Irw Camp Management Training Pre-test

A refugee is someone who has been forced to move from their home country due to persecution, conflict, or violence and has crossed an international border to seek safety in another country. On the other hand, an IDP (Internally Displaced Person) is someone who has also been forced to leave their home but has remained within their own country's borders. They may have fled their homes due to similar reasons as refugees, but they have not crossed an international border. The key distinction between the two is the location of displacement, with refugees seeking refuge in another country and IDPs remaining within their own country.

The principle of non-refoulement refers to the protection of refugees from being sent back to a place where their life or freedom would be at risk. It prohibits states from returning refugees to a country where they may face persecution, torture, or other serious human rights violations. This principle is a fundamental aspect of international refugee law and is aimed at ensuring the safety and well-being of individuals fleeing from dangerous situations.

Meeting regularly with the community can be an example of using the Acceptance approach to security because it involves building relationships and trust with the community. By regularly engaging with the community, security risks can be identified and addressed collaboratively. This approach acknowledges that security is a shared responsibility and emphasizes the importance of involving the community in security measures. It also promotes open communication and cooperation, which can help prevent and mitigate security incidents.

The host country is responsible for security in a camp setting. As the camp is located within their jurisdiction, it is their duty to ensure the safety and protection of the individuals residing in the camp. This includes maintaining law and order, providing necessary security measures, and addressing any security concerns that may arise. While NGOs, UNHCR, and UN DSS may play supportive roles in terms of providing assistance and guidance, the primary responsibility lies with the host country.

When it may cause conflict with nearby host communities, it is appropriate to intentionally not meet Sphere standards. This is because avoiding actions that may lead to conflicts with host communities can help maintain positive relationships and prevent tensions. It is important to prioritize the well-being and harmony of both refugees and host communities, even if it means deviating from certain standards.

UNICEF is the correct answer because it is the agency that leads the cluster for water and sanitation. UNICEF has a significant role in providing clean water, sanitation facilities, and hygiene promotion in various countries. They work closely with other organizations, governments, and communities to ensure access to safe water and proper sanitation, especially in areas affected by emergencies or crises.

The three strategies for security include acceptance, deterrence, and protection. Protection refers to the measures taken to safeguard against potential threats or risks. It involves implementing security controls, such as firewalls, encryption, or access controls, to prevent unauthorized access or damage to systems, data, or assets. By focusing on protection, organizations can proactively mitigate risks and ensure the safety and integrity of their resources.

UNHCR is the Cluster lead for conflicts!

Settlement in a camp usually represents the least desirable option for a refugee. While staying with family or friends provides a sense of familiarity and support, settlement in a camp often means living in overcrowded and temporary conditions with limited access to basic services and opportunities for self-sufficiency. Voluntary repatriation, local integration, and resettlement to a third country offer better prospects for stability, security, and a chance to rebuild their lives.

Contour lines on a map represent elevation. They are lines that connect points of equal elevation above or below a reference point, usually sea level. These lines help to visualize the shape and steepness of the land, as well as identify features such as hills, valleys, and mountains. By following the contour lines, one can determine the changes in elevation and plan routes accordingly.

According to site planning standards, the minimum total open space needed for a camp is 30 square metres per person. This means that each person should have access to at least 30 square metres of open space within the camp area. This allows for sufficient room for activities, circulation, and relaxation, ensuring a comfortable and safe environment for campers.

The Red Cross/Red Crescent Code of Conduct emphasizes the importance of respecting culture and custom, involving beneficiaries in aid delivery, and striving to reduce future vulnerabilities to disaster. However, it does not specifically state that support for women and children should be prioritized. While the Red Cross/Red Crescent may provide support for women and children, it does not exclude or prioritize them over other groups in need.

The minimum size of a tent for a family of 4, according to Sphere, is 14 square metres.