as well. Therefore, both statements A and B are true.

The correct answer is "All of the above" because radiculopathy is indeed known as radicular pain, it directly involves the nerve root, and it is felt along myotomes, dermatomes, and sclerotomes.

Flexion is the movement that decreases the angle between two bones at a joint. It is commonly observed in joints like the elbow and knee, where the angle between the bones decreases as the joint bends. This movement allows for a wide range of motion and is essential for various activities such as walking, lifting, and bending.

Contractile tissue refers to tissue that is capable of contracting or shortening in response to a stimulus. This type of tissue includes muscles and tendons, which can generate tension through stretching or contraction. Joint capsules and ligaments, on the other hand, are not contractile tissues but rather connective tissues that provide stability to joints. While contractile tissues can be sprained, this is not the defining characteristic of contractile tissue. Therefore, the correct answer is that contractile tissue is best described as tissue such as muscles or tendons that can have tension placed on them by stretching or contraction.

When conducting a client examination for the use of massage techniques, it is necessary to identify soft tissue dysfunction related to the client's clinical condition. This helps the therapist understand the specific issues that need to be addressed during the massage session. Additionally, identifying other primary and secondary impairments that therapists can treat with massage techniques is important as it allows the therapist to provide a comprehensive treatment plan. Lastly, identifying limitations in the client's level of activity is crucial to ensure that the massage techniques used are appropriate and do not exacerbate any existing conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above".

According to Sackett's hierarchy of evidence, the randomized controlled trial provides the strongest evidence of cause and effect. This is because in a randomized controlled trial, participants are randomly assigned to either the treatment group or the control group, which helps to minimize bias and confounding variables. The use of randomization and control groups allows for a more accurate assessment of the cause and effect relationship between the intervention and the outcome. Therefore, the randomized controlled trial is considered the gold standard for determining causation in research studies.

All of the given statements explain different uses of evidence. The first statement states that therapists need evidence to provide the best care to their clients, indicating that evidence helps them make informed decisions and choose effective treatment methods. The second statement suggests that evidence fosters public acceptance of massage and other complementary health care techniques, implying that evidence helps build trust and credibility in these practices. The third statement highlights that evidence enables therapists to stay current, be lifelong learners, and make better decisions regarding healthcare resources. Therefore, all of these statements demonstrate the various uses of evidence in the context of therapy and complementary health care.

Trigger point pain refers to the pain that originates from a specific area in a muscle, known as a trigger point. Unlike pain that follows the distribution of peripheral nerves or dermatomes, trigger point pain does not typically adhere to these patterns. Instead, it is often described as a localized pain that can radiate to other areas of the body. Therefore, the statement that trigger point pain rarely follows the distribution of peripheral nerves or dermatomes is true.

Palpation is not the sole means of accurately assessing soft tissue dysfunction. While palpation is a valuable tool in assessing soft tissue, there are other methods and diagnostic techniques that can be used to accurately assess soft tissue dysfunction, such as imaging tests like MRI or CT scans, and functional assessments. Palpation should be used in conjunction with other assessment methods to gather a comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition.

Palpation is a technique used by therapists to assess various structures in the body by applying pressure with their hands. It involves evaluating the texture, consistency, and fluid status of tissues. Deep fascia, which is a connective tissue layer, can also be assessed through palpation. However, the periosteum, which is a thin layer of connective tissue covering the bones, cannot be assessed through palpation. Therefore, therapists cannot use palpation to assess the periosteum in any region of the body.

Homogenous samples refer to a group of participants who share similar characteristics or traits. In the context of massage techniques, homogenous samples would not be a cause of poor evidence. Poor evidence for massage techniques is more likely to be caused by weak research methods, poorly defined procedures for interventions, and a lack of relevant outcome measures. These factors can lead to biased or incomplete results, making it difficult to draw accurate conclusions about the effectiveness of massage techniques.

Goniometry is a measurement technique used to assess the range of motion in a joint. It involves measuring the angles formed by the bones at the joint during active range of motion (AROM) and passive range of motion (PROM) exercises. AROM refers to the movement performed by the patient themselves, while PROM involves the therapist or examiner moving the patient's joint. Since goniometry is performed during both AROM and PROM, the statement is true.

The question asks for an assumption that is not one of the five basic assumptions that differentiate qualitative and quantitative research. The relationship between clinician and the subject is not one of these assumptions. The five basic assumptions include the nature of reality, the nature of truth, the relationship between fact, values, and research, but not the relationship between clinician and the subject.

Visceral pain refers to pain felt in the internal organs, not over an area of bone or viscera. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

A history of multiple successful treatments may suggest that the soft tissue lesion has already been effectively treated and resolved, therefore it would not prompt further exploration. This indicates that the issue has been adequately addressed and does not require further investigation.

A therapist's application of palpation can vary in terms of force, rate, and pressure. The amount of force applied during palpation can vary depending on the therapist's technique and the specific needs of the patient. The rate at which the therapist applies palpation can also vary, with some techniques requiring a slow and steady motion while others may involve quicker movements. Pressure refers to the amount of force per unit area applied during palpation, and this can also vary depending on the therapist's approach. However, tension is not a factor that typically varies in the application of palpation.

A myotome is a group of muscles innervated by a single nerve root. This means that all the muscles in a particular myotome receive their nerve supply from the same nerve root. This organization allows for coordinated movement and control of specific muscle groups.

None of the statements provided are true regarding edema. Solid edema does not result from localized extracellular fluid in a limb, as it is typically caused by an accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces. Edema can be measured even if it is not pitting, as there are other methods such as using a tape measure or bioimpedance analysis. Visual assessment alone is not considered the only true measure of edema volume, as it can be subjective and may not accurately reflect the actual volume of fluid accumulation.

This answer suggests that a restrictive or pathological tissue barrier can be found at any point between the normal physiological barriers. This means that it can occur at any location within the body where there is a restriction or pathology in the tissue, causing a limitation in movement or range of motion.

The researcher's documentation of his or her work is considered a primary source because it provides firsthand information about the research process, methods, and findings. This documentation can include research notes, data, lab reports, and any other materials produced by the researcher during the study. It is considered reliable and unbiased as it directly reflects the researcher's own observations and interpretations. Other sources, such as literature reviews and meta-analyses, are not considered primary sources as they are secondary sources that summarize and analyze existing research.

Active Relaxed is not an example of AROM because AROM stands for Active Range of Motion, which refers to the movement of a joint that is performed by the individual without any external assistance or resistance. In Active Relaxed, there is no active movement or effort by the individual, as they are in a relaxed state. Therefore, Active Relaxed does not fit the definition of AROM.

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Overpressure is not applied during Active Range of Motion (AROM) and tests end feel. AROM involves the individual moving their joint through its full range of motion without any external assistance or resistance. On the other hand, overpressure is applied during Passive Range of Motion (PROM) and tests end feel. PROM is when an external force is used to move the joint beyond the individual's active range of motion, and tests end feel involve assessing the quality of resistance felt at the end of a joint's range of motion. Therefore, the statement is false.

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Therapists do not need to select a consistent pressure when palpating the client's body structures. The pressure used during palpation can vary depending on the specific structure being assessed and the client's comfort level. Different structures may require different levels of pressure to accurately assess their characteristics or detect abnormalities. Therefore, therapists should be able to adjust the pressure they use during palpation based on the specific needs of each situation.

The correct answer is "Best research evidence with clinical expertise and client values." This definition of evidence-based medicine emphasizes the integration of the best available research evidence, the clinician's expertise, and the values and preferences of the client. It highlights the importance of using research evidence to inform clinical decision-making, while also considering the individual needs and values of the client. This approach ensures that healthcare decisions are based on the best available evidence, tailored to the unique circumstances and preferences of the client.

The statement "Tenderness to deep palpation is a reliable finding" is false because tenderness to deep palpation can vary depending on factors such as individual pain tolerance, underlying pathology, and the skill of the therapist performing the palpation. Therefore, it cannot be considered a consistently reliable finding.

The correct answer is "The ability to conduct research". Research capacity refers to the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to plan, design, and carry out research studies. It involves the ability to formulate research questions, develop research methodologies, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions. Having research capacity allows individuals or institutions to contribute to the existing body of knowledge and make informed decisions based on evidence.

Joining a professional association can facilitate evidence-based practice by providing access to resources such as research journals, conferences, and networking opportunities with other professionals in the field. These associations often promote evidence-based practice by disseminating current research findings and promoting best practices. By joining a professional association, individuals can stay updated on the latest evidence and incorporate it into their practice, ultimately improving the quality of care provided to clients.

The correct answer states that the Evidence Hierarchy is hierarchical, while the Evidence House is not. This means that the Evidence Hierarchy organizes different types of evidence based on their level of reliability and strength, with systematic reviews and meta-analyses at the top, followed by randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and so on. On the other hand, the Evidence House does not follow a hierarchical structure and consists only of qualitative research methods.

Scars are not characterized by the loss of mobility in the tissue they are affecting. While scars can sometimes cause limited mobility depending on their location and severity, it is not a defining characteristic of scars. Scars are primarily characterized by the replacement of normal skin tissue with fibrous tissue, which can result in a different texture and appearance compared to the surrounding skin.

Evidence refers to the information on clinical care that researchers and therapists collect in a systematic manner. It is the result of rigorous scientific research and analysis, providing support for the effectiveness of specific treatments or interventions. This evidence is crucial in guiding clinical decision-making, as it helps healthcare professionals make informed choices about the most appropriate and beneficial care for their patients. By collecting and analyzing data in a systematic manner, researchers and therapists can generate evidence that contributes to the advancement of medical knowledge and improves patient outcomes.