Industrialization And Nationalism Section Quiz Ch.19-4

Organic evolution refers to the theory that life forms develop from simpler forms. This theory suggests that over time, species change and adapt to their environment through a process called natural selection. Natural selection allows individuals with advantageous traits to survive and reproduce, passing on these traits to future generations. This explanation aligns with the concept of organic evolution, making it the correct answer.

Secularization refers to the process of separating religion from other aspects of society, such as politics, education, and social institutions. It involves the decline in religious influence and the increased importance of secular values and institutions. In the context of the given question, if someone has indifference to religion, it suggests that they do not prioritize or have a strong interest in religious beliefs or practices. Therefore, secularization is the most appropriate term that captures this idea of indifference to religion.

The correct answer is that they were all romantic writers. This is evident from the names mentioned in the question - Walter Scott, Mary Shelley, Edgar Allen Poe, and William Wordsworth - all of whom were known for their works in the Romantic era of literature.

Louis Pasteur is known for his contributions to the field of microbiology and the development of the germ theory of disease. He conducted experiments that disproved the theory of spontaneous generation and provided evidence to support the idea that microorganisms, or germs, are the cause of many diseases. His work revolutionized the understanding of infectious diseases and led to advancements in sanitation and the development of vaccines. Therefore, it is accurate to say that Pasteur proposed the germ theory of disease.

Romanticism is the correct answer because it emphasizes the use of feelings and emotions over reason. This artistic and intellectual movement, which emerged in the late 18th century, rejected the rationality and order of the Enlightenment period and instead celebrated individuality, imagination, and the power of emotions. Romanticism sought to evoke strong emotional responses and focused on the beauty of nature, the supernatural, and the expression of personal experiences and emotions. It was a reaction against the increasing industrialization and rationalization of society, valuing the subjective and the irrational.

Natural selection is the theory that some organisms are more adaptable and better suited to their environment, allowing them to survive and reproduce more successfully than others. This process leads to the gradual change and adaptation of species over time. It is a key mechanism in the theory of organic evolution, which explains how different species have developed and diversified over millions of years. Natural selection is based on the idea that individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation, while those with less advantageous traits are less likely to reproduce.

The romantic artists used music, literature, and painting as a means to stir the emotions. They aimed to evoke strong feelings and create a deep emotional response in their audience. Rather than focusing solely on expressing their love for women or making people fall in love, their goal was to elicit a wide range of emotions through their artistic creations. The romantic movement was not about rejecting modern innovations but rather about embracing individualism, imagination, and intense emotions.

Realism is a literary movement that emphasizes ordinary characters and precise descriptions. It seeks to portray life as it is, without idealization or romanticized notions. Realist writers aim to depict the realities of society, often focusing on the struggles and experiences of common people. This movement emerged as a response to Romanticism, which emphasized imagination, emotion, and idealized portrayals of life. Realism, on the other hand, aims to present a more accurate and objective representation of reality. It is not related to concepts like natural selection, secularization, or organic evolution.

The correct answer is "mirror the artist's imagination." Romantic painters were known for their emphasis on individual expression and subjective interpretation of the world. They sought to capture the emotions, dreams, and fantasies of the artist through their artwork, rather than simply re-creating nature or adhering to the standards of the traditional art academy. By mirroring the artist's imagination, Romantic painters aimed to evoke a sense of wonder, passion, and personal vision in their works.

The correct answer is "criticized aspects of nineteenth-century life." The statement suggests that the realist novels of Flaubert and Dickens were critical of certain aspects of life during the nineteenth century. This implies that the authors used their novels as a means to highlight and comment on the negative aspects of society during that time period.