HESI A2 Practice Test 3 Anatomy And Physiology

C. The lower region of the body includes the lower limb and is divided into the thigh, leg, ankle, and foot. See Lesson: The Organization of the Human Body.

C. The decreased production of melatonin can cause sleep pattern disturbance, resulting in less-restful sleep. See Lesson: The Endocrine System.

A. Leukocytes are found in the buffy coat and play a role in protecting the body against harm from foreign substances. Low levels of these blood cells indicate a weakened immune system. See Lesson: The Cardiovascular System.

D. The vertebral column is part of the axial skeleton. It consists of several regions, including the lumbar region. See Lesson: The Skeletal System.

A. The first process that occurs in the nephrons of the kidneys is glomerular filtration. This is where blood that flows from the renal arteries into the kidneys is initially filtered. Certain substances and water are reabsorbed into the bloodstream following filtration. See Lesson: The Urinary System.

A. Blood flows through the renal artery and then through a series of capillaries before reaching the glomerulus. The glomerulus, which is surrounded by Bowman's capsule, filters the blood before it moves to the proximal tubule. See Lesson: The Urinary System.

D. Body temperature is a variable that can increase in a hot environment or decrease in a cold environment. See Lesson: The Organization of the Human Body.

C. When a B cell encounters a foreign microbe with a surface protein that matches the shape of its antibodies, it attaches an antibody to the microbe. The antibody acts as a flag to attract macrophages and natural killer cells, which destroy the pathogen. See Lesson: The Lymphatic System.

D. Fertilization typically occurs in the Fallopian tube. Sperm do not reach the ovaries. Vaginal and uterine fertilization, though theoretically possible, are unlikely. See Lesson: The Reproductive System.

A. Embryogenesis takes place over the first 11-12 weeks after fertilization, which corresponds with the first trimester of pregnancy. See Lesson: The Reproductive System.

A. The tibia belongs to the appendicular system, which consists of the upper and lower extremities. The tibia is found in the leg. It is connected to the femur, or thighbone, and the tarsals, which make up the ankle and foot. See Lesson: The Skeletal System.

D. Either the nervous system or circulating hormones stimulate smooth muscle. This muscle is under involuntary control through both forms of stimulation. See Lesson: The Muscular System.

C. The buffy coat, found between the reddish mass and liquid plasma of blood, consists of leukocytes, or white blood cells. See Lesson: The Cardiovascular System.

D. Pheromones are secreted into the environment and modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals, as is the case in this group of girls. See Lesson: The Endocrine System.

B. Blood pH levels are determined by analyzing the concentration of carbon dioxide in blood. See Lesson: The Respiratory System.

D. Absorption of nutrients or small molecules, which are a result of chemical digestion, begins in the small intestine and pass through cell membranes of the lining of the small intestines. Once all nutrients have been digested and absorbed into the body, the remaining products are then eliminated out of the body as feces through the anus. See Lesson: Gastrointestinal System.

C. The right lung is slightly larger and heavier than the left lung because it is comprised of three lobes. The left lung has two lobes. See Lesson: The Respiratory System.

B. The myelin sheath is an insulating outer layer that surrounds the axon. This blanket-like structure not only protects the axon, but also increases transmission of electric signals. See Lesson: The Nervous System.

A. Smooth muscle is a non-striated muscle cell found in the internal walls of hollow organs like blood vessels. Under involuntary control, smooth muscle helps blood vessels contract and relax. See Lesson: The Muscular System.

B. One function of the liver is to store vitamins. See Lesson: The Gastrointestinal System.

B. There are two types of UV rays, UVA and UVB rays, that can contribute to skin cancer development. UVA rays penetrate the dermis, and UVB rays penetrate the epidermis. See Lesson: The Integumentary System.

A. The limbic system is part of the forebrain that helps regulate memory and emotions. The amygdala is a structure in the limbic system that is considered the brain's aggression center. This structure controls activities related to feelings of anger, violence, and anxiety. See Lesson: The Nervous System.

C. The tonsils, adenoids, and appendix were believed to be vestigial organs. The spleen was never considered vestigial. See Lesson: The Lymphatic System.

A. Wrinkly skin due to aging occurs because the epidermis is thinning. Typically, aging slows down physiological processes like cell division. Improving this process to generate new cells may help thicken the epidermis and slow down the effects of aging, such as the appearance of wrinkles. See Lesson: The Integumentary System.

C. There are three types of joints in the human body: synovial, immovable, and partly movable. Partly moveable joints are also called cartilaginous joints. They hold bones together by cartilage and are found in the vertebral discs of the spine. See Lesson: The Muscular System.