Want To Be A Lab Animal Technician? You Gotta Pass This Test

Connective tissue functions to bind together or support cells. Connective tissue is found throughout the body and provides structural support to organs, muscles, and other tissues. It connects different parts of the body and helps to hold them in place. Additionally, connective tissue provides support to cells by forming a framework and facilitating the exchange of nutrients and waste products. It also plays a role in the immune response and helps to repair damaged tissues.

Cardiac muscle is self-stimulating because it has its own internal electrical system that allows it to contract and relax without external stimulation. This electrical system is controlled by specialized cells called pacemaker cells, which generate electrical impulses that spread throughout the heart and stimulate the contraction of cardiac muscle fibers. This self-stimulation is essential for the heart to maintain its regular rhythm and pump blood effectively throughout the body.

The approximate blood volume of an animal is typically around 6% of its body weight. This means that for every kilogram of body weight, the animal will have approximately 60 milliliters of blood. This is an important measurement as it helps in understanding the circulatory system and the amount of blood needed to supply oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues.

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is primarily composed of cornified epithelial cells. These cells are flattened and filled with keratin, a protein that provides strength and protection to the skin. The cornified epithelial cells form a barrier that helps to prevent water loss, protect against pathogens, and regulate body temperature. Therefore, the statement that the epidermis is made up of cornified epithelial cells is true.

Limb movement is accomplished by voluntary muscle contractions. Voluntary muscles are under the control of the somatic nervous system, allowing individuals to consciously initiate and control their movements. This is in contrast to involuntary muscles, such as cardiac and smooth muscles, which are not under conscious control. Therefore, voluntary muscle contractions are responsible for limb movement.

A neuron is another name for a nerve cell. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit information throughout the body. They have various components, including dendrites, axons, and synapses, which enable them to send and receive signals. The term "synapse" refers to the junction between two neurons where communication occurs, while "dendrite" and "axon" are specific parts of a neuron. Therefore, the correct answer is "Neuron."

The Whitten Effect refers to the synchronization of estrus in female mice when they are exposed to male pheromones. This effect assists in timed mating by causing a group of females to enter estrus simultaneously, allowing for efficient breeding. This synchronization increases the chances of successful fertilization and pregnancy in the females. Therefore, the correct answer is that the Whitten Effect can produce a group of females for mating at one time.

The key difference between permanent cartilage and bone is that permanent cartilage is not calcified. This means that permanent cartilage does not undergo the process of mineralization, which is the deposition of calcium salts, unlike bone. The lack of calcification in permanent cartilage allows it to maintain its flexibility and elasticity, making it suitable for providing structural support and cushioning in certain areas of the body.

Pleural fluid functions to lubricate the chest and lung linings, preventing friction between them. This lubrication allows for smooth movement during breathing and prevents discomfort or damage to the lungs and chest wall.

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a crucial role in regulating the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. It produces and releases hormones that control various bodily processes, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. The pituitary gland also receives signals from the hypothalamus, another important part of the endocrine system, and acts as a bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system. Overall, the pituitary gland is responsible for maintaining hormonal balance and coordinating the activities of other endocrine glands.

The statement suggests that only animals specifically mentioned or included in the Guide are used and cared for according to humane principles. However, this is not true as the Guide is likely a set of guidelines or principles for the ethical treatment of animals, but it does not limit the application of these principles to only animals mentioned in the Guide. Animals not mentioned in the Guide can still be treated according to humane principles.

The key difference between IV injection and blood withdrawal is that pressure is maintained on the vein proximal to the injection site during IV injection, whereas pressure does not need to be applied to the site after blood withdrawal. This means that during IV injection, pressure is applied to prevent blood from flowing back into the vein, while during blood withdrawal, pressure is not necessary as the goal is to remove blood from the vein.

Platelets are essential for clotting blood. When there is an injury or damage to blood vessels, platelets are activated and form a plug at the site of injury to prevent excessive bleeding. They release chemicals that attract other platelets and help in the formation of a blood clot. This clotting process is crucial in stopping bleeding and promoting wound healing. Platelets also release growth factors that aid in tissue repair. Therefore, clotting blood is the correct answer.

The urethra is located between the bladder and the body exit. It serves as a tube that carries urine from the bladder to be expelled from the body.

Animals may be used for research after an animal use protocol is submitted to the IACUC. This statement is false. The IACUC (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee) is responsible for reviewing and approving animal use protocols to ensure that they meet ethical and legal standards. However, the submission of a protocol does not automatically grant permission to use animals for research. The IACUC must review and evaluate the protocol before making a decision.

The guideline states that the volume of blood equal to 1% of the animal's weight can be taken every two weeks to ensure the health of the animal. This means that frequent blood samples can be collected without causing harm or stress to the animal. Therefore, the statement is true.

Census records can be used to bill investigators because they provide information about the number of patients or subjects present in a particular facility or unit at a given time. This information is crucial for billing purposes as it helps determine the number of individuals who received services or participated in research studies, which in turn affects the billing amount. Room logs, clinical records, and cage cards may contain relevant information, but they do not specifically provide a comprehensive count of individuals, making census records the most suitable option for billing investigators.

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the air occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. Alveoli are tiny air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles, where the actual gas exchange takes place. Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration, diffuses out of the bloodstream and into the alveoli to be exhaled. The other options, bronchioles, trachea, and bronchi, are all part of the respiratory system but do not directly participate in the gas exchange process.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which are essential for building and repairing tissues in the body. Proteins play a crucial role in the growth and maintenance of tissues, including muscles, organs, and skin. They are involved in various physiological processes, such as cell structure, enzyme production, and immune function. Therefore, consuming adequate amounts of amino acids through a balanced diet is important for tissue growth, repair, and overall health.

The statement is false because the USDA does not require common laboratory rodents to be shipped with a health certificate. While there may be guidelines and regulations in place for the transportation of laboratory animals, a health certificate is not specifically required by the USDA.

The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is a small, pea-sized gland that is often referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. It produces and releases hormones that control growth, metabolism, reproduction, and other important processes in the body. Being situated at the base of the brain allows the pituitary gland to receive signals from the hypothalamus and communicate with other glands in the body to maintain hormonal balance.

The correct answer is to secure the animal's mouth around the gag and pass the tube through it. This method is used in oral dosing of large animals to ensure that the medication or substance being administered is properly delivered into the animal's digestive system. By securing the animal's mouth around the gag, it prevents the animal from biting or chewing on the tube, and passing the tube through the gag allows for easy and controlled administration of the dose.

All of the options listed are types of animals that have an exoskeleton. Invertebrates, which include insects and crustaceans, have a hard outer covering called an exoskeleton that provides support and protection for their bodies. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

The lymphatic system is responsible for regulating fluid balance between tissue and blood plasma. It helps to remove excess fluid, waste products, and toxins from the tissues and returns them to the bloodstream for elimination. This system also plays a role in immune function by filtering and trapping foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses, in lymph nodes. Overall, the lymphatic system helps to maintain the balance of fluids in the body and support the immune system.

The pancreas is responsible for the regulation of blood glucose levels. It produces and releases insulin, a hormone that helps control the amount of sugar in the blood. Insulin helps cells in the body absorb glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy. When blood glucose levels are too high, the pancreas releases insulin to lower them. Conversely, when blood glucose levels are too low, the pancreas releases glucagon, another hormone, to raise them. This delicate balance of insulin and glucagon secretion by the pancreas helps to regulate blood glucose levels and ensure proper functioning of the body.

Gerbils do not provide a good model for a polygamous mating system because they typically form monogamous pairs and exhibit strong pair bonding. In contrast, mice, rats, and guinea pigs are known to engage in polygamous mating behaviors, where multiple mates are involved.

An IP injection is given in the lower right quadrant. This means that the injection is administered in the lower right area of the body.

A gene is a unit of hereditary characteristics. Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins, which are responsible for the traits and functions of living organisms. Genes are passed down from parents to offspring and determine various physical and behavioral traits. Chromosomes are structures that contain genes, but they are not the unit of hereditary characteristics themselves. Alleles are alternative forms of a gene, and DNA is the molecule that carries genetic information, but neither of them is the unit of hereditary characteristics.

Caring for transgenic and knockout animals involves several considerations. Firstly, they require a significant investment of time and money due to the complex breeding and maintenance processes involved. Secondly, these animals may be more susceptible to diseases, requiring additional care and monitoring. Lastly, they may exhibit increased cannibalism of their litters, which necessitates special attention and management. Therefore, all of the mentioned considerations are part of caring for transgenic and knockout animals.

The organelles are a crucial component of animal cells. They are responsible for various functions such as energy production, protein synthesis, and cellular transport. Without organelles, the cell would not be able to carry out these essential processes. Therefore, the organelles cannot be considered as not a component of animal cells.

The skeletal system provides shape to the body, protects internal organs, and allows for movement through the attachment of muscles and joints. It consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The bones provide structural support and protect vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs. Additionally, the skeletal system allows for movement by providing attachment points for muscles and acting as levers during muscular contractions. Therefore, the skeletal system is responsible for shape, protection, and movement in the body.

The nephron is the basic functional unit of the kidney. It is responsible for filtering waste products, excess water, and electrolytes from the blood to form urine. The nephron consists of a glomerulus, which is a network of capillaries, and a tubular system. The glomerulus filters blood, while the tubular system reabsorbs necessary substances and excretes waste products. This process helps in maintaining the body's fluid balance, regulating blood pressure, and producing urine. The other options mentioned, such as the medulla, ureter, and glomerulus, are not the basic functional unit of the kidney, hence they are incorrect answers.

The mandible is an irregular bone because it does not fit into any specific category or shape. It is the only movable bone in the skull and is responsible for allowing us to open and close our mouths. The other options, phalanges, ribs, and carpals, are all classified as long bones or flat bones, which have a more defined and consistent shape.

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The statement suggests that specific state regulations exist because of distemper vaccination requirements. However, this is not true. While distemper vaccination requirements may be one factor considered in state regulations, there are likely other reasons for the existence of these regulations, such as ensuring the welfare of animals and protecting consumers from fraudulent or unethical practices.

A large size needle helps to prevent cell lysis during blood collection because it allows for a faster and smoother flow of blood, reducing the chances of cells being damaged or ruptured. A smaller needle may cause more resistance and turbulence, leading to cell lysis. Additionally, a larger needle can also help ensure that an adequate amount of blood is collected without the need for excessive force or multiple attempts, further minimizing the risk of cell damage.

To determine how far to insert a gavage needle, one should line up the ball at the level of the last rib. This means that the needle should be inserted until the ball reaches the level of the last rib. This method ensures that the needle is inserted to the correct depth and prevents it from being inserted too far or not far enough. By using the last rib as a reference point, the correct placement of the needle can be achieved consistently.

Permanent pari mating refers to a breeding system where a group of animals, usually a bull and several cows, are kept together for an extended period of time. An advantage of this system is simple record keeping. Since the same group of animals is kept together, it is easier to keep track of their breeding history and performance. This allows for better management and decision-making regarding breeding and genetic selection.

The correct answer is "Expenditures and records involving animals are maintained by one department." This option represents a centralized management system because all the expenditures and records related to animals are handled by a single department. This ensures that there is a centralized control and coordination in managing the financial and record-keeping aspects of animal-related activities.

The left ventricle contracts, pumping blood to all the organs of the body. This is because the left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It receives blood from the left atrium and then contracts, pushing the blood out through the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. From the aorta, the oxygenated blood is distributed to all the organs, tissues, and cells in the body, providing them with the necessary oxygen and nutrients for their proper functioning.

The USDA requires that tags be retained for 1 year for dogs. This means that dog owners must keep the tags on their dogs for a full year as a requirement by the USDA. This could be for identification purposes or to ensure that the dog has received the necessary vaccinations or health checks. Rabbits and primates are not mentioned as being required to have tags retained for 1 year, so the correct answer is dogs.

The gene symbol "+" represents the normal or wild type allele. This means that it is the most common or typical form of the gene found in a population. It is considered the standard or reference allele against which other alleles are compared.

Proestrus is the stage of estrus in which follicle development takes place. During this stage, the follicles in the ovaries start to grow and develop, preparing for ovulation. The hormone estrogen is also released during proestrus, which leads to the thickening of the uterine lining. This stage is characterized by behavioral changes, such as increased flirtation and receptivity to mating.

Chimera is the correct answer because it refers to an animal with cells from two different lineages. In biology, a chimera is an organism that contains cells or tissues from different individuals or species. This can occur naturally or be artificially created through genetic manipulation. The term "congenic" refers to animals that are genetically identical except for a single gene, "mutant" refers to an organism with a genetic mutation, and "knockout" refers to a genetically modified organism in which a specific gene has been deactivated.

Cornified epithelial cells contain water-insoluble proteins that form a protective barrier on the skin's surface. This barrier helps to prevent water loss through evaporation, thus inhibiting dehydration.

The correct answer is that white blood cells destroy bacteria and particles found in body fluids. Lymph nodes are an important part of the immune system and contain a high concentration of white blood cells. These cells help to filter and remove harmful substances, such as bacteria and particles, from the lymph fluid. This process helps to prevent the spread of infection and maintain overall health. The other options mentioned, such as the filtration of lymph back into the bloodstream and the pumping of lymph back to the heart, are not specific processes that occur in the lymph nodes.

The per diem rates are different between institutions because some institutions include costs that others do not include. This means that certain institutions may have additional expenses that they factor into their per diem rates, while others may not have those same costs. This difference in included costs leads to variations in the per diem rates among different institutions.

Continuous pair or trio matings at weaning helps avoid fighting in mice and minimizes aggressive behavior. This method encourages all adults to care for the litter by allowing them to mate in pairs or trios after the weaning period. By keeping the mice in small groups, it reduces competition and territorial aggression, leading to a more cooperative and nurturing environment for raising the offspring.

The popliteal lymph nodes are located in the rear leg. These nodes are responsible for filtering and draining lymph fluid from the lower leg and foot. They play a crucial role in immune response and defense against infections in the lower limb.

The epididymis is the structure in which sperm mature and are stored. It is a tightly coiled tube located on the back of each testicle, and it serves as a site for sperm to gain motility and fertility. Sperm are produced in the testes and then move to the epididymis, where they are stored and undergo maturation processes. From the epididymis, sperm can then be transported through the ductus deferens during ejaculation. The prostate and seminal vesicles are also involved in the production of semen, but they do not play a direct role in the maturation and storage of sperm.

The statement is false because the correct amount of fluid that can be injected into an intradermal site is up to 0.1 ml, not 0.5 ml.

The correct answer is the Saphenous Vein. The Saphenous Vein is a commonly used site for obtaining multiple blood samples from rodents in a 24-hour period. It is easily accessible and provides a sufficient amount of blood for analysis. Other sites such as the Tail Vein, Ear, and Heart may also be used for blood collection, but they may not be as suitable for multiple samples within a short period of time.

In most animals, plasma makes up about 55% of the blood. Plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances such as nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. It also plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure and regulating body temperature.

Creatinine is a waste product that is produced by the breakdown of creatine in the muscles. It is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in the urine. Unlike other substances such as sodium chloride, glucose, and water, creatinine is not reabsorbed by the kidney tubules. This is because the kidneys play a crucial role in removing waste products from the body, and creatinine is one of those waste products that need to be eliminated rather than reabsorbed.

The correct sequence for oxygenated blood is from the lungs to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle, and finally to the body. This is because oxygenated blood is pumped from the lungs, where it picks up oxygen, to the left side of the heart (left atrium and left ventricle), which then pumps it to the rest of the body.

Animals close in age to the original litter help to ensure successful fostering because they are more likely to have similar developmental needs and behaviors. This can make the transition easier for both the foster animals and the original litter, as they can bond and socialize more easily. Additionally, animals close in age are more likely to have similar energy levels and play styles, which can help them integrate into the foster family more smoothly.

The correct answer is lobulated. The kidney shape of a chicken is described as lobulated, meaning it has multiple lobes or rounded projections. This shape allows for increased surface area and more efficient filtration and reabsorption of waste products and nutrients in the kidney.

Cornified epithelium is not found in the dermal layer. The dermal layer of the skin is composed of connective tissue, hair follicles, and pigment cells. Cornified epithelium, also known as the stratum corneum, is actually part of the epidermal layer of the skin. It is the outermost layer of the epidermis and is responsible for providing protection to the underlying layers.

In rabbits, horses, and rodents, the breakdown of cellulose occurs in the cecum. The cecum is a specialized part of their digestive system where cellulose is fermented by bacteria and other microorganisms to release nutrients that can be absorbed by the animal. This process allows these animals to extract energy from plant material, which is rich in cellulose, and utilize it for their metabolic needs.

The growth in long bones occurs at the epiphysis. The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone, and it contains the growth plate or the epiphyseal plate. This growth plate is responsible for the lengthening of the bone during childhood and adolescence. The growth plate consists of cartilage cells that continuously divide and push the epiphysis away from the diaphysis, resulting in bone growth. Once the growth plate closes, the bones stop growing in length.

Muscle tone refers to the slight tension or contraction present in a muscle at rest. It is not a complete relaxation of the muscle but rather a mild contracted state. This muscle tone helps maintain posture, stabilize joints, and provide a baseline level of muscle readiness for movement. It is particularly important in skeletal muscles, which are striated muscles that are responsible for voluntary movements. Therefore, the answer "A mild contracted state of striated muscle" accurately describes muscle tone.

Animal facility records provide information on whether environmental controls were properly maintained. This information is crucial for ensuring the well-being and safety of the animals in the facility. It helps to monitor and maintain the appropriate temperature, humidity, lighting, and ventilation levels, which are essential for the health and welfare of the animals. Additionally, these records also help in complying with regulatory guidelines and standards. The other options mentioned in the question, such as the ability to repeat experiments under the same conditions and determining the success of an experiment, are not directly related to animal facility records.

Water absorption occurs in the large intestine. The large intestine is the final section of the digestive system, where water is reabsorbed from the undigested food material. This process helps in the formation of solid waste, as the remaining waste material becomes more solid due to the reabsorption of water. The large intestine plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's water balance by absorbing water and preventing excessive water loss through feces.

Vitamins are necessary to complete chemical reactions in the body. They act as coenzymes, which means they help enzymes in carrying out various metabolic reactions. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body, but they require the assistance of coenzymes like vitamins to function properly. Vitamins play a crucial role in energy production, cell growth, immune function, and many other physiological processes. Without an adequate supply of vitamins, the body's chemical reactions would be impaired, leading to various health issues.

Skin is not a form of connective tissue. It is actually the largest organ of the body and is made up of multiple layers including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Connective tissue, on the other hand, is a type of tissue that supports and connects different structures in the body, such as bones, tendons, and ligaments. While skin does contain some connective tissue, it is not solely made up of connective tissue and therefore cannot be classified as a form of connective tissue.

The purpose of the expansion colony is to ensure that genetic traits will not be lost if anything happens to the founders. This means that if something were to happen to the original set of genetic traits, the expansion colony would serve as a backup to preserve those traits.

A coisogenic strain is a strain that differs from another strain by only one spontaneous mutation. This means that the two strains are almost identical except for this one specific mutation. This type of strain is often used in research to study the effects of specific genetic changes on various traits or behaviors.

Incomplete dominance is the correct answer because it refers to a situation where neither of the two alleles is completely dominant over the other, resulting in a blending or intermediate phenotype. In this case, both alleles contribute to the phenotype, leading to a unique expression of the trait that is different from the dominant-recessive pattern. Complex dominance, shared dominance, and split dominance are not valid terms used to describe this phenomenon.

During electroporation, electricity is passed through a DNA + stem cell solution. This electric current creates temporary pores in the cell membrane, allowing the DNA to enter the cells.

Recombinant inbred strains are used for determining gene linkage. This is because these strains are created by repeatedly crossing and self-fertilizing individuals, which leads to a high degree of homozygosity and genetic uniformity. By studying the inheritance patterns of specific traits or genes in these strains, researchers can determine the degree of linkage between different genes and their relative positions on the chromosomes. This information is valuable for understanding the organization and function of genes in the genome.

Connective tissue holds bundles of neurons together to form a nerve. Connective tissue is a type of tissue that provides support and structure to the body. It consists of cells and an extracellular matrix that includes fibers and ground substance. In the case of nerves, connective tissue wraps around and supports the bundles of neurons, helping to protect and organize them. This connective tissue also plays a role in providing blood vessels to the nerves, ensuring they receive the necessary nutrients and oxygen for proper functioning.

The movement of lymph through the lymphatic system is caused by the contraction of skeletal muscles. These muscles push the lymph past valves, ensuring a one-way flow. Smooth muscle movement is not involved in the movement of lymph. Pressure differences between the capillaries and heart also do not directly cause the movement of lymph. Thus, the correct answer is skeletal muscle movement pushing lymph past valves.

Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the ventricles of the brain. The ventricles are interconnected cavities within the brain that produce and contain cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid acts as a cushion, protecting the brain and spinal cord from injury. It also helps to remove waste products and deliver nutrients to the central nervous system.

Targeted mutation mice are used to study the effect of a missing gene. This is done by intentionally modifying or deleting a specific gene in the mouse genome, allowing researchers to observe the consequences of its absence. By comparing the behavior, physiology, and development of these mutant mice to those with the intact gene, scientists can gain insights into the function and importance of the gene in question.