The Ultimate Quiz On Hypoparathyroidism And Hyperparathyroidism

The patient's complaint of tingling and numbness in the face, toes, and fingers suggests the possibility of hypocalcemia, which is supported by the low calcium level of 6 mg/dL. Hypocalcemia is a potential complication following a thyroidectomy due to damage to or removal of the parathyroid glands, which regulate calcium levels in the body. It is important to address this finding promptly as severe hypocalcemia can lead to muscle spasms, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias.

The parathyroid glands produce high amounts of parathyroid hormone. These glands are located in the neck, behind the thyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone helps regulate the levels of calcium and phosphate in the body. It stimulates the release of calcium from bones into the bloodstream, increases the absorption of calcium from the intestines, and reduces the excretion of calcium through the kidneys.

The patient with hypoparathyroidism requires a diet that is low in phosphorus and high in calcium. Broccoli salad, cottage cheese, and peaches would be the best food selection for this patient because broccoli and peaches are low in phosphorus and cottage cheese is a good source of calcium.

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces an excess amount of thyroid hormones. One of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism is hypercalcemia, which refers to high levels of calcium in the blood. In response to hypercalcemia, the body tries to balance the levels of calcium and phosphorus by decreasing the levels of phosphorus in the blood. This condition is known as hypophosphatemia. Therefore, the correct answer is hypophosphatemia.

A low magnesium level (0.9 mg/dL) in a 59 year-old male puts him at the highest risk for hypoparathyroidism. Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is responsible for regulating calcium and magnesium levels in the body. A low magnesium level can disrupt the production and release of PTH, leading to hypoparathyroidism. The other patients' conditions or lab values do not indicate a higher risk for hypoparathyroidism.

The correct answer is the patient is taking Digoxin. Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart conditions, but it can also cause an increase in calcium levels in the blood. Since the patient already has a low calcium level, administering Calcium Gluconate IV could potentially cause an unsafe increase in calcium levels, leading to adverse effects. Therefore, it is important to question this order and consider alternative treatments for the patient's hypoparathyroidism.

false: it is rare

Secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs due to all of the above factors, which include severe calcium deficiency, severe vitamin D deficiency, and chronic kidney failure. Severe calcium deficiency can lead to an imbalance in the body's calcium levels, causing the parathyroid glands to overproduce parathyroid hormone. Severe vitamin D deficiency can also disrupt calcium absorption and regulation, leading to hyperparathyroidism. Chronic kidney failure can result in the inability of the kidneys to properly regulate calcium and vitamin D levels, leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, all of these factors can contribute to the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Primary hyperthyroidism can be caused by neoplasms and chronic renal failure. Neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the thyroid gland that can lead to excessive production of thyroid hormones. Chronic renal failure, on the other hand, can disrupt the normal regulation of thyroid hormones by the kidneys, leading to an increase in thyroid hormone levels. Therefore, both neoplasms and chronic renal failure can contribute to primary hyperthyroidism.

The correct answer is Constipation. Low calcium levels, known as hypocalcemia, can cause muscle cramps, numbness and tingling in the face, positive Chvostek's sign (facial twitching when the facial nerve is tapped), and absent Trousseau's sign (carpal spasm when a blood pressure cuff is inflated). Hypocalcemia can also cause bronchospasm and hypertension. However, it does not typically cause constipation.