IT Security & Ethical Hacking

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  • 1/132 Questions

    Which file extension is used to indicate a JPEG file?

    • .jar
    • .java
    • .js
    • .jpg
Please wait...
About This Quiz

This exam is meant for the final module for WCSE

IT SecurITy & Ethical Hacking - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    What is the term used when an application receives more data than it is programmed to accept?

    • Buffer overflow

    • Cookie

    • SMTP Relay

    • Open Relay

    Correct Answer
    A. Buffer overflow
    Explanation
    When an application receives more data than it is programmed to accept, it is a buffer overflow. The application will either terminate or write data beyond the allocated space. A cookie is a text file that a browser maintains on a user's hard disk in order to store information about the user. SMTP Relay is an email feature that is intended to allow the server to forward email to other servers. Open Relay is a type of SMTP Relay that is being exploited.

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  • 3. 

    Which type of virus avoids detection by making itself indistinguishable from other applications?

    • Stealth

    • Retrovirus

    • Multipartite

    • Polymorphic

    Correct Answer
    A. Stealth
    Explanation
    A stealth virus avoids detection by making itself indistinguishable from other applications. A retrovirus attacks, or bypasses, the antivirus software installed on a computer. A multipartite virus attacks a system in multiple ways. A polymorphic virus will change its form in order to avoid detection.

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  • 4. 

    In the "grandfather, father, son" backup plan, which refers to the most recent backup?

    • Grandfather

    • Father

    • Son

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Son
    Explanation
    The most recent backup is the son. After another backup is done, the son becomes the father and then the grandfather.

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  • 5. 

    Which of the following web vulnerabilities is being referred to when it receives more data than it is programmed to accept?

    • Buffer Overflows.

    • Cookies

    • Cgi

    • SMTP Relay

    Correct Answer
    A. Buffer Overflows.
    Explanation
    Buffer Overflows is the correct answer because it refers to a web vulnerability where a program or application receives more data than it is designed to handle, causing the excess data to overflow into adjacent memory locations. This can lead to the execution of arbitrary code or a crash in the system.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the below options would you consider as a program that constantly observes data traveling over a network?

    • Smurfer

    • Sniffer

    • Fragmenter

    • Spoofer

    Correct Answer
    A. Sniffer
    Explanation
    A sniffer is a program that constantly observes data traveling over a network. It captures network packets and analyzes their content, allowing users to monitor and analyze network traffic. Sniffers are commonly used for network troubleshooting, security analysis, and performance monitoring. They can help identify network issues, detect malicious activities, and analyze network protocols.

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  • 7. 

    Which type of policy identifies the various actions that must occur in the normal course of employee activities?

    • Administrative

    • Usage

    • User management

    • Security

    Correct Answer
    A. User management
    Explanation
    A user management policy identifies the various actions that must occur in the normal course of employee activities. An administrative policy lays out guidelines and expectations for upgrades, monitoring, backups, and audits. A usage policy covers how information and resources are used. A security policy defines the configuration of systems and networks, including the installation of software, hardware, and network connections.

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  • 8. 

    What is the term used for a text file that a browser maintains on a user's hard disk in order to store information about the user?

    • Buffer overflow

    • Cookie

    • SMTP Relay

    • Open Relay

    Correct Answer
    A. Cookie
    Explanation
    A cookie is a text file that a browser maintains on a user's hard disk in order to store information about the user. When an application receives more data than it is programmed to accept, it is a buffer overflow. The application will either terminate or write data beyond the allocated space. SMTP Relay is an email feature that is intended to allow the server to forward email to other servers. Open Relay is a type of SMTP Relay that is being exploited.

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  • 9. 

    During which general type of attack does someone want to modify information in your system?

    • Access

    • Modification and repudiation

    • Denial-of-service

    • Interception

    Correct Answer
    A. Modification and repudiation
    Explanation
    During a modification and repudiation attack, someone wants to modify information in your system(s). A denial-of-service (DoS) attack tries to disrupt your network and services. In an access attack, someone who should not be able to have access wants access to your resources. Interception is a type of access attack but not a general attack category.

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  • 10. 

    According to a good disaster recovery plan, which of the following must happen during a power outage before an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) drains its battery?

    • A. The PKI CA is relocateD

    • B. The backup generator activates.

    • C. The single point of failure is remedieD.

    • D. Full electrical service is restoreD.

    Correct Answer
    A. B. The backup generator activates.
    Explanation
    During a power outage, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is designed to provide temporary power until a backup generator activates. This ensures that there is continuous power supply to critical systems and prevents any disruption or loss of data. Therefore, the correct answer is B. The backup generator activates.

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following is a device that looks for open ports on a server?

    • Scanner

    • Freezer

    • Sniffer

    • Watchdog

    Correct Answer
    A. Scanner
    Explanation
    A scanner is a device that looks for open ports. A sniffer is a device that captures and displays network traffic. Neither a freezer nor a watchdog is a valid network device used for this purpose.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following would BEST ensure that users have complex passwords?

    • A. ACL

    • B. Domain password policy

    • C. Logical tokens

    • D. Time of day restrictions

    Correct Answer
    A. B. Domain password policy
    Explanation
    A domain password policy is a set of rules and requirements that dictate the complexity of passwords that users must create. By implementing a domain password policy, organizations can enforce the use of complex passwords that include a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters. This helps to ensure that users have strong passwords that are less susceptible to being guessed or cracked by attackers.

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following goals of information security refers to identifying events when they occur?

    • Detection

    • Prevention

    • Recursion

    • Response

    Correct Answer
    A. Detection
    Explanation
    The three primary goals of information security are prevention, detection, and response. Detection refers to identifying events when they occur. Prevention refers to preventing computer or information violations from occurring. Response refers to developing strategies and techniques to deal with an attack or loss.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following logs shows when the workstation was last shutdown?  

    • DHCP

    • Security

    • Access

    • System

    Correct Answer
    A. System
    Explanation
    The System log shows when the workstation was last shutdown. This log contains information about system events, including shutdown and startup events. By checking the System log, one can find the specific entry that indicates the time and date of the last shutdown.

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  • 15. 

    Which language is seen as a successor to HTML and offers many capabilities that HTML does not?

    • XML

    • SGML

    • CSS

    • CML

    Correct Answer
    A. XML
    Explanation
    eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is seen as a successor to HTML and offers many capabilities that HTML does not. The other choices are all languages that predate HTML or are not seen as successors to HTML.

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  • 16. 

    What is the term used for an email feature intended to allow the server to forward email to other servers?

    • Buffer overflow

    • Cookie

    • SMTP Relay

    • Open Relay

    Correct Answer
    A. SMTP Relay
    Explanation
    SMTP Relay is an email feature that is intended to allow the server to forward email to other servers. When an application receives more data than it is programmed to accept, it is a buffer overflow. The application will either terminate or write data beyond the allocated space. A cookie is a text file that a browser maintains on a user's hard disk in order to store information about the user. Open Relay is a type of SMTP Relay that is being exploited.

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  • 17. 

    Which type of virus attacks a system in multiple ways?

    • Stealth

    • Retrovirus

    • Multipartite

    • Polymorphic

    Correct Answer
    A. Multipartite
    Explanation
    A multipartite virus attacks a system in multiple ways. A polymorphic virus will change its form in order to avoid detection. A stealth virus avoids detection by making itself indistinguishable from other applications. A retrovirus attacks, or bypasses, the antivirus software installed on a computer.

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  • 18. 

    Which of the following is another name for active sniffing?

    • War driving

    • Chalking

    • TCP/IP hijacking

    • Apt cleanup

    Correct Answer
    A. TCP/IP hijacking
    Explanation
    Active sniffing is more commonly known as TCP/IP hijacking. The other choices given are not valid names for active sniffing.

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  • 19. 

    What type of software acts on behalf of a third party and collects information?

    • Rootkit

    • Spyware

    • Adware

    • SCR

    Correct Answer
    A. Spyware
    Explanation
    Spyware is software that acts on behalf of a third party and collects information. Rootkits have become popular and work by hiding certain things (such as running processes) from the operating system. Adware is a type of spyware that is often used to generate unwanted/unsolicited pop-up advertisements. SCR viruses are those that are disguised as or within screen savers.

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  • 20. 

    Which type of policy lays out guidelines and expectations for upgrades, monitoring, backups, and audits?

    • Administrative

    • Usage

    • User management

    • Security

    Correct Answer
    A. Administrative
    Explanation
    An administrative policy lays out guidelines and expectations for upgrades, monitoring, backups, and audits. A usage policy covers how information and resources are used. A user management policy identifies the various actions that must occur in the normal course of employee activities. A security policy defines the configuration of systems and networks, including the installation of software, hardware, and network connections.

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  • 21. 

    Choose the option that details one of the primary benefits of using S/MIME (Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension)?

    • S/MIME allows users to send both encrypted and digitally signed e-mail messages.

    • S/MIME allows users to send anonymous e-mail messages.

    • S/MIME allows users to send e-mail messages with a return receipt.

    • S/MIME expedites the delivery of e-mail messages.

    Correct Answer
    A. S/MIME allows users to send both encrypted and digitally signed e-mail messages.
    Explanation
    S/MIME (Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension) allows users to send both encrypted and digitally signed e-mail messages. Encryption ensures that the content of the email is protected and can only be accessed by the intended recipient. Digital signatures provide authentication and verify the integrity of the message, ensuring that it has not been tampered with during transmission. This helps to maintain confidentiality, privacy, and trust in email communication.

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  • 22. 

    One type of port scan can determine which ports are in a listening state on the network, and can then perform a three way handshake. Which type of port scan can perform this set of actions?

    • A TCP (transmission Control Protocol) SYN (Synchronize) scan

    • A TCP (transmission Control Protocol) connect scan

    • A TCP (transmission Control Protocol) fin scan

    • A TCP (transmission Control Protocol) null scan

    Correct Answer
    A. A TCP (transmission Control Protocol) SYN (Synchronize) scan
    Explanation
    A TCP SYN scan is able to determine which ports are in a listening state on the network and can perform a three-way handshake. This type of scan sends a SYN packet to the target host and waits for a response. If the port is open and in a listening state, the host will respond with a SYN-ACK packet. The scanner then sends an RST packet to close the connection. If the port is closed, the host will respond with a RST packet. This scan is stealthy as it does not complete the handshake, making it harder to detect.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following goals of information security refers to preventing computer or information violations from occurring?

    • Detection

    • Prevention

    • Recursion

    • Response

    Correct Answer
    A. Prevention
    Explanation
    The three primary goals of information security are prevention, detection, and response. Prevention refers to preventing computer or information violations from occurring. Detection refers to identifying events when they occur. Response refers to developing strategies and techniques to deal with an attack or loss.

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  • 24. 

    Which of the following definitions BEST suit Buffer Overflow?

    • It receives more data than it is programmed to accept.

    • It is used to provide a persistent, customized web experience for each visit.

    • It's an older form of scripting that was used extensively in early web systems

    • It has a feature designed into many e-mail servers that allows them to forward e-mail to other email servers

    Correct Answer
    A. It receives more data than it is programmed to accept.
    Explanation
    Buffer Overflow refers to a situation where a program or system receives more data than it is programmed to accept. This can lead to the excess data being written into adjacent memory locations, potentially causing the program to crash or allowing an attacker to execute malicious code.

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  • 25. 

    Which access control system allows the system administrator to establish access permissions to network resources?

    • MAC

    • DAC

    • RBAC

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. MAC
    Explanation
    MAC stands for Mandatory Access Control. It is an access control system that allows the system administrator to establish access permissions to network resources. In MAC, access permissions are determined by the system based on predefined rules and policies. The system administrator sets the access permissions for each user or group based on their security clearance level or other factors. This ensures that only authorized users can access specific network resources, providing a higher level of security and control. DAC (Discretionary Access Control) and RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) are also access control systems, but they do not specifically mention the ability for the system administrator to establish access permissions to network resources.

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  • 26. 

    Which of the following is a remote administration tool used by attackers to take control of Windows-based systems in a backdoor type of attack?

    • Back Orifice

    • Dictionary

    • Man-in-the-middle

    • Brute force

    Correct Answer
    A. Back Orifice
    Explanation
    Back Orifice is a remote administration tool used by attackers to take control of Windows-based systems in a backdoor type of attack. Brute-force attacks and dictionary attacks are password-guessing attacks, while man-in-the-middle is its own type of attack and not a type of remote administration attack.

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  • 27. 

    Human resource department personnel should be trained about security policy:

    • Guidelines and enforcement.

    • Maintenance

    • Monitoring and administration

    • Implementation

    Correct Answer
    A. Guidelines and enforcement.
    Explanation
    The human resource department personnel should be trained about security policy guidelines and enforcement to ensure that they understand the rules and regulations regarding security within the organization. By being trained on these guidelines, they will be able to effectively enforce them and ensure that all employees are following the necessary security protocols. This training will also help them understand the importance of security and the potential risks that can arise if these guidelines are not followed.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following are common ways to provide secure connections between a web client and a web server? (Choose two.)

    • ActiveX

    • SSL/TLS

    • SML

    • HTTPS

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. SSL/TLS
    A. HTTPS
    Explanation
    Both Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) and HTTP Secure (HTTPS) are common ways to provide secure connections between a web client and a web server. Regardless of which is used, port 443 is utilized. The other two choices are not valid protocols for providing secure connections between a web client and a web server.

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  • 29. 

    Most current encryption schemes are based on

    • Digital rights management

    • Time stamps

    • Randomizing

    • Algorithms

    Correct Answer
    A. Algorithms
    Explanation
    Most current encryption schemes are based on algorithms. Encryption is the process of converting plaintext into ciphertext to protect data from unauthorized access. Algorithms are a set of rules or procedures that determine how the encryption and decryption process is performed. They provide a systematic way of transforming data using mathematical operations, making it difficult for attackers to decipher the encrypted information without the proper key. Therefore, algorithms play a crucial role in ensuring the security and confidentiality of data in encryption schemes.

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  • 30. 

    The purpose of a DNS server is to enable people and applications to lookup records in DNS tables. Why implement security logging on a DNS server?

    • To monitor unauthorized zone transfers

    • To control unauthorized DNSDoS

    • To measure the DNS server performance

    • To perform penetration testing on the DNS server

    Correct Answer
    A. To monitor unauthorized zone transfers
    Explanation
    Implementing security logging on a DNS server allows for the monitoring of unauthorized zone transfers. This means that any attempts to transfer DNS records without proper authorization can be detected and investigated. By keeping track of these activities, organizations can ensure the integrity and security of their DNS infrastructure.

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  • 31. 

    PKI to encrypt sensitive emails sent to an assistant. In addition to encrypting the body of the email, the executive wants to encrypt the signature so that the assistant can verify that the email actually came from the executive. Which asymmetric key should be used by the executive to encrypt the signature?

    • Shared

    • Private

    • Hash

    • Public

    Correct Answer
    A. Private
    Explanation
    The executive should use their private key to encrypt the signature. In a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), asymmetric encryption is used, where a pair of keys is generated - a public key and a private key. The private key is kept confidential and is used for encryption, while the public key is shared with others for decryption. By encrypting the signature with their private key, the assistant can verify that the email actually came from the executive by decrypting the signature using the executive's public key.

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  • 32. 

    Which of the following is a type of spyware that is often used to generate unwanted/unsolicited pop-up advertisements?

    • Rootkit

    • Grayware

    • Adware

    • SCR

    Correct Answer
    A. Adware
    Explanation
    Spyware is software that acts on behalf of a third party and collects information. Adware is a type of spyware that is often used to generate unwanted/unsolicited pop-up advertisements. Rootkits have become popular and work by hiding certain things (such as running processes) from the operating system. SCR viruses are those that are disguised as or within screen savers.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following access attacks amounts to listening in on or overhearing parts of a conversation?

    • Snooping

    • Passive interception

    • Eavesdropping

    • Active interception

    Correct Answer
    A. Eavesdropping
    Explanation
    All of the choices listed are various types of access attacks. In an eavesdropping attack, the attacker listens in on or overhears parts of a conversation. In a snooping attack, someone looks through your files in hopes of finding something interesting. In a passive interception attack, someone routinely monitors network traffic. In an active interception attack, a computer is placed between the sender and receiver to capture information while it's sent.

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  • 34. 

    Which of the following are popular examples of denial-of-service attacks? (Choose all that apply.)

    • Buffer overflow

    • Star of pain

    • Ping of death

    • Memlock

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Buffer overflow
    A. Ping of death
    Explanation
    Both the ping of death and buffer overflow attacks are popular examples of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. The other options given are fictitious and not popular examples of DoS attacks.

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  • 35. 

    Which file extension is used to indicate a JavaScript file?

    • .jar

    • .java

    • .js

    • .jpg

    Correct Answer
    A. .js
    Explanation
    The extension for a JavaScript file is .js. The extension for a JPEG file is .jpg. The extension for a Java applet is .jar. The extension on Java source code is .java.

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  • 36. 

    Which type of backup storage is stored in the same location as the computer center?

    • Working

    • Warm

    • Onsite

    • Obtainable

    Correct Answer
    A. Onsite
    Explanation
    Onsite storage refers to backup information stored locally; this is often the most recent set of backups.

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  • 37. 

    Which of the following logs shows when the workstation was last shutdown?  

    • Security

    • DHCP

    • Acces

    • System

    Correct Answer
    A. System
    Explanation
    The System log shows when the workstation was last shutdown. This log contains information about the operating system, including events related to system startup and shutdown. By checking the System log, one can find the timestamp of the last shutdown event, providing the information about when the workstation was last shutdown.

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  • 38. 

    An administrator wants to make sure that no equipment is damaged when encountering a fire or false alarm in the server room. Which type of fire suppression system should be used?

    • Carbon Dioxide

    • Deluge sprinkler

    • Hydrogen Peroxide

    • Wet pipe sprinkler

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbon Dioxide
    Explanation
    A carbon dioxide fire suppression system should be used in the server room to ensure that no equipment is damaged during a fire or false alarm. Carbon dioxide is an effective fire suppression agent as it displaces oxygen, thereby suffocating the fire. Unlike water-based systems like deluge sprinklers or wet pipe sprinklers, carbon dioxide does not cause water damage to the equipment. Hydrogen peroxide is not commonly used as a fire suppression agent in server rooms.

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  • 39. 

    During which general type of attack does someone try to disrupt your network and services?

    • Access

    • Modification and repudiation

    • Denial-of-service

    • Interception

    Correct Answer
    A. Denial-of-service
    Explanation
    A denial-of-service (DoS) attack tries to disrupt your network and services. In an access attack, someone who should not be able to have access wants access to your resources. During a modification and repudiation attack, someone wants to modify information in your system(s). Interception is a type of access attack but not a general attack category type.

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  • 40. 

    You want to block all web traffic on the firewall, with and without SSL. Which port(s) should you block? (Choose all that apply.)

    • 80

    • 334

    • 443

    • 801

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. 80
    A. 443
    Explanation
    Standard web traffic uses port 80. When SSL is used (HTTPS), traffic is conducted on port 443. You don't need to block the other ports.

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  • 41. 

    Which of the following is a remote administration tool used by attackers to take control of Windows-based systems in a backdoor type of attack?

    • Brute force

    • Dictionary

    • Man-in-the-middle

    • NetBus

    Correct Answer
    A. NetBus
    Explanation
    NetBus is a remote administration tool used by attackers to take control of Windows-based systems in a backdoor type of attack. Brute-force attacks and dictionary attacks are password-guessing attacks, while man-in-the-middle is its own type of attack and not a type of remote administration attack.

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  • 42. 

    Which type of policy covers how information and resources are used?

    • Administrative

    • Usage

    • User management

    • Security

    Correct Answer
    A. Usage
    Explanation
    A usage policy covers how information and resources are used. An administrative policy lays out guidelines and expectations for upgrades, monitoring, backups, and audits. A user management policy identifies the various actions that must occur in the normal course of employee activities. A security policy defines the configuration of systems and networks, including the installation of software, hardware, and network connections.

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  • 43. 

    What does the DAC access control model use to identify the users who have permissions to a resource?

    • Predefined access privileges.

    • The role or responsibilities users have in the organization

    • Access Control Lists

    • None of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. Access Control Lists
    Explanation
    The DAC access control model uses Access Control Lists (ACLs) to identify the users who have permissions to a resource. ACLs are a list of permissions associated with an object, such as a file or folder, that determine which users or groups can access the resource and what actions they can perform on it. With ACLs, the system can easily identify and enforce the access privileges of different users, allowing or denying access based on their permissions.

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  • 44. 

    Which of the following types of removable media is write-once and appropriate for archiving security logs?

    • Tape

    • CD-R

    • Hard disk

    • USB drive

    Correct Answer
    A. CD-R
    Explanation
    CD-R, or Compact Disc-Recordable, is a type of removable media that can be written on once and is suitable for archiving security logs. Once data is written onto a CD-R, it cannot be erased or modified, making it a secure option for storing important information. CD-Rs are also durable and have a long lifespan, making them a reliable choice for long-term storage and archival purposes.

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  • 45. 

    Which type of virus often attacks the antivirus software installed on a computer?

    • Stealth

    • Retrovirus

    • Multipartite

    • Polymorphic

    Correct Answer
    A. Retrovirus
    Explanation
    A retrovirus attacks, or bypasses, the antivirus software installed on a computer. A stealth virus avoids detection by making itself indistinguishable from other applications. A multipartite virus attacks a system in multiple ways. A polymorphic virus will change its form in order to avoid detection.

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  • 46. 

    What is the minimum number of disks necessary to implement RAID 1?

    • 1

    • 2

    • 3

    • 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 2
    Explanation
    RAID 1, mirroring, requires a minimum of two disks. RAID 0, disk striping, requires a minimum of two disks. RAID 3, disk striping with a dedicated parity disk, requires a minimum of three disks. RAID 5, disk striping with parity, requires a minimum of three disks.

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  • 47. 

    Which of the below options would you consider as a program that constantly observes data traveling over a network?

    • Smurfer

    • Sniffer

    • Fragmenter

    • Spoofer

    Correct Answer
    A. Sniffer
    Explanation
    A sniffer is a program that constantly observes data traveling over a network. It captures and analyzes network traffic, allowing the user to monitor and analyze the data being transmitted. This can be useful for network troubleshooting, security monitoring, and performance analysis. A sniffer can capture packets from the network and display their contents, providing insights into the network traffic and helping to identify any issues or anomalies.

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  • 48. 

    Which of the following definitions would be correct regarding Eavesdropping?

    • Placing a computer system between the sender and receiver to capture information.

    • Someone looking through your files.

    • Listening or overhearing parts of a conversation

    • Involve someone who routinely monitors network traffic.

    Correct Answer
    A. Listening or overhearing parts of a conversation
    Explanation
    Eavesdropping refers to the act of listening or overhearing parts of a conversation without the knowledge or consent of the individuals involved. This can be done intentionally or unintentionally, and it typically involves gathering information that is meant to be private or confidential. Eavesdropping can occur in various settings, such as in-person conversations, phone calls, or electronic communications. It is considered a breach of privacy and can be illegal in certain circumstances.

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  • 49. 

    A peer-to-peer computer network uses diverse connectivity between participants in a network and the cumulative bandwidth of network participants rather than conventional centralized resources where a relatively low number of servers provide the core value to a service or application. Which of the following is a security risk while using peer-to-peer software?

    • Licensing

    • Cookies

    • Data leakage

    • Multiple streams

    Correct Answer
    A. Data leakage
    Explanation
    Data leakage is a security risk while using peer-to-peer software because it involves the unauthorized or unintentional disclosure of sensitive or confidential information. Peer-to-peer networks allow for direct sharing of files and data between participants, which can increase the risk of data being leaked or accessed by unauthorized individuals. This can result in privacy breaches, loss of sensitive information, and potential legal and financial consequences for individuals or organizations involved.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 20, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Apr 27, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Ashwaniwetech

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