Indian Head Massage Part 2 Lesson 1

As individuals age, they experience a loss of subcutaneous tissue, which is the fatty layer beneath the skin. This loss of tissue can contribute to facial sagging and make wrinkles more visible. Therefore, the statement is true.

Abnormal function of the vascular system can indeed lead to headache pain. This can occur when blood vessels are compressed by muscles or tissue in spasm, causing disruption to the normal flow of blood and oxygen to the brain. This disruption can trigger headaches and result in pain. Therefore, the statement is true.

The dermis, which is the second layer of the skin, contains sebaceous glands that produce and release sebum, a natural oil. Sebum helps to lubricate and moisturize the skin, keeping it soft and supple. It also helps to protect the skin from external factors such as bacteria and moisture loss. Therefore, it is true that the dermis has sebaceous glands that secrete sebum.

Increased oxygen and nutrients are essential for tissue repair and recovery of the muscle. Oxygen helps in the formation of new blood vessels, which deliver nutrients to the damaged tissue. Nutrients, such as proteins and carbohydrates, provide the building blocks for tissue repair. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that increased oxygen and nutrients do not aid tissue repair and recovery of the muscle.

The sub cutis, also known as the hypodermis, is the layer of tissue that separates the dermis from the underlying muscle. It allows for movement of the skin over the muscle and is also attached to muscles and organs. The dermis is the layer of skin below the epidermis and is responsible for providing strength and elasticity to the skin. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and serves as a protective barrier.

Muscle spasms or dislocation of the disk in question can lead to headache pain. This implies that there is a specific disk in the body that, when affected by muscle spasms or dislocation, can cause headaches. Therefore, the statement "Muscle spasms or dislocation of this disk can cause headache pain" is true.

When a person experiences stress or tension, the muscles in their head can contract, leading to the stimulation of entrapped nerves. This stimulation causes localized headache pain to be sent to the brain.

The epidermis does not contain nerves or blood vessels. It is the outermost layer of the skin and is primarily composed of dead skin cells. The dermis, on the other hand, is the layer beneath the epidermis and contains nerves, blood vessels, and other structures. Therefore, the statement that the epidermis contains nerves and blood vessels is false.

The statement "Fibres from dermis DONT extend down to subcutaneous layer to anchor" is false. Fibers from the dermis do extend down to the subcutaneous layer to anchor the skin. The dermis is composed of connective tissue, including collagen and elastin fibers, which provide structural support and elasticity to the skin. These fibers extend into the subcutaneous layer, helping to anchor the skin and maintain its position.

Follicles are deep pits that extend into the dermis layer of the skin. The dermis is the second layer of the skin, located beneath the epidermis. It is composed of connective tissue and contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. The follicles, which are responsible for hair growth, extend into the dermis layer to receive nutrients and support from the blood vessels and nerves present in this layer.

The external root sheath of a hair follicle is continuous along with the epidermis. This means that the outer layer of the hair follicle, known as the external root sheath, is connected to the outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. This connection allows for the hair follicle to be anchored in the skin and for the hair to grow through the epidermis. Therefore, the statement is true.

People who are addicted to exercise often engage in excessive physical activity, leading to increased stress on their bones and joints. This constant stress and strain cause the bones and joints to adapt and become stronger, resulting in larger bone and joint structures. In contrast, individuals who do not engage in excessive exercise do not experience the same level of stress on their bones and joints, leading to smaller bone and joint structures. Therefore, the statement that the bones and joints of people addicted to exercise are larger than those of individuals who do not exercise excessively is true.

Melanin is the pigment referred to in the question, and it is produced by cells called melanocytes. Melanin is responsible for determining the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. Melanocytes are specialized cells found in the skin, hair follicles, and other parts of the body that produce melanin. These cells transfer melanin to nearby skin cells, which helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays.

The subcutis, also known as the hypodermis, is the layer of skin that acts as a shock absorber and heat insulator. It is composed of adipose tissue, which helps to cushion and protect the underlying tissues from cold and trauma. This layer also plays a role in regulating body temperature by providing insulation. The dermis, on the other hand, is the layer below the epidermis and is responsible for providing structural support to the skin. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and serves as a protective barrier.

The correct answer is "sebaceous." Sebaceous glands are located adjacent to the hair follicles and are responsible for producing and secreting sebum, which is a natural oil that lubricates the hair.

On average, people lose between 60 and 100 hairs from their scalp each day. This is considered to be a normal amount of hair loss.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that bones and muscles share a common blood supply. When a muscle is exercised and grows in size, it also stimulates growth in the bone to which it is attached. This is because the increased blood flow and nutrients provided to the muscle also benefit the bone, leading to its growth. Therefore, the statement is true.

Each hair follicle lives in a cycle consisting of a long period of growth followed by a relatively short period of rest. This means that hair follicles go through a process called the hair growth cycle, which includes anagen (the active growth phase) and telogen (the resting phase). During the anagen phase, the hair follicle grows and produces new hair, while during the telogen phase, the hair follicle rests and no new hair is produced. This cycle repeats itself throughout a person's life, resulting in the continuous growth and shedding of hair.

Bones are primarily made up of calcium and phosphorus. These minerals provide the strength and rigidity to the bones. Calcium is the main component of the bone matrix, while phosphorus is essential for the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals, which make the bones hard and resistant to compression. Together, calcium and phosphorus play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and integrity of the skeletal system.

Some individuals experience a unique hair growth cycle where they lose all their hair every seven years. This cycle is not continuous, meaning they remain bald for around four months before their hair starts to regrow normally. This phenomenon is rare but does occur in both males and females. Therefore, the statement is true.

During the resting phase of the hair growth cycle, the old hair is shed and a new hair begins to grow. This indicates that the hair follicle is still active and producing new hair. The rest period refers to a phase where the hair is not growing, but it is still attached to the hair follicle. Therefore, the correct answer states that after the resting phase, the hair is shed and a newer hair begins to grow, while during the rest period, the hair is still attached to the hair follicle but not growing.

The telogen stage refers to the resting phase of the hair growth cycle, during which the hair follicle is not actively producing hair. This stage typically lasts for several months, usually around 3-4 months. During this time, the old hair is shed and new hair begins to grow. Therefore, the correct answer is 3-4 months.

During the ages of 16-30, hair tends to grow the fastest. This is because during this time, the body is in its prime and the hair follicles are at their most active state. Hormonal changes and increased metabolism during this age range contribute to the rapid growth of hair. Additionally, the hair growth cycle is at its peak during these years, resulting in faster and healthier hair growth.

Keratin is a large molecule that is composed of smaller units known as amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and keratin is a type of protein that is found in various parts of the body, such as hair, nails, and skin. Therefore, it is correct to say that keratin is made up of amino acids.

During the catagen stage of the hair growth cycle, the hair follicle transitions from the growth phase to the rest phase. This stage typically lasts for 1 to 2 weeks. During this period, the deeper portions of the hair follicles start to collapse.

At any given time, approximately 10% of hair follicles are in the intermediate and shedding phases. This means that these follicles are either transitioning from the growth phase to the resting phase or are actively shedding hair. The remaining 90% of hair follicles are in the growth phase, where new hair is being produced.

The jaw is operated by a combination of muscles, ligaments, and a small cartilage disk. Muscles play a crucial role in the movement of the jaw, allowing it to open, close, and move from side to side. Ligaments provide stability and support to the jaw joint, helping to hold it in place and prevent dislocation. The small cartilage disk acts as a cushion between the jawbone and the skull, allowing for smooth and pain-free movement of the jaw.

The correct answer is 0.05-0.09 mm. This range is commonly observed for the diameter of a single hair fibre. It is important to note that the diameter can vary from person to person, but this range is generally accepted as the average size.

The anagen stage refers to the active growth phase of hair follicles. During this phase, the hair follicles are actively producing new hair. The anagen stage for hair follicles in the scalp typically lasts for a period of 3-5 years. This means that each hair strand on the scalp will grow for this duration before entering the next stage of the hair growth cycle.

The dermis is the second layer of the skin, and it contains several important structures. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that supply the dermis with oxygen and nutrients. Lymphatics are vessels that help remove waste and toxins from the skin. Nerve endings are responsible for sensation and transmit signals to the brain. Sweat glands produce sweat, which helps regulate body temperature. Therefore, the dermis contains capillaries, lymphatics, nerve endings, and sweat glands.

The axial skeleton is composed of six parts: the skull, ossicles, inner ear, hyoid bone, rib cage, and vertebral column. The skull protects the brain and houses the sensory organs for vision, hearing, and smell. The ossicles are three small bones in the middle ear that transmit sound vibrations. The inner ear contains the cochlea, which is responsible for hearing, and the vestibular system, which helps with balance. The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue and helps with swallowing. The rib cage protects the organs in the chest, such as the heart and lungs. The vertebral column, also known as the spine, provides support for the body and protects the spinal cord.

The functions of the skin include protection, absorption, regulation of body temperature, excretion and secretion, sensation, immunity, and acting as a blood reservoir. The skin acts as a barrier against external factors such as pathogens, chemicals, and UV radiation, protecting the underlying tissues. It also helps in the absorption of certain substances like medications. The skin plays a role in regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood vessel dilation or constriction. It excretes waste products through sweat and sebum secretion. The skin contains sensory receptors that allow us to feel touch, pain, and temperature. It also plays a crucial role in the immune system, acting as a defense against pathogens. Additionally, the skin acts as a blood reservoir, allowing for the redistribution of blood flow to other organs when needed.

Hairs are primarily composed of a protein called keratin, which provides strength and structure to the hair strands. They grow out from structures called follicles, which are small cavities in the skin where the hair roots are located. These follicles play a crucial role in hair growth and development.

The jaw is considered the most complex joint in the body due to its ability to move in multiple directions. It is a hinge joint that allows for opening and closing of the mouth, as well as side-to-side and forward-backward movements. Additionally, the jaw joint, known as the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), is responsible for facilitating actions such as chewing, speaking, and yawning. Its complexity is further heightened by the presence of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves that work together to ensure proper functioning of the jaw.

The skin consists of three principal parts structurally: the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin and provides protection; the dermis, which is the middle layer and contains blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles; and the subcutis, which is the innermost layer and consists of fat and connective tissue. These three layers work together to provide support, protection, and insulation for the body.

The correct answer states that the skeletal system has 206 bones, which is the correct number of bones in the human body. After the age of 25, the bones stop growing in length but can still thicken. This is an accurate statement about bone growth. The answer also mentions that bone is living tissue and is constantly being built up and broken down, which is true as bone undergoes a process called remodeling. Additionally, the answer correctly states that the skeletal system is made up of 30% living tissue and 70% minerals. Lastly, it mentions that out of the 206 bones, 80 are axial (head and trunk) and 126 are appendicular (upper and lower extremities), which is the correct distribution of bones in the body.

Massage improves the function of sebaceous and sweat glands, which helps to keep the skin lubricated, clean, and cool. It also acts as exercise for the skin, promoting blood circulation and toning the muscles underneath. Additionally, regular massage increases the skin's ability to defend against changes in temperature, making it more resilient and adaptable.

During the spring and autumn seasons, there is a phenomenon called seasonal hair shedding, also known as telogen effluvium. This occurs due to changes in the hair growth cycle, where more hair follicles enter the resting (telogen) phase and eventually shed. The transition from winter to spring and summer to autumn involves changes in weather, temperature, and daylight hours, which can trigger this hair loss. Therefore, it is common to notice more hair loss during these seasons.

The subcutis, also known as the hypodermis, is the deepest layer of the skin. It contains various components, including nerve endings, lymphatic vessels, and fat cells. Nerve endings are responsible for transmitting sensory information, allowing us to feel sensations such as touch and pain. Lymphatic vessels play a role in the immune system, helping to transport lymph fluid and filter out waste and toxins. Fat cells, also known as adipocytes, store energy and provide insulation and cushioning for the body. Therefore, the subcutis contains nerve endings, lymphatic vessels, and fat cells.

The hair follicle is the origin point of hair growth, located within the subcutaneous layer of the scalp. The subcutaneous layer is the deepest layer of the skin, lying just beneath the dermis. It consists of connective tissue, fat cells, and blood vessels. The hair follicle is embedded within this layer, providing nourishment and support for the hair shaft as it grows.

The terminal part of the hair follicle seated within the skin is called a hair bulb. The hair bulb is located at the base of the hair follicle and is responsible for producing the hair shaft. It contains the dermal papilla, which supplies nutrients to the hair follicle and helps in hair growth. The hair bulb also contains the matrix cells, which divide and differentiate to form the hair shaft. Additionally, the hair bulb houses melanocytes, which provide pigment to the hair, giving it its color.

The 7 characteristics of muscles are number of origins, location of origin, location, shape, direction of muscle fibers, size, and action. These characteristics help to identify and classify different muscles in the body. The number of origins refers to the number of attachment points of a muscle, while the location of origin indicates where the muscle originates from. Location refers to the specific area or region of the body where the muscle is located. Shape describes the overall shape or appearance of the muscle. The direction of muscle fibers refers to the orientation of the muscle fibers. Size refers to the relative size or dimensions of the muscle. Lastly, action describes the specific movement or function that the muscle is responsible for.

The base of each hair bulb contains a structure called the dermal papilla. This dermal papilla is responsible for supplying nutrients and oxygen to the growing hair follicle. It is surrounded by a cluster of blood vessels known as a vessel tuft, which helps in the delivery of these essential nutrients and oxygen to support hair growth.