Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy

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    Grades of HIE were described by: (1 correct answer only)

    • Sarnat
    • Sarlat
    • Scarlatti
    • Azzopardi
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Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy - Quiz
About This Quiz

Overview of causes, management of neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy.

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  • 2. 

    HIE is the main cause of cerebral palsy.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Only about 10% of cases of CP show evidence of HIE retrospectively. Equally, most cases of HIE do not go on to have CP.

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  • 3. 
    Figure: Virginia Apgar5 minute APGAR is a good predictor of HIE - ProProfs

    Figure: Virginia Apgar5 minute APGAR is a good predictor of HIE

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Very poor specificity. 10 minute APGAR is a better predictor.

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  • 4. 
    Figure: a CTGFetal distress can be detected by: (multiple correct answers possible) - ProProfs

    Figure: a CTGFetal distress can be detected by: (multiple correct answers possible)

    • CTG

    • Scalp pH

    • Fibronectin

    • Cord gas

    • Cord doppler

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. CTG
    A. Scalp pH
    A. Cord gas
    Explanation
    Fibronectin is a marker of preterm delivery. Cord doppler may suggest chronic placental insufficiency.

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  • 5. 

    Mechanism of injury is: (multiple correct answers possible)

    • ATP depletion

    • Reperfusion injury

    • Programmed cell death

    • Calcium influx

    • Shearing

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. ATP depletion
    A. Reperfusion injury
    A. Programmed cell death
    A. Calcium influx
    Explanation
    Hypoxia and ischaemia, obviously... But these act via the mechanisms above. Programmed cell death = apoptosis. Shearing from birth trauma may cause intracerebral haemorrhage with similar signs/symptoms.

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  • 6. 

    Electrolyte abnormalities in HIE can be due to: (multiple correct answers possible)

    • Fluid overload

    • Acute tubular necrosis

    • Cerebral salt wasting

    • Syndrome of inappropriate ADH

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Fluid overload
    A. Acute tubular necrosis
    A. Cerebral salt wasting
    A. Syndrome of inappropriate ADH
    Explanation
    Important to distinguish whether there is fluid overload or not, and then determine whether there is an absolute or relative deficiency of sodium.

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  • 7. 
    Figure: KernicterusAssociations of HIE are: (multiple correct answers possible) - ProProfs

    Figure: KernicterusAssociations of HIE are: (multiple correct answers possible)

    • Dilated cardiomyopathy

    • Kernicterus

    • Pulmonary hypertension

    • Meconium aspiration

    • Necrotizing enterocolitis

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Dilated cardiomyopathy
    A. Kernicterus
    A. Pulmonary hypertension
    A. Meconium aspiration
    A. Necrotizing enterocolitis
    Explanation
    Kernicterus is more likely to occur after HIE at a given bilirubin level, although the hyperbilirubinaemia is unrelated to the HIE.

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  • 8. 

    The following are signs of moderately severe HIE (multiple correct answers possible)

    • Irritability

    • Seizures

    • Absent primitive reflexes

    • Small or poorly reacting pupils

    • Hypertonia

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Seizures
    A. Absent primitive reflexes
    Explanation
    Irritability and hypertonia are characteristic of mild HIE. Abnormal pupillary reflexes are seen in severe HIE.

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  • 9. 

    Features of HIE on early CT brain include: (multiple correct answers possible)

    • Asymmetry

    • Haemorrhage

    • Calcified lesions

    • Hypoechoic lesions

    • Slit like ventricles

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Hypoechoic lesions
    A. Slit like ventricles
    Explanation
    Hypoechoic lesions suggest infarction. Slit like ventricles imply oedema. Calcified lesions are a late sign.

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  • 10. 

    A poor prognosis is associated with: (multiple correct answers possible)

    • Lack of spontaneous respiration at 20 minutes after birth

    • Seizures

    • White matter changes on MRI

    • Abnormal tone at 7 days

    • High resistivity index on cranial Ultrasound doppler at 24 hours

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Lack of spontaneous respiration at 20 minutes after birth
    A. White matter changes on MRI
    A. Abnormal tone at 7 days
    A. High resistivity index on cranial Ultrasound doppler at 24 hours
    Explanation
    Clinical features are still really important in giving a prognosis, although MRI is helpful. USS doppler is a research technique currently.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 20, 2022 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Mar 20, 2022
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 03, 2008
    Quiz Created by
    Adsie
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