1.
Sebagian masyarakat Indonesia beranggapan bahwa Kebudayaan Barat lebih tinggi daripada budaya sendiri dan modernisasi tidak lain proses meniru budaya barat. Penyebab sikap yang keliru tersebut adalah ... .
Correct Answer
B. Kurang memahami makna modernisasi
Explanation
The correct answer is "Kurang memahami makna modernisasi." This suggests that the incorrect perception that Western culture is superior and that modernization is merely imitating Western culture is due to a lack of understanding of the true meaning of modernization. This lack of understanding may lead people to mistakenly believe that adopting Western cultural practices and products is the only way to modernize.
2.
Pengaruh perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan terhadap modernisasi antara lain ... .
Correct Answer
A. Menimbulkan pemikiran yang rasional pada masyarakat
Explanation
The development of science has a significant impact on modernization, particularly in terms of promoting rational thinking among society. As scientific knowledge advances, people are exposed to logical reasoning and evidence-based thinking, which encourages them to think critically and make informed decisions. This rational thinking can lead to various positive outcomes, such as problem-solving, innovation, and the development of a more progressive and open-minded society.
3.
Modernisasi sebagai proses industrialisasi terutama ditandai oleh ....
Correct Answer
C. Perubahan masyarakat dari kehidupan agraris tradisional ke arah industri modern
Explanation
The correct answer explains that modernization, particularly in terms of industrialization, is characterized by a change in society from traditional agrarian life to modern industrial life. This suggests that the process of modernization involves a shift from an agricultural-based society to one that is focused on industry and technological advancements.
4.
Pemerintah mendorong ekspor barang jadi seperti mebel/furniture dan melarang ekspor rotan dan kayu dalam bentuk bahan baku. Dalam rangka modernisasi, kebijakan tersebut didorong oleh faktor ...
Correct Answer
D. Memperbaiki industri dalam negeri
Explanation
The government's policy of promoting the export of finished goods like furniture and banning the export of raw materials like rattan and wood is driven by the goal of improving the domestic industry. By focusing on producing and exporting finished goods, the government aims to enhance the competitiveness and development of the domestic industry. This policy can lead to the growth and improvement of local industries, which can have positive effects on employment, efficiency, and value-added in the economy.
5.
Modernisasi dan pembangunan berhasil membangun pusat-pusat pertokoan (swalayan). Kenyataan ini memberikan dampak negatif terhadap sistem distribusi barang kebutuhan sehari-hari seperti ....
Correct Answer
E. Pasar tradisional tergusur/tersingkir
Explanation
The successful modernization and development have led to the establishment of shopping centers (supermarkets). This has had a negative impact on the traditional market system for the distribution of daily necessities. As a result, traditional markets have been displaced or marginalized.
6.
Salah satu perwujudan modernisasi adalah mekanisasi. Berikut ini merupakan contoh mekanisasi yaitu ....
Correct Answer
A. Penggunaan traktor dalam membajak sawah
Explanation
Mekanisasi refers to the use of machinery or mechanical equipment to perform tasks that were previously done manually. The use of tractors in plowing fields is an example of mechanization as it replaces the traditional method of using manual labor or animals for this task.
7.
Masih banyaknya Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang tidak disiplin dalam melaksanakan tugas bertentangan dengan syarat modernisasi yaitu ....
Correct Answer
B. Kedisiplinan yang tinggi, tetapi tidak melanggar HAM warga negara
Explanation
The correct answer suggests that one of the requirements for modernization is high discipline among civil servants, but without violating the human rights of citizens. This means that in order for modernization to be successful, civil servants need to be disciplined in carrying out their duties, but they should also respect and uphold the rights of the citizens they serve. This ensures that modernization is implemented in a fair and just manner, without infringing on the rights of individuals.
8.
Tidak akuratnya jumlah pemilih yang termasuk dalam daftar pemilih tetap dalam suatu pilkada merupakan bukti bahwa masyarakat Indonesia belum memenuhi syarat modernisasi yaitu ....
Correct Answer
C. Adanya sistem pengumpulan data yang baik dan teratur dan terpusat
Explanation
The correct answer suggests that the inaccurate number of eligible voters in the permanent voter list is evidence that the Indonesian society lacks a well-organized and centralized data collection system. This implies that the current system for collecting and maintaining voter data is not efficient, leading to inaccuracies in the voter list. A good and centralized data collection system is essential for ensuring the accuracy and integrity of voter registration, which is a crucial aspect of modernization.
9.
Untuk menciptaan iklim yang favorable dalam masyarakat terhadap modernisasi dilakukan dengan cara ....
Correct Answer
D. Penggunaan alat-alat komunikasi massa
Explanation
The use of mass communication tools can create a favorable climate in society towards modernization. Mass communication allows for the dissemination of information and ideas on a large scale, reaching a wide audience. By using mass communication, modernization can be promoted and explained to the public, helping them to understand and accept the changes that come with it. Mass communication also facilitates dialogue and discussion, allowing different perspectives to be heard and considered, which can contribute to a more positive and receptive attitude towards modernization.
10.
Berikut ini merupakan contoh berkembangnya ilmu pengatahuan dan teknologi baru yang menambah kemampuan manusia dalam mengungkap rahasia-rahasia dan perubahan-perubahan pada lingkungan alam yaitu ....
Correct Answer
E. Diciptakannya alat peringatan dini untuk terjadinya tsunami
Explanation
The given correct answer suggests that the development of an early warning system for tsunamis is an example of the advancement of knowledge and technology that enhances human capabilities in uncovering secrets and changes in the natural environment. This implies that the invention of such a system has significantly contributed to the ability to detect and warn people about potential tsunamis, ultimately saving lives and minimizing the impact of these natural disasters.
11.
Berkurangnya jumlah siswa putus sekolah merupakan harapan semua elemen bangsa. Harapan ini selaras dengan faktor pendorong modernisasi menurut David McCleland yaitu ....
Correct Answer
A. Memiliki ilmu pengetahuan yang tinggi
Explanation
The correct answer is "Memiliki ilmu pengetahuan yang tinggi" because having a high level of knowledge is a driving factor for modernization, according to David McCleland. This aligns with the hope of reducing the number of school dropouts, as education and knowledge are essential for personal and societal development.
12.
Faktor pendorong modernisasi yang ketiga menurut David McCleland adalah ....
Correct Answer
B. Memiliki modal yang cukup
Explanation
The correct answer is "Memiliki modal yang cukup". This means that having sufficient capital or resources is an important driving factor for modernization, according to David McCleland. Having enough financial resources allows for investment in technology, infrastructure, and other modernization efforts.
13.
Aktif dalam organisasi seperti OSIS, PMR, dan PRAMUKA merupakan salah satu tindakan yang selaras dengan ciri modernisasi yaitu ....
Correct Answer
C. Terlibat dalam perencanaan dan organisasi
Explanation
Being involved in planning and organizing activities aligns with the characteristic of modernization. This is because modernization emphasizes the need for efficient and effective systems and processes. By actively participating in organizations such as OSIS, PMR, and PRAMUKA, individuals develop skills in planning and organizing events, which are essential in modern society. This involvement also demonstrates a willingness to take on responsibilities and contribute to the overall functioning of the organization, which is a key aspect of modernization.
14.
Berikut ini merupakan upaya yang dapat kita lakukan agar kita sanggup membentuk atau mempunyai pendapat mengenai sejumlah persoalan yang tidak hanya timbul di sekitar masyarakat kita, tetapi juga yang terjadi di luar, kecuali ....
Correct Answer
D. Menonton sinetron
15.
Masih berakarnya praktek mistis di Indonesia merupakan bukti bahwa masyarakat Indonesia belum memenuhi ciri modernisasi menurut Alex Inkeles, yaitu ....
Correct Answer
E. Kepercayaan terahadap keunggulan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi
Explanation
The correct answer is "kepercayaan terhadap keunggulan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi." This answer suggests that the persistence of mystical practices in Indonesia indicates that Indonesian society has not fully embraced the belief in the superiority of science and technology, which is one of the characteristics of modernization according to Alex Inkeles. This implies that the Indonesian society still holds on to traditional beliefs and practices, which are considered less modern.
16.
Dilaksanakannya test online berbasis web di SMA Negeri 1 Batanghari merupakan contoh kongkrit dari ciri modernisasi menurut Alex Inkeles, yaitu ....
Correct Answer
A. Bersedia menerima gagasan-gagasan baru dan melaksanakan cara-cara baru
Explanation
The implementation of online web-based tests at SMA Negeri 1 Batanghari exemplifies the concrete example of modernization characteristic according to Alex Inkeles, which is being willing to accept new ideas and implement new methods.
17.
Westernisasi berlangsung intensif pada kalangan ....
Correct Answer
B. Remaja
Explanation
Westernisasi berlangsung intensif pada kalangan remaja karena remaja cenderung lebih terbuka terhadap pengaruh dan tren dari budaya Barat. Mereka biasanya lebih terpengaruh oleh media massa, teknologi, musik, fashion, dan gaya hidup yang berasal dari negara-negara Barat. Remaja juga sering mencari identitas dan kebebasan dalam mengadopsi budaya asing, sehingga mereka lebih rentan terhadap pengaruh Westernisasi dibandingkan dengan kelompok usia lainnya seperti anak-anak, dewasa, orang tua, atau lansia.
18.
Berikut ini merupakan barang-barang yang mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan konsep ruang dan waktu, kecuali ....
Correct Answer
C. Media cetak
Explanation
The given options are all related to communication technologies that have the potential to influence the concept of space and time. Telephone, internet, television, and satellite are all examples of technologies that can connect people across long distances and allow for instant communication. However, media cetak (print media) does not have the same immediate and real-time impact on the concept of space and time. Print media is more static and does not have the same ability to bridge distances or provide instant communication.
19.
Produsen dari Jepang berusaha untuk menarik minat konsumen Indonesia agar membeli produk otomotif mereka. Kasus ini merupakan contoh dari ciri globalisasi yaitu ....
Correct Answer
D. Pasar dan produksi ekonomi di negara-negara yang berbeda menjadi saling bergantung
Explanation
The given correct answer suggests that the case of Japanese producers trying to attract Indonesian consumers to buy their automotive products is an example of the characteristic of globalization where the market and economic production in different countries become interdependent. This means that the success of the Japanese producers in Indonesia depends on the demand and acceptance of Indonesian consumers, highlighting the interconnectedness and interdependence of economies in different countries.
20.
Musik Regge yang dipopulerkan oleh Bob Marley cukup digemari oleh penikmat musik di Indonesia, keadaan ini selaras dengan ciri globalisasi yaitu ....
Correct Answer
E. Peningkatan interaksi kultural
Explanation
The popularity of Bob Marley's Reggae music in Indonesia indicates an increase in cultural interaction. Globalization involves the exchange and blending of different cultures, and the fact that Indonesian music enthusiasts enjoy Reggae music shows that there is a growing interest and interaction between Indonesian and Jamaican cultures. This aligns with the concept of globalization, which emphasizes the interconnectedness and interdependence of different cultures around the world.
21.
Berikut ini merupakan contoh masalah bersama yang dihadapi oleh negara-negara di dunia sebagai akibat dari globalisasi, kecuali ....
Correct Answer
A. Kekerasan terhadap TKW
Explanation
The given options represent various global issues faced by countries due to globalization. The correct answer, "Kekerasan terhadap TKW" (violence against migrant workers), is not typically considered a direct consequence of globalization. While it is true that migrant workers may face various challenges and vulnerabilities, including exploitation and abuse, this issue is not directly caused by globalization itself. Global warming, multinational crises, drug trafficking, and terrorism are all examples of global issues that can be linked to globalization in different ways.
22.
Manusia mulai mengenal perdagangan antarnegara sekitar tahun ....
Correct Answer
B. 1000 dan 1500 M
23.
Dikenalnya abjad arab gundul atau arab melayu di Pulau Sumatera merupakan dampak dari proses globalisasi yaitu ....
Correct Answer
C. Dominasi perdagangan kaum muslim di Asia dan Afrika
Explanation
The correct answer suggests that the recognition of the Arabic alphabet in Sumatra is a result of the domination of Muslim trade in Asia and Africa. This implies that the spread of Islamic traders in these regions led to the adoption of the Arabic alphabet in Sumatra as a means of communication and trade.
24.
Eksplorasi dunia secara besar-besaran oleh bangsa Eropa dipelopori oleh negara berikut ini, kecuali ....
Correct Answer
D. Italia
Explanation
The exploration of the world by Europeans was led by Spain, Portugal, England, and the Netherlands. Italy, on the other hand, did not play a significant role in the large-scale exploration of the world.
25.
Dalam melakukan eksplorasi dunia bangsa Eropa memiliki motto yaitu ...
Correct Answer
E. Gold, gospel, and glory
Explanation
The motto of the European nations during their exploration was "gold, gospel, and glory". This means that their main motivations for exploration were to acquire wealth (gold), spread Christianity (gospel), and gain fame and recognition (glory). They believed that by discovering new lands and resources, they could increase their wealth and power, spread their religious beliefs, and establish their dominance in the world. This motto reflects the ambitions and goals of the European explorers during that time period.
26.
Saham PT Unilever dimiliki oleh pengusaha dari ....
Correct Answer
A. Belanda
Explanation
The correct answer is "Belanda" which means "Netherlands" in English. This is because PT Unilever is a multinational company that originated in the Netherlands. Therefore, it is logical to assume that the majority ownership of the company would be held by Dutch entrepreneurs.
27.
Perang dingin terjadi antara ....
Correct Answer
B. Komunisme dan kapitalisme
Explanation
The correct answer is komunisme dan kapitalisme. The Cold War was a period of political tension and military rivalry between the Soviet Union (representing communism) and the United States (representing capitalism). The conflict arose due to ideological differences between these two economic systems and their competing spheres of influence. The Cold War lasted from the late 1940s to the early 1990s and had a significant impact on global politics and international relations.
28.
Globalisasi perdagangan terwujud dalam bentuk ....
Correct Answer
C. Penurunan dan penyeragaman tarif
Explanation
The correct answer is "penurunan dan penyeragaman tarif" which means "reduction and standardization of tariffs". This refers to the process of lowering and equalizing tariffs on goods and services between different countries, which is a key aspect of globalization. By reducing and standardizing tariffs, countries can promote free trade and economic integration, leading to increased international trade and economic growth.
29.
Perkembangan globalisasi kebudayaan secara intensif terjadi pada....
Correct Answer
D. Awal abad ke-20
Explanation
The correct answer is "awal abad ke-20". The intensification of cultural globalization occurred in the early 20th century. This period saw significant advancements in technology, transportation, and communication, which facilitated the exchange and spread of cultural ideas, practices, and products on a global scale. The emergence of mass media, such as radio, cinema, and later television, played a crucial role in disseminating cultural content across borders. Additionally, the aftermath of World War I and the subsequent global economic integration further accelerated the process of cultural globalization during the early 20th century.
30.
Berikut ini merupakan ciri berkembangnya globalisasi kebudayaan, kecuali ....
Correct Answer
E. Berkembangnya cara berfikir ilmiah
Explanation
The given answer states that the development of scientific thinking is not a characteristic of cultural globalization. This means that while other aspects such as global events, global fashion trends, tourism, and immigration contribute to cultural globalization, the advancement of scientific thinking is not directly related to it.