Hrvatski Jezik 4 (1. Provjera)
Uvod u leksikologiju; jednoznačnost i višeznačnost; sinonimija, antonimija, homonimija
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Jezična disciplina koja proučava lekseme zove se:
- A.
Semiologija
- B.
Semantika
- C.
Leksikologija
- D.
Leksikografija
Correct Answer
C. LeksikologijaExplanation
Leksikologija je jezična disciplina koja proučava lekseme, odnosno reči i njihove značenja. Ova disciplina se bavi proučavanjem leksičkih jedinica, njihovom strukturom, poreklom, promenama u značenju i upotrebom u jeziku. U ovom kontekstu, leksikologija je odgovor koji najbolje odgovara pitanju.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Leksem je isto što i riječ:
- A.
Točno
- B.
Netočno
Correct Answer
B. NetočnoExplanation
The statement "Leksem je isto što i riječ" translates to "A lexeme is the same as a word." The correct answer, "Netočno" (False), indicates that this statement is incorrect. A lexeme is a unit of meaning, while a word is a unit of language. While many lexemes are represented by a single word, some lexemes can be represented by multiple words or even phrases. Therefore, a lexeme is not always the same as a word.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Svaki jezični znak uvijek je jedna riječ:
- A.
Netočno
- B.
Točno
Correct Answer
A. NetočnoExplanation
The statement "Svaki jezični znak uvijek je jedna riječ" translates to "Every linguistic sign is always one word." The correct answer is "Netočno" which means "False" in English. This means that the statement is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Materijalna strana jezičnog znaka jest:
- A.
Izraz
- B.
Sadržaj
Correct Answer
A. IzrazExplanation
The correct answer is "izraz" because the material aspect of a linguistic sign refers to the physical form or expression used to convey meaning. In other words, it is the actual sound, gesture, or written symbol that represents a concept or idea. The term "izraz" in this context refers to the expression or form through which meaning is communicated, making it the appropriate choice for the material aspect of a linguistic sign.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Označi točnu tvrdnju:
- A.
Izvanjezična zbilja dio je jezičnog znaka.
- B.
Nejezične kodove kao sustave znakova proučava stilistika.
- C.
Izraz i sadržaj jezičnog znaka nisu podložni promjenama.
- D.
Jezik je sustav znakova.
Correct Answer
D. Jezik je sustav znakova.Explanation
The statement "Jezik je sustav znakova" (Language is a system of signs) is the correct answer because it accurately reflects the nature of language as a system of communication using signs or symbols. Language consists of various elements such as words, grammar, and syntax, which are used to convey meaning and communicate with others. These elements can be considered as signs that represent ideas, concepts, or objects. Therefore, the statement correctly identifies language as a system of signs.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Označi riječ koja nema izvedenih značenja:
- A.
Nebo
- B.
Na
- C.
Krov
- D.
Cvijet
Correct Answer
B. NaExplanation
The word "na" does not have any derived meanings. It is a preposition that indicates location or direction, but it does not have any additional meanings or variations. The other words in the list - "nebo" (sky), "krov" (roof), and "cvijet" (flower) - all have derived meanings or can be used in different contexts with slightly different interpretations.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Označi rečenicu u kojoj je leksikalizirana metafora:
- A.
Bio je lav u borbi.
- B.
Ona je prava mimoza.
- C.
Na stolcu je pukla noga.
Correct Answer
C. Na stolcu je pukla noga.Explanation
The correct answer is "Na stolcu je pukla noga." This sentence contains a lexicalized metaphor because the phrase "pukla noga" (leg broke) is used metaphorically to mean that the chair broke.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Koja riječ ne pripada nizu:
- A.
Nedovoljan
- B.
Jedinac
- C.
Jedinica
- D.
Kolac
Correct Answer
B. JedinacExplanation
All the words in the list except "jedinac" are related to quantity or measurement in some way. "Nedovoljan" means insufficient or not enough, "jedinica" means unit, and "kolac" means cake. However, "jedinac" means individual or singleton, which does not fit the pattern of the other words.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Odredi bliskoznačnicu:
- A.
Hiža-kuća
- B.
Epruveta-kušalica
- C.
Centar-središte
- D.
Množina-plural
Correct Answer
C. Centar-središteExplanation
The given answer "centar-središte" is the correct synonym pair. Both "centar" and "središte" refer to a central point or location. They can be used interchangeably to describe the middle or focal point of something.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Koji niz riječi nije sinonimski niz:
- A.
Plav-modar-zelen
- B.
Umrijeti-izdahnuti-preminuti
Correct Answer
A. Plav-modar-zelenExplanation
The first sequence of words "plav-modar-zelen" is not a synonym sequence because the words do not have the same or similar meanings. The words "plav" (blue), "modar" (purple), and "zelen" (green) represent different colors and do not have synonymous relationships. On the other hand, the second sequence of words "umrijeti-izdahnuti-preminuti" all mean "to die" and can be considered as synonyms.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Dvije riječi su u sinonimijskom odnosu kad imaju:
- A.
Isti izraz i isti sadržaj
- B.
Različit izraz i sličan (isti) sadržaj
- C.
Različit izraz i različit sadržaj
Correct Answer
B. Različit izraz i sličan (isti) sadržajExplanation
When two words are in a synonymous relationship, it means that they have different expressions but similar or identical meanings. In other words, they may be expressed differently, but they convey the same or similar content or ideas.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Zaokruži par riječi koji nije antonimski:
- A.
Bez-s(a)
- B.
Prema-od
- C.
Kod-pri
Correct Answer
C. Kod-priExplanation
The given options consist of pairs of words, and we need to identify the pair that is not antonymous (opposite in meaning). The pair "kod-pri" does not have opposite meanings, as "kod" means "at" or "by" in English, while "pri" means "near" or "close to." Therefore, "kod-pri" is the correct answer as it is not antonymous.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Koja od ovih riječi ne može imati antonim:
- A.
Lijep
- B.
Ana
- C.
Sreća
- D.
Dolaziti
Correct Answer
B. AnaExplanation
The word "Ana" is a proper noun and it does not have an antonym because it is a name. Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. However, proper nouns, such as names, do not have inherent meanings or opposites. Therefore, "Ana" cannot have an antonym.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Prepoznaj stilsku figuru u sintagmi LUDA PAMET:
- A.
Metafora
- B.
Metonimija
- C.
Oksimoron
- D.
Litota
Correct Answer
C. OksimoronExplanation
The correct answer is "oksimoron" because the phrase "LUDA PAMET" combines two contradictory words, "luda" meaning crazy and "pamet" meaning intelligence. This creates a paradoxical or contradictory effect, which is a characteristic of an oksimoron.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Odredi vrstu antonima prema podrijetlu u primjeru BLIZU-DALEKO:
- A.
Istofonemski
- B.
Istokorijenski
- C.
Istomorfemski
- D.
Raznokorijenski
Correct Answer
D. RaznokorijenskiExplanation
The correct answer is "raznokorijenski." This term suggests that the antonyms in the example, "blizu" and "daleko," have different linguistic roots or origins. This means that they come from different word families or have different etymological backgrounds.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Odredi vrsu antonima prema podrijetlu u primjeru RATNI-ANTIRATNI:
- A.
Raznokorijenski
- B.
Istoznačni
- C.
Pisani
- D.
Istokorijenski
Correct Answer
D. IstokorijenskiExplanation
The correct answer is "istokorijenski". The word "istokorijenski" refers to a type of antonym that has the same root as the original word. In this case, "ratni" means "related to war" and "antiratni" means "opposed to war". Both words share the root "rat", which means "war". Therefore, "istokorijenski" is the most appropriate choice as the antonym of "ratni" in terms of origin.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Homonimija je pojava kad dvije riječi imaju:
- A.
Iste izraze i iste sadržaje
- B.
Iste izraze i različite sadržaje
- C.
Različite izraze i iste sadržaje
- D.
Različite izraze i različite sadržaje
Correct Answer
B. Iste izraze i različite sadržajeExplanation
Homonimija je pojava kada dvije riječi imaju iste izraze, ali različite sadržaje. To znači da se te dvije riječi isto izgovaraju ili pišu, ali imaju potpuno različita značenja.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Označi homografe:
- A.
Kupiti (skupljati)-kupiti (novcem platiti)
- B.
Grad (tuča)-grad (mjesto)
- C.
Višnja-Višnja
Correct Answer(s)
A. Kupiti (skupljati)-kupiti (novcem platiti)
B. Grad (tuča)-grad (mjesto)Explanation
The correct answer is "kupiti (skupljati)-kupiti (novcem platiti)" and "grad (tuča)-grad (mjesto)" because they both involve homographs, which are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings. In the first pair, "kupiti" can mean either "to collect" or "to buy with money", while in the second pair, "grad" can refer to either "hail" or "a place or city". The third option, "višnja-Višnja", does not involve homographs as it is a proper noun and a common noun, which are not the same word.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Označi homofone:
- A.
Rijeka-rijeka
- B.
Dunja-dunja
- C.
Luk (povrće)-luk (oružje)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Rijeka-rijeka
B. Dunja-dunjaExplanation
The correct answer is Rijeka-rijeka, Dunja-dunja. In this question, we are being asked to identify homophones, which are words that sound the same but have different meanings. The words "rijeka" and "rijeka" are homophones because they are spelled the same and sound the same, but they have different meanings. Similarly, "dunja" and "dunja" are also homophones because they have the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Homonimi istupiti (učiniti tupim) i istupiti (izaći) nastali su:
- A.
Tvorbom riječi
- B.
Posuđivanjem
- C.
Značenjskim udaljavanjem
Correct Answer
A. Tvorbom riječiExplanation
The correct answer is "tvorbom riječi" (word formation). This means that the two homonyms "istupiti" (to make dull) and "istupiti" (to come out) were created through the process of word formation. This suggests that these two words were formed by modifying or combining existing words or word parts to create new meanings.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Podudarnost u sadržajima prisutna je u:
- A.
Homonimiji
- B.
Sinonimiji
- C.
Antonimiji
Correct Answer
B. SinonimijiExplanation
The correct answer is "sinonimiji" because the term "podudarnost u sadržajima" refers to similarity or resemblance in content, which is a characteristic of synonyms. Synonyms are words or phrases that have the same or similar meanings. Therefore, in the context of the given options, "sinonimiji" is the most appropriate choice as it represents the concept of similarity in content.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Odredi polisemiju u primjerima:
- A.
Put (staza)-put (boja kože)
- B.
Draga (uvala)-draga (voljena osoba)
- C.
Drama (književni rod)-drama (uzbudljiv događaj)
- D.
Gol (nag)-gol (vrata u nogometu)
Correct Answer
C. Drama (književni rod)-drama (uzbudljiv događaj)Explanation
The word "drama" has multiple meanings in the given examples. In the first meaning, it refers to a literary genre or type of play, while in the second meaning, it refers to an exciting or intense event. Therefore, the word "drama" is used with different meanings in the two examples, demonstrating its polysemy.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Semiologija proučava:
- A.
Sustave riječi
- B.
Nejezične sustave znakova
- C.
Semantiku
- D.
Lekseme
Correct Answer
B. Nejezične sustave znakovaExplanation
Semiologija proučava nejezične sustave znakova. This means that semiotics studies systems of non-linguistic signs. Semiotics is a field that focuses on the study of signs and symbols and how they convey meaning. It examines various forms of communication beyond language, such as visual signs, gestures, and symbols. By studying non-linguistic systems of signs, semiotics helps to understand how meaning is created and interpreted in different contexts.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Semantika proučava:
- A.
Riječi
- B.
Semiologiju
- C.
Leksikologiju
- D.
Značenja riječi
Correct Answer
D. Značenja riječiExplanation
Semantics is the branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words and how they combine to form sentences. It focuses on understanding the relationships between words and their meanings, as well as the ways in which meaning can be expressed and interpreted in different contexts. Therefore, the given correct answer, "značenja riječi" (meaning of words), aligns with the field of study in semantics.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Dopuni rečenicu kao što je to učinjeno u prvom primjeru. Luk i luk su homografi. Komjutor i računalo su__________________.
Correct Answer
sinonimiExplanation
The correct answer is "sinonimi" because "sinonimi" means "synonyms" in Croatian, and the sentence is asking for a word that has a similar meaning to "homografi," which means "homographs" in Croatian. Therefore, "sinonimi" is the appropriate word to complete the sentence.Rate this question:
- 26.
Dopuni rečenicu kao što je to učinjeno u prvom primjeru. Luk i luk su homografi. Mlad i star su__________________.
Correct Answer
antonimiExplanation
The given sentence states that "Luk i luk su homografi" which means "Onion and bow are homographs." Homographs are words that have the same spelling but different meanings. Therefore, based on this pattern, the sentence "Mlad i star su antonimi" means "Young and old are antonyms." Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings.Rate this question:
- 27.
Hiperonim ili____________________.
Correct Answer
nadređenicaExplanation
The correct answer is "nadređenica" because it is the term used in Croatian language to describe a hypernym, which is a word that represents a broader category or concept that includes other more specific words or concepts. In this context, "nadređenica" refers to a word that is higher in the hierarchy and encompasses other words or concepts beneath it.Rate this question:
- 28.
Hiponim ili _________________________.
Correct Answer
podređenicaExplanation
The correct answer is "podređenica" because it is a term used in linguistics to describe a word or phrase that is a more specific or subordinate term to another word or phrase. In this case, "hiponim ili" is asking for a term that is a hyponym or a subordinate term, and "podređenica" fits this definition.Rate this question:
- 29.
Osnovna je funkcija jezika________________________.
Correct Answer
komunikacijaExplanation
The basic function of language is communication. Language allows individuals to convey their thoughts, ideas, and emotions to others, facilitating understanding and interaction between people. Through language, individuals can express their needs, share information, and engage in social interactions. Communication is essential for human interaction and plays a crucial role in various aspects of life, such as education, work, and relationships.Rate this question:
- 30.
Prirodu jezičnog znaka čine izraz, sadržaj i ____________________
Correct Answer
predmetExplanation
The nature of a linguistic sign consists of an expression, content, and object. The expression refers to the physical form or sound of the sign, while the content refers to the meaning or concept associated with the sign. The object refers to the real-world entity or referent that the sign represents or signifies. In this case, the correct answer is "predmet," which means "object" in English. This completes the tripartite structure of a linguistic sign, highlighting the relationship between the sign and the external reality it represents.Rate this question:
- 31.
Označi u kojim je rečenicama metafora:
- A.
Zagreb je srce Hrvatske.
- B.
Cijeli Zagreb dočekao je Kosteliće.
- C.
Bila je zvijezda večeri.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Zagreb je srce Hrvatske.
C. Bila je zvijezda večeri.Explanation
The given answer is correct because both "Zagreb je srce Hrvatske" and "Bila je zvijezda večeri" are examples of metaphorical sentences. In the first sentence, the city of Zagreb is compared to the heart of Croatia, implying that it is the central and most important part. In the second sentence, someone is referred to as the "star of the evening," which is a metaphorical way of saying that they were the standout or most impressive person of the event.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Označi točne tvrdnje:
- A.
Izraz jezičnog znaka uvijek je jedna riječ.
- B.
Veza između izraza i sadržaja jezičnog znaka proizvoljna je.
- C.
Izraz jezičnoga znaka dio je imenovanoga predmeta ili pojave.
- D.
Nejezične kodove kao sustave znakova proučava semiologija.
Correct Answer(s)
B. Veza između izraza i sadržaja jezičnog znaka proizvoljna je.
D. Nejezične kodove kao sustave znakova proučava semiologija.Explanation
The first statement, "Izraz jezičnog znaka uvijek je jedna riječ" (The expression of a linguistic sign is always one word), is incorrect because the expression of a linguistic sign can consist of multiple words.
The second statement, "Veza između izraza i sadržaja jezičnog znaka proizvoljna je" (The relationship between the expression and the content of a linguistic sign is arbitrary), is correct. This means that the connection between the form (expression) and the meaning (content) of a linguistic sign is not inherently logical or necessary, but rather established through convention and cultural agreement.
The third statement, "Izraz jezičnoga znaka dio je imenovanoga predmeta ili pojave" (The expression of a linguistic sign is part of a named object or phenomenon), is incorrect because the expression of a linguistic sign does not necessarily have to refer to a physical object or phenomenon. It can also refer to abstract concepts or ideas.
The fourth statement, "Nejezične kodove kao sustave znakova proučava semiologija" (Semiotics studies non-linguistic codes as systems of signs), is correct. Semiology, or semiotics, is the study of signs and symbols in general, including non-linguistic codes such as visual signs, gestures, and musical notation.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Označi binarne antonime:
- A.
Visok-nizak
- B.
živ-mrtav
- C.
Muškarac-žena
- D.
Kratak-dug
Correct Answer(s)
B. živ-mrtav
C. Muškarac-ženaExplanation
The given answer correctly identifies the binary antonyms in the given list. "živ-mrtav" (alive-dead) and "muškarac-žena" (man-woman) are pairs of words that have opposite meanings and can be considered as binary antonyms. The other pairs "visok-nizak" (tall-short) and "kratak-dug" (short-long) are not binary antonyms as they represent degrees of a quality rather than opposite meanings.Rate this question:
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