Gly Test 3 Practice Ch 20
- 1.
Fetch refers to ________.
- A.
A large expanse of open water over which the wind blows and generates waves
- B.
Ocean currents moving parallel to the beach
- C.
The rotational movements of water particles beneath a passing, surface wave
- D.
The beachfront area where rapid erosion is taking place
Correct Answer
A. A large expanse of open water over which the wind blows and generates waves -
- 2.
A deep-water wave exists when ________.
- A.
The wavelength exceeds one-half the water depth
- B.
The wavelength exceeds one-half the wave height
- C.
The water depth exceeds one-half the wavelength
- D.
The wave height exceeds the water depth
Correct Answer
C. The water depth exceeds one-half the wavelength -
- 3.
Water movement and sand transport parallel to the beach are fundamentally caused by
- A.
Strong, offshore winds creating a pileup of water along the beach front
- B.
Deep-water waves breaking offshore
- C.
Waves impinging obliquely onto a beach
- D.
A long fetch parallel to the beach
Correct Answer
C. Waves impinging obliquely onto a beach -
- 4.
Swash and backwash describe ________.
- A.
Movements of water and sand as waves break along a beach
- B.
The oscillatory movement of water beneath a passing wave
- C.
The swirling action and sand movements produced when a shallow water wave impinges on the bottom
- D.
The forward and backward water movements as storm waves reflect from a seawall or groin
Correct Answer
A. Movements of water and sand as waves break along a beach -
- 5.
How does refraction affect the crest and trough orientations of incoming waves along a beach?
- A.
As the waves move into shallower water, the angle between the wave crests (troughs) and the shoreline increases.
- B.
As the waves move into shallower water, the angle between the wave crests (troughs) and the shoreline decreases.
Correct Answer
B. As the waves move into shallower water, the angle between the wave crests (troughs) and the shoreline decreases. -
- 6.
________ are built more or less parallel to the beach.
- A.
Jetties
- B.
Seawalls
- C.
Groins
- D.
Breakers
Correct Answer
B. Seawalls -
- 7.
Over the past few thousand years, how, if at all, has sea level been changing?
- A.
It has fallen about 10 inches per century.
- B.
It has risen about 10 centimeters per century.
- C.
It has remained about the same.
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. It has risen about 10 centimeters per century. -
- 8.
How can crashing, collapsing, storm waves generate explosive forces and stresses on rocky outcrops and manmade structures?
- A.
Pressurized water and compressed air are driven into cracks and fissures
- B.
Backwash breaks out blocks of rock or concrete and carries them out to deeper water
- C.
Oscillating, refractive waves shake the hard materials into small fragments
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
A. Pressurized water and compressed air are driven into cracks and fissures -
- 9.
Increasing quantities of ________ will eventually produce global warming.
- A.
Carbon dioxide
- B.
Ozone
- C.
Water vapor
- D.
Volcanic aerosols
Correct Answer
A. Carbon dioxide -
- 10.
Erosional retreat of a ________ leads to enlargement and extension of a wave-cut platform in the inland direction.
- A.
Wave-cut cliff
- B.
Wave-cut barrier beach
- C.
Wave-cut tombolo
- D.
Offshore, wave-cut, breakwater bar
Correct Answer
A. Wave-cut cliff -
- 11.
How are spits, hooks, and baymouth bars formed?
- A.
A headland is eroded and the sand is deposited in an offshore basin.
- B.
Wave erosion cuts away both sides of a long sand bar, leaving a sand ridge aligned parallel to the shore.
- C.
Sand is deposited from longshore currents.
- D.
Sand eroded from a wave-cut diff is deposited around sea stacks and arches.
Correct Answer
C. Sand is deposited from longshore currents. -
- 12.
Which one of the following coastlines would typically have wave-cut cliffs, sea stacks, sea arches, and wave-cut platforms?
- A.
One where bedrock is vigorously eroded as sea level rises
- B.
One where a bedrock, wave-cut cliff is rapidly retreating inland as sea level falls
- C.
One where unconsolidated sediments are being eroded as sea level falls
- D.
One where unconsolidated sediments are being rapidly eroded as sea level rises
Correct Answer
A. One where bedrock is vigorously eroded as sea level rises -
- 13.
Emergent coastlines of Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden) and the Hudson Bay region of Canada result from which one of the following combinations?
- A.
The rate of glacial rebound exceeds the rate of sea level rise
- B.
The tectonic subsidence rate exceeds the rate of sea level rise
- C.
The rate of glacial rebound is less than the rate of sea level rise
- D.
The rate of tectonic uplift exceeds the rate of sea level fall
Correct Answer
A. The rate of glacial rebound exceeds the rate of sea level rise -
- 14.
Large estuaries are more common on a ________ coastline.
- A.
Submergent
- B.
Retreating
- C.
Stable
- D.
Emergent
Correct Answer
A. Submergent -
- 15.
A ________ tide is an incoming or rising tide.
- A.
Drift
- B.
Flood
- C.
Ebb
- D.
Rip
Correct Answer
B. Flood -
- 16.
________ are the maximum-amplitude tides produced when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned.
- A.
Rip tides
- B.
Spring tides
- C.
Surf tides
- D.
Neap tides
Correct Answer
B. Spring tides -
- 17.
Which of the following is true regarding the gravitational forces affecting Earth?
- A.
The lunar force is about twice that of the Sun.
- B.
The solar and lunar gravitational forces are about the same magnitude.
- C.
The solar force is about twice that of the Moon.
- D.
The gravitational forces of each vary depending upon seasons on Earth.
Correct Answer
A. The lunar force is about twice that of the Sun. -
- 18.
Which of the following statements concerning the Mississippi delta lands is not true?
- A.
Coastal erosion and loss of delta lands will continue as sea level continues to rise.
- B.
Artificial levees help spread river-borne sediment uniformly over the delta swamps and wetlands.
- C.
The sediment supply has dropped since large reservoirs were constructed on the Missouri and Arkansas Rivers.
- D.
The thick sediment pile is slowly compacting and the delta is slowly subsiding.
Correct Answer
B. Artificial levees help spread river-borne sediment uniformly over the delta swamps and wetlands. -
- 19.
________ refers to the broad dome of water moving with the eye and frontal portion of a hurricane.
- A.
Cyclonic mound
- B.
Storm surge
- C.
Eyewall ridge
- D.
Sea dome
Correct Answer
B. Storm surge -
- 20.
________ low initial costs and modest maintenance costs; high potential for storm damages and low to moderate potential for negative environmental effects
- A.
Promote coastal development; build massive, hardened structures to stop all but the most powerful storm waves
- B.
Prohibits coastal development; build nothing, declare victory over the sea and retreat from the coastline
- C.
Allow coastal development; make a long-term commitment to beach nourishment
Correct Answer
C. Allow coastal development; make a long-term commitment to beach nourishment -
- 21.
________ high initial costs and eventually high maintenance costs; high potential for storm damage and negative environmental consequences
- A.
Promote coastal development; build massive, hardened structures to stop all but the most powerful storm waves
- B.
Prohibits coastal development; build nothing, declare victory over the sea and retreat from the coastline
- C.
Allow coastal development; make a long-term commitment to beach nourishment
Correct Answer
A. Promote coastal development; build massive, hardened structures to stop all but the most powerful storm waves -
- 22.
________ low initial costs and low maintenance costs; low potential for storm damages and for negative environmental consequences
- A.
Promote coastal development; build massive, hardened structures to stop all but the most powerful storm waves
- B.
Prohibits coastal development; build nothing, declare victory over the sea and retreat from the coastline
- C.
Allow coastal development; make a long-term commitment to beach nourishment
Correct Answer
B. Prohibits coastal development; build nothing, declare victory over the sea and retreat from the coastline -
- 23.
________ is not a dynamic characteristic of a wave of oscillation.
- A.
Fetch
- B.
Velocity or speed
- C.
Wavelength
- D.
Period
Correct Answer
A. Fetch -
- 24.
________ are currents that move sand and water parallel to the beach.
- A.
Reflected
- B.
Longshore
- C.
Translational
- D.
Ebb tide
Correct Answer
B. Longshore -
- 25.
When does a deep-water wave change to a shallow water wave?
- A.
Only when the wave period is greater than one-half the water depth
- B.
Only when the wavelength is about twice the water depth
- C.
Only when the wavelength is about one-half the water depth
- D.
Only when the wave period is greater than twice the water depth
Correct Answer
B. Only when the wavelength is about twice the water depth -
- 26.
Incoming waves slow down and rotate towards an orientation of being parallel to the shoreline. This process is known as ________.
- A.
Reflection
- B.
Relaxing
- C.
Refluxing
- D.
Refraction
Correct Answer
D. Refraction -
- 27.
Which one of the following would prove that a coastline was emergent?
- A.
Elevated, wave-cut terraces
- B.
Many small bedrock islands
- C.
Extensive barrier islands
- D.
Numerous large estuaries
Correct Answer
A. Elevated, wave-cut terraces -
- 28.
Which one of the following is an artificial coastal feature?
- A.
Breakwater
- B.
Sand spit
- C.
Sea arch
- D.
Barrier island
Correct Answer
A. Breakwater -
- 29.
________ refers to the movements of sand and water on a beach due to a breaking wave.
- A.
Swash and slosh
- B.
Backwash and swash
- C.
Slash and slosh
- D.
Wash and backslosh
Correct Answer
B. Backwash and swash -
- 30.
A ________ is an isolated remnant of bedrock standing above a wave-cut platform.
- A.
Sea stack
- B.
Sea span
- C.
Sea rampart
- D.
Sea spit
Correct Answer
A. Sea stack -
- 31.
A ________ extends partway across the mouth of a bay or estuary.
- A.
Barrier island
- B.
Spit
- C.
Jetty
- D.
Sand arch
Correct Answer
B. Spit -
- 32.
A baymouth bar is ________.
- A.
A sand deposit on the seaward side of a tidal inlet to a large estuary
- B.
A sand bar extending across the former inlet to a bay or estuary
- C.
A sand barrier extending partway across the entrance to a bay or estuary
- D.
A sand deposit on the estuary side of an inlet through a barrier island
Correct Answer
B. A sand bar extending across the former inlet to a bay or estuary -
- 33.
A ________ migrates inland as a wave-cut platform is extended.
- A.
Wave-cut barrier dune
- B.
Wave-cut barrier stack
- C.
Wave-cut arch
- D.
Wave-cut cliff
Correct Answer
D. Wave-cut cliff -
- 34.
Which one of the following would not be a likely effect of a breakwater?
- A.
Increased, longshore current velocities between the breakwater and the beach
- B.
Dissipation of storm wave energy on the seaward side of the breakwater
- C.
Increased sand deposition between the beach and the breakwater
- D.
Increased erosion of the beach on one side of the breakwater
Correct Answer
A. Increased, longshore current velocities between the breakwater and the beach -
- 35.
A natural sand bar or low sand ridge that connects one island to another island or to the mainland is called a ________.
- A.
Sand groin
- B.
Spit
- C.
Jetty barrier
- D.
Tombolo
Correct Answer
D. Tombolo -
- 36.
Which one of the following is not directly related to wave refraction?
- A.
Speeds decrease as waves enter shallow water.
- B.
Ebb tidal currents carry large quantities of sand from estuaries to the seacoast side of a barrier island system.
- C.
Deposition is concentrated in bays and protected waters.
- D.
Erosional energy is focused on headland areas along the beach.
Correct Answer
B. Ebb tidal currents carry large quantities of sand from estuaries to the seacoast side of a barrier island system. -
- 37.
________ not the direct result of longshore current action.
- A.
Building and extension of spits are
- B.
Closing off of small estuaries by baymouth bars is
- C.
Transport of sand along the beach is
- D.
Cracking and abrasion of rock at the base of a wave-cut cliff are
Correct Answer
D. Cracking and abrasion of rock at the base of a wave-cut cliff are -
- 38.
A ________ tide is a tidal current flowing through an inlet into a bay or estuary.
- A.
Forward
- B.
Spring
- C.
Flood
- D.
Ebb
Correct Answer
C. Flood -
- 39.
________ are coastal structures designed to keep tidal inlets from shifting location or filling with sand.
- A.
Breakwaters
- B.
Seawalls
- C.
Jetties
- D.
Groins
Correct Answer
C. Jetties -
- 40.
Which one of the following statements concerning sea level is correct?
- A.
It has dropped since 900 A.D., but will probably rise for the next few hundred years.
- B.
It dropped during the past few centuries and that trend will continue.
- C.
It rose over past centuries but will probably drop in the next hundred years.
- D.
It rose for the past few centuries and will continue to rise.
Correct Answer
D. It rose for the past few centuries and will continue to rise. -
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Mar 19, 2022Quiz Edited by
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