Latihan Soal IPA Kelas 7 Semester 1

Explanation
The given options are all physical quantities, but the question asks for the fundamental quantities. In physics, there are seven fundamental quantities, and length (panjang) is one of them. The other fundamental quantities are time, mass, electric current, temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity. These fundamental quantities are independent and cannot be derived from any other quantities. Therefore, length is considered a fundamental quantity.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Termometer" because a thermometer is a device used to measure temperature. It is specifically designed for this purpose and is commonly used in various fields such as weather forecasting, medical applications, and scientific research. A thermometer typically consists of a glass tube filled with a liquid (usually mercury or alcohol) that expands or contracts with changes in temperature, allowing for an accurate measurement to be taken.

Explanation
When acid is added to blue litmus paper, it turns red. This is because blue litmus paper is used to test for acidity. When an acid is present, it reacts with the litmus paper and changes its color to red. Therefore, the correct answer is "Merah" which means red in Indonesian.

Explanation
Bunga sepatu termasuk indikator alami karena memiliki pigmen alami yang dapat mengubah warna air menjadi merah atau biru tergantung pada tingkat keasaman atau kebasaan air. Hal ini dapat digunakan sebagai indikator alami dalam percobaan kimia untuk menentukan pH larutan.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Unsur". An unsur is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through chemical reactions. It is the fundamental building block of matter and is made up of only one type of atom. Unlike compounds, which are made up of two or more elements chemically combined, an unsur exists in its simplest form.

Explanation
The given options are discussing different states of matter. They include gas, solid, and liquid. However, "zat keras" does not fit into any of these categories as it translates to "hard substance" rather than a specific state of matter. Therefore, "zat keras" is the exception in this context.

Explanation
The correct answer is Q = m x c x ∆T. This equation represents the heat energy (Q) required to change the temperature (∆T) of a substance, where m is the mass of the substance and c is its specific heat capacity. The equation Q = m x c x ∆T is derived from the principle of heat transfer, stating that the amount of heat energy transferred is directly proportional to the mass and specific heat capacity of the substance and the change in temperature.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Sifat fisika dan Sifat kimia." This is because the question is asking for the two ways in which the properties of a material can be distinguished. Physical properties refer to characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance, such as color, density, and melting point. Chemical properties, on the other hand, describe how a substance interacts with other substances and can only be observed through chemical reactions, such as flammability and reactivity. Therefore, the answer choice "Sifat fisika dan Sifat kimia" accurately represents the two categories of properties being discussed.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Sifat Fisika" because the statement mentions that the material can be seen directly with the senses, which implies that it is referring to physical properties.