What Do You Know About Human Genetics? Quiz

1. True or False. The Human Genome Project is limited to the study of humans.

True

False

2. The fact that the live birth rate from older mothers using oocytes in IVF from much younger women is much higher than from older mothers using their own oocytes indicates that the age effects on reproductive success reflect

The oocyte source.

The uterus source.

The age of the father.

The sperm count.

3. Rita has been diagnosed with Her2 breast cancer, and is prescribed Herceptin. The approach of basing a drug prescribing decision on the results of a single-gene test is called

Pharmacogenetics.

Pharmacophenetics.

Pharmacogenomics.

Pharmacology.

4. A serious limitation of using a retrovirus as a vector for gene therapy is that

The retrovirus may insert into a proto-oncogene, causing cancer.

A genetically modified retrovirus causes AIDS.

T cannot infect rapidly dividing cells.

It causes ADA accumulation.

5. Which of the following is a vector used to deliver genes in human gene therapy?

Parvovirus

Rabies virus

Adeno-associated virus

Ebola virus

6. Excess tissue growing in the uterine lining is called

Hemorrhoids.

Pelvic inflammatory disease.

Endometriosis.

An ectopic pregnancy.

7.

Gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis II consists of

Replacing an enzyme that restores the function of T and B cells.

Injecting wild type alleles of the RPE64 gene into affected cells of the retina.

Injecting wild type alleles of the dystrophin gene into affected muscle cells.

Inhaling viruses that have been modified to carry the wild type CFTR gene

8. _______ was the first "test tube baby."

Louise Joy Brown

Adam Nash

J. Craig Venter

Lauren Woodward

9. Male infertility can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:

Antibodies against his sperm.

Endometriosis.

A varicose vein in the scrotum.

A malfunctioning prostate.

10.

Gene therapy to treat muscular dystrophy targets the gene that encodes

Actin.

Dystrophin.

Collagen.

Myoglobin.

11. DNA sequencing can reveal

Mutations that do not alter phenotype.

Mutations that do not alter genotype.

Which tissues express a gene.

How many genes a person has.

12. A procedure that places an oocyte and sperm in a culture dish, allows a few cell divisions, and then places the resulting very early embryo in the oocyte donor's uterus is

IVF.

Intrauterine insemination.

Surrogate insemination.

GIFT.

13. Retrovirus is given a functional version of a gene that a patient lacks and used to infect the patient's skin cells growing in culture. Skin is grown from the altered cells and grafted onto the patient. If all works well, the graft will

Be viewed as immunologically foreign and destroyed.

Be accepted and secrete the inserted gene's protein product.

Turn on the abnormal gene in surrounding cells.

Be accepted, but not express the introduced gene.

14. Positional cloning

Seeks regions of the genome shared by the members of large families who have the same Mendelian disorder.

Scans and then sequences the human genome chromosome by chromosome, in size order.

Determines the sequence of protein-encoding genes on a chromosome.

Identifies expressed sequence tags in genes of interest.

15. Which of the following contributes to subfertility?

Regular menstrual cycles

High sperm counts

Being under 30 years of age

Oligospermia.

16.

A woman who has a baby via embryo adoption is her child's

Genetic mother only.

Gestational mother only.

Genetic and gestational mother.

Gestational and surrogate mother.

17.

In vitro fertilization takes place ____ hours prior to analysis of the embryo in preimplantation genetic testing procedures

24

45

52

78

18. A test offered on the Web by a direct-to-consumer genetic testing company genotypes a gene for ability to taste bitter substances. This test is not regulated by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) because

The test is not expensive.

The test provides information, not a diagnosis.

He test is offered in a state of the U.S. not covered by these regulations.

The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act outlawed CLIA.

19. The term genome was first used by

H. Winkler in 1920.

Francis Crick in 1962.

Francis Collins in 1992.

J. Craig Venter in 1990.

20. Research has been identifying the genes that cause inherited disease for

A century.

Half a century.

A decade.

Since completion of the human genome project in 2000.

21. Once people began to have their genomes sequenced, it became clear that we vary more than had been thought. This is because the way that the genome was initially sequenced did not account for

Mutations.

Copy number variants.

Ethnic differences.

22.

A surrogate mother can help couples have a child when the woman does not have a functional

Uterine tube.

Vagina.

Cervix.

Uterus.

23. Sequencing of the first three human genomes revealed that the percent of our SNPs likely to influence our phenotypes is

0

About 2

About 10

24.

For ____, drugs are used to control timing of ovulation in order to perform a particular procedure.

GIFT

ICSI

Ovulation induction

Surrogate motherhood

25. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency results in

Canavan disease

Hereditary emphysema

Neurotransmitter imbalances.

Severe combined immune deficiency.

26. Three percent of the human genome project budget was set aside to address issues of

Agriculture as it relates to cattle breeds.

Inherited susceptibilities to infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria.

Ethics, the law, and society.

Developing technologies from genetic discoveries.

27. The field of genetic counseling began when the term was coined

In 1986, when the human genome project was first suggested.

In 2001, when the first draft of the human genome was published.

In 1947, to help physicians explain inherited diseases to their patients.

In 1953, when Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA.

28. Reginald receives a stem cell transplant to treat a blood cancer, multiple myeloma. His treatment is an example of

Germline gene therapy.

Heritable gene therapy.

Constitutional gene therapy

Somatic gene therapy.

29. Funding for the Human Genome Project comes from _____.

The National Institutes of Health

The Department of Energy

The National Institutes of Health and the Department of Energy

The National Institutes of Health, the Department of Energy, and ELSI

30. The field of ____ uses conserved sequences to identify biologically important genome regions.

Positional cloning

Sanger method

Comparative genomics

Gene expression

31. Zach undergoes a sperm analysis and is upset to learn that he has oligospermia. This means that

He has a sexually transmitted disease.

He has cancer of the spermatogonia, and his sperm will never mature.

He makes too many sperm, and they will crowd and kill each other.

He makes too few sperm, lowering the probability of one sperm successfully reaching and fertilizing an oocyte.

32. Pharmacological chaperone therapy

Restores proper folding to a misfolded protein.

Restores the double helix to opened-up DNA.

Restores the sugar-phosphate background to the DNA of a specific gene.

Provides a drug that accompanies a specific mutation, correcting it.

33. Enzyme replacement therapy treats

The genotype.

The genome.

Protein folding.

The phenotype.

34. The strategy that was ultimately the most successful in sequencing the human genome was

The clone-by-clone technique.

The recombinant DNA approach.

The epigenesis approach.

The whole genome shotgun approach.

35. The liver is a good candidate for gene therapy because

It has only one function.

It is large.

It is both an organ and a gland.

Only part of it need be corrected.

36.

Sequencing the yeast genome received priority because

Yeast causes infections in humans.

Yeast is essential in baking and brewing.

Yeast is the simplest organism to have a nucleus.

The number of yeast genes is a round number - 6,000.

37. Two technologies that sped progress of the human genome project in 1991 were

Recombinant DNA technology and PCR.

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling.

Screening for sickle cell disease and FISH to identify aneuploidy.

Expressed sequence tags and microarrays.

38.

A normal sperm count is ____ sperm per ejaculate.

10,000 - 50,000

100,000 - 500,000

1-2 million

20 to 200 million

39.

Tyrone has Gaucher disease. He receives recombinant glucocerebrosidase every other week in an infusion to prevent the symptoms. This treatment is an example of

Gene therapy.

Gene transfer.

Enzyme replacement therapy.

Pharmacological chaperone therapy.

40. The basis of Sanger DNA sequencing is to

Identify ESTs and place them in order based on their function to derive the overall sequence.

Break several copies of a genome into 3-base codons, and align them to derive the overall sequence.

41. The original impetus to sequence the human genome was to investigate

How the four nitrogenous bases encode information.

How people vary.

The effects of exposure to low-level radiation on the genetics of populations.

How inherited diseases are related to non-inherited diseases, such as infections, degenerative diseases, and autoimmune diseases.

42. Macy has BRCA1 breast cancer. Her sister Philene is healthy, but wants to know if she has inherited the BRCA1 mutation that could make her develop cancer. She is a candidate for a

Newborn screen.

Carrier screen.

Genome screen.

Predisposition test.

43. Some cases of male infertility are due to immature sperm or sperm that cannot readily penetrate an oocyte. For these individuals, fertilization can still be accomplished using

CVS.

IVF.

ICSI.

GIFT.

44.

_______ uses a blastomere biopsy to obtain a cell to test for genetic and chromosomal abnormalities.

Cytoplasmic donation

Intrauterine insemination

Oocyte donation

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

45.

Lisa and Jack Nash obtained compatible stem cells that cured their young daughter Molly's Fanconi anemia by

Allowing Molly to undergo gene therapy on the affected cells.

Allowing Molly to undergo gene therapy on her germ cells.

Using umbilical cord stem cells from an unrelated donor.

Using umbilical cord stem cells from a younger sibling, who was conceived and selected for this purpose.