HESI A2 Practice Test 3 Anatomy And Physiology

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    Which of the following regions of the body is divided into the thigh, leg, ankle, and foot?

    • Central
    • Head
    • Lower
    • Upper
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HESI A2 Practice Test 3 Anatomy And Physiology - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    What decreased hormone levels may play an important role in the loss of normal sleep-wake cycles (circadian rhythms) with aging?

    • Epinephrine

    • Insulin

    • Melatonin

    • Norepinephrine

    Correct Answer
    A. Melatonin
    Explanation
    C. The decreased production of melatonin can cause sleep pattern disturbance, resulting in less-restful sleep. See Lesson: The Endocrine System.

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  • 3. 

    An individual with leukemia presents with abnormally low leukocyte levels. Which is strongly correlated with this low blood cell count?

    • Weakened immune system

    • Irregular heartbeat rhythms

    • Sustained ventricular contractions

    • Nonfunctional wound healing process

    Correct Answer
    A. Weakened immune system
    Explanation
    A. Leukocytes are found in the buffy coat and play a role in protecting the body against harm from foreign substances. Low levels of these blood cells indicate a weakened immune system. See Lesson: The Cardiovascular System.

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  • 4. 

    A patient is admitted to the hospital after experiencing pain in the lumbar region. To what portion of the body does this region correspond?

    • Skull

    • Ribcage

    • Pelvic girdle

    • Vertebral column

    Correct Answer
    A. Vertebral column
    Explanation
    D. The vertebral column is part of the axial skeleton. It consists of several regions, including the lumbar region. See Lesson: The Skeletal System.

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  • 5. 

    The glomerulus serves as a type of ______ system in the kidneys.

    • filtering

    • excretion

    • circulating

    • reabsorption

    Correct Answer
    A. filtering
    Explanation
    A. The first process that occurs in the nephrons of the kidneys is glomerular filtration. This is where blood that flows from the renal arteries into the kidneys is initially filtered. Certain substances and water are reabsorbed into the bloodstream following filtration. See Lesson: The Urinary System.

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  • 6. 

    Blood flows from the renal _____ into the kidney, where it is filtered.

    • artery

    • sac

    • tube

    • vein

    Correct Answer
    A. artery
    Explanation
    A. Blood flows through the renal artery and then through a series of capillaries before reaching the glomerulus. The glomerulus, which is surrounded by Bowman's capsule, filters the blood before it moves to the proximal tubule. See Lesson: The Urinary System.

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  • 7. 

    Body temperature can increase in a hot environment or decrease in a cold environment. Body temperature can be considered a _____.

    • cell

    • chemical

    • factor

    • variable

    Correct Answer
    A. variable
    Explanation
    D. Body temperature is a variable that can increase in a hot environment or decrease in a cold environment. See Lesson: The Organization of the Human Body.

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  • 8. 

    When a B cell encounters a foreign microbe with a surface protein that matches the shape of its antibodies, it attaches an antibody to the microbe. How does this help destroy the pathogen?

    • The antibody invades it.

    • The antibody consumes it.

    • The antibody marks it for destruction.

    • The antibody blocks the functions of the microbe.

    Correct Answer
    A. The antibody marks it for destruction.
    Explanation
    C. When a B cell encounters a foreign microbe with a surface protein that matches the shape of its antibodies, it attaches an antibody to the microbe. The antibody acts as a flag to attract macrophages and natural killer cells, which destroy the pathogen. See Lesson: The Lymphatic System.

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  • 9. 

    Fertilization usually occurs in the _____.

    • ovary

    • vagina

    • uterine wall

    • Fallopian tube

    Correct Answer
    A. Fallopian tube
    Explanation
    D. Fertilization typically occurs in the Fallopian tube. Sperm do not reach the ovaries. Vaginal and uterine fertilization, though theoretically possible, are unlikely. See Lesson: The Reproductive System.

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  • 10. 

    The first trimester of gestation corresponds roughly to which developmental process?

    • Embryogenesis

    • Fertilization

    • Meiosis

    • Menstruation

    Correct Answer
    A. Embryogenesis
    Explanation
    A. Embryogenesis takes place over the first 11-12 weeks after fertilization, which corresponds with the first trimester of pregnancy. See Lesson: The Reproductive System.

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  • 11. 

    The tibia is connected to the _____.

    • tarsals

    • Ischium

    • clavicle

    • ulna

    Correct Answer
    A. tarsals
    Explanation
    A. The tibia belongs to the appendicular system, which consists of the upper and lower extremities. The tibia is found in the leg. It is connected to the femur, or thighbone, and the tarsals, which make up the ankle and foot. See Lesson: The Skeletal System.

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  • 12. 

    What muscle does circulating hormones stimulate?

    • Extension

    • Flexor

    • Skeletal

    • Smooth

    Correct Answer
    A. Smooth
    Explanation
    D. Either the nervous system or circulating hormones stimulate smooth muscle. This muscle is under involuntary control through both forms of stimulation. See Lesson: The Muscular System.

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  • 13. 

    Which formed element is found in the buffy coat?

    • Epithelial cells

    • Red blood cells

    • White blood cells

    • Endothelium cells

    Correct Answer
    A. White blood cells
    Explanation
    C. The buffy coat, found between the reddish mass and liquid plasma of blood, consists of leukocytes, or white blood cells. See Lesson: The Cardiovascular System.

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  • 14. 

    A group of girls realize that their menstrual cycles begin around the same time every month. What chemical signal causes this?

    • Autocrine

    • Neuromodulator

    • Paracrine

    • Pheromone

    Correct Answer
    A. Pheromone
    Explanation
    D. Pheromones are secreted into the environment and modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals, as is the case in this group of girls. See Lesson: The Endocrine System.

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  • 15. 

    Which substance determines a person’s blood pH level?

    • Carbonic acid

    • Carbon dioxide

    • Carbon monoxide

    • Carbonic anhydrase

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbon dioxide
    Explanation
    B. Blood pH levels are determined by analyzing the concentration of carbon dioxide in blood. See Lesson: The Respiratory System.

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  • 16. 

    Where does the majority of nutrient absorption begin in the digestive system?

    • Stomach

    • Esophagus

    • Large intestine

    • Small intestine

    Correct Answer
    A. Small intestine
    Explanation
    D. Absorption of nutrients or small molecules, which are a result of chemical digestion, begins in the small intestine and pass through cell membranes of the lining of the small intestines. Once all nutrients have been digested and absorbed into the body, the remaining products are then eliminated out of the body as feces through the anus. See Lesson: Gastrointestinal System.

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  • 17. 

    How many lobes comprise the right lung?

    • 1

    • 2

    • 3

    • 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 3
    Explanation
    C. The right lung is slightly larger and heavier than the left lung because it is comprised of three lobes. The left lung has two lobes. See Lesson: The Respiratory System.

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  • 18. 

    What increases electric signal transmission through a neuron?

    • Axon terminal

    • Myelin sheath

    • Resting potential

    • Synaptic transmission

    Correct Answer
    A. Myelin sheath
    Explanation
    B. The myelin sheath is an insulating outer layer that surrounds the axon. This blanket-like structure not only protects the axon, but also increases transmission of electric signals. See Lesson: The Nervous System.

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  • 19. 

    Which is a characteristic of smooth muscle?

    • Enables blood vessels to constrict

    • Contributes to bone and joint flexibility

    • Plays a role in how fast the heart contracts

    • Consists of striated fibers that are branched

    Correct Answer
    A. Enables blood vessels to constrict
    Explanation
    A. Smooth muscle is a non-striated muscle cell found in the internal walls of hollow organs like blood vessels. Under involuntary control, smooth muscle helps blood vessels contract and relax. See Lesson: The Muscular System.

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  • 20. 

    What organ of the body compensates when a person's intake of vitamins decreases?

    • Appendix

    • Liver

    • Pancreas

    • Stomach

    Correct Answer
    A. Liver
    Explanation
    B. One function of the liver is to store vitamins. See Lesson: The Gastrointestinal System.

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  • 21. 

    How many types of UV rays are known to cause skin cancer?

    • 1

    • 2

    • 3

    • 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 2
    Explanation
    B. There are two types of UV rays, UVA and UVB rays, that can contribute to skin cancer development. UVA rays penetrate the dermis, and UVB rays penetrate the epidermis. See Lesson: The Integumentary System.

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  • 22. 

    A physician prescribes a drug to help control a person's anxiety attacks. This drug most likely targets the

    • Amygdala

    • parietal lobe.

    • hypothalamus.

    • sensory neuron.

    Correct Answer
    A. Amygdala
    Explanation
    A. The limbic system is part of the forebrain that helps regulate memory and emotions. The amygdala is a structure in the limbic system that is considered the brain's aggression center. This structure controls activities related to feelings of anger, violence, and anxiety. See Lesson: The Nervous System.

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  • 23. 

    Which of the following organs was never considered vestigial?

    • Adenoids

    • Appendix

    • Spleen

    • Tonsils

    Correct Answer
    A. Spleen
    Explanation
    C. The tonsils, adenoids, and appendix were believed to be vestigial organs. The spleen was never considered vestigial. See Lesson: The Lymphatic System.

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  • 24. 

    If a person wants to slow down the development of wrinkly skin, which of the following activities could be performed?

    • Improve mitotic epidermal cell division

    • Receive fat injections in the hypodermis

    • Add collagen to the stratum corneum layer

    • Slow down keratin production in the dermis

    Correct Answer
    A. Improve mitotic epidermal cell division
    Explanation
    A. Wrinkly skin due to aging occurs because the epidermis is thinning. Typically, aging slows down physiological processes like cell division. Improving this process to generate new cells may help thicken the epidermis and slow down the effects of aging, such as the appearance of wrinkles. See Lesson: The Integumentary System.

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  • 25. 

    Which of the following describes a cartilaginous joint?

    • It is a type of immovable joint.

    • It allows bones to be very flexible.

    • It separates bones with a joint cavity.

    • It is the joint between vertebral discs of the spine.

    Correct Answer
    A. It separates bones with a joint cavity.
    Explanation
    C. There are three types of joints in the human body: synovial, immovable, and partly movable. Partly moveable joints are also called cartilaginous joints. They hold bones together by cartilage and are found in the vertebral discs of the spine. See Lesson: The Muscular System.

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