Gly Test 3 Practice Ch 18
- 1.
The ________ is not the name of a Pleistocene glacial episode in North America.
- A.
Dakotan
- B.
Kansan
- C.
Illinoian
- D.
Nebraskan
Correct Answer
A. Dakotan -
- 2.
The ________ was the most recent Pleistocene glacial episode in North America.
- A.
Dakotan
- B.
Kansan
- C.
Indianan
- D.
Wisconsinan
Correct Answer
D. Wisconsinan -
- 3.
________ is one of the two major flow mechanisms in a glacier.
- A.
Basal slip
- B.
Crevassal slip
- C.
Frost heaving
- D.
Morainal sliding
Correct Answer
A. Basal slip -
- 4.
Where is the world's largest ice sheet located today?
- A.
Greenland
- B.
Russia, Siberia
- C.
Iceland
- D.
Antarctica
Correct Answer
D. Antarctica -
- 5.
Approximately how long ago did the last of the great North American ice sheets melt?
- A.
1500 yrs
- B.
1.5 million yrs
- C.
15,000 yrs
- D.
150,000 yrs
Correct Answer
C. 15,000 yrs -
- 6.
________ has/have speeds comparable to those of a flowing alpine glacier.
- A.
Soil creep
- B.
Streams
- C.
Mudflows
- D.
Basaltic lava flows
Correct Answer
A. Soil creep -
- 7.
The bottom or downward tip of a crevasse marks the ________.
- A.
Boundary between parts of the glacier moving by basal sliding and crevassal slip
- B.
Boundary between the basal sliding and external flowage zones
- C.
Bottom of the basal sliding zone
- D.
Top of the internal deformation and flowage zone
Correct Answer
D. Top of the internal deformation and flowage zone -
- 8.
Which one of the following applies to a valley glacier that lengthens (extends its terminus downslope) over a period of many years?
- A.
Wastage exceeds accumulation.
- B.
Accumulation exceeds wastage.
- C.
Accumulation and wastage are about equal.
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Accumulation exceeds wastage. -
- 9.
Abrasion and plucking generally involve what part of a glacier?
- A.
The internal, flowage zone
- B.
The snout zone
- C.
The surface, brittle zone
- D.
The basal, sliding zone
Correct Answer
D. The basal, sliding zone -
- 10.
A ________ cross-valley profile is typical of canyons and valleys eroded and deepened by alpine or valley glaciers.
- A.
U
- B.
Y
- C.
V
- D.
S
Correct Answer
A. U -
- 11.
________ are erosional features produced by valley/alpine glaciers.
- A.
Moraines
- B.
Cirques
- C.
Eskers
- D.
Drumlins
Correct Answer
B. Cirques -
- 12.
A(n) ________ is a depositional feature composed of till and only associated with continental glaciation, not with alpine glaciers.
- A.
Till
- B.
Outwash
- C.
Solid rock
- D.
Outwash deposit
Correct Answer
C. Solid rock -
- 13.
Which of the following glacial features would typically be found in close proximity?
- A.
Cirque and terminal moraine
- B.
Outwash plain and horn
- C.
Hanging valley and truncated spur
- D.
Drumlin and fiord
Correct Answer
C. Hanging valley and truncated spur -
- 14.
A(n) ________ represents a former meltwater channel or tunnel in glacial ice that was filled
- A.
Esker
- B.
Yazoo ridge
- C.
Valley plain
- D.
Kettle
Correct Answer
A. Esker -
- 15.
What type of moraine would be most useful for tracing diamond-bearing kimberlite fragments directly to their bedrock source area?
- A.
Terminal, valley or alpine glacier
- B.
Terminal, continental ice sheet
- C.
Recessional, continental ice sheet
- D.
Lateral, valley or alpine glacier
Correct Answer
D. Lateral, valley or alpine glacier -
- 16.
Which one of the following samples and experimental measurements would provide the most information about the Earth's climate over the last 100,000 years or so?
- A.
Cores from sea ice in the Arctic Ocean; NaCl content
- B.
Sediment cores from a terminal moraine in Ohio; sand-to-clay ratio
- C.
Sediment cores from a Pleistocene loess deposit in the state of Mississippi; SiO2 content
- D.
Cores from the Greenland ice sheet; ratios of the oxygen isotopes (0-18/0-16)
Correct Answer
D. Cores from the Greenland ice sheet; ratios of the oxygen isotopes (0-18/0-16) -
- 17.
________ is the best explanation for a glacial surge.
- A.
The climate cools suddenly and a retreating glacier begins to advance
- B.
Heavy snowfalls resulting in avalanches in the zone of accumulation
- C.
Melting at the base of the glacier resulting in increased rates of basal slip
- D.
Crevasses opening suddenly near the snout of a glacier
Correct Answer
C. Melting at the base of the glacier resulting in increased rates of basal slip -
- 18.
All of the following descriptions apply to stratified drift (not glacial till) except for ________.
- A.
Deposited directly from melting ice
- B.
Sand and gravel beds
- C.
Deposits are often layered and well-sorted
- D.
Deposited by glacial meltwater streams
Correct Answer
B. Sand and gravel beds -
- 19.
A(n) ________ is similar in appearance to a sinkhole of a karst area.
- A.
Moraine
- B.
Esker
- C.
Cirque
- D.
Kettle
Correct Answer
D. Kettle -
- 20.
Which one of the following prominent landforms, located from the Wasatch Range, UT, westward to the Sierra Nevada, CA, formed during the Pleistocene glacial episodes?
- A.
Terminal moraines of continental ice sheets that moved south from Canada
- B.
Old shorelines of large, pluvial lakes
- C.
Erosional features produced by continental glaciation
- D.
Subaerial deltas submerged by the post-glacial rise in sea level
Correct Answer
B. Old shorelines of large, pluvial lakes -
- 21.
A fiord is ________.
- A.
A stream valley, deepened by glacial erosion, that floods as sea level rises
- B.
A glacier-cut valley that is dammed by an end moraine and a large lake is formed
- C.
A glacier-cut valley which sinks below sea level due to glacial rebound after the ice melts
- D.
A large, kettle-pocked moraine left as an island when sea level rises following melting of the ice
Correct Answer
A. A stream valley, deepened by glacial erosion, that floods as sea level rises -
- 22.
Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea?
- A.
Kaming
- B.
Calving
- C.
Surging
- D.
Drowning
Correct Answer
B. Calving -
- 23.
The ________ of the geologic time scale represents the time of the most recent "Ice Age."
- A.
Pleistocene era
- B.
Pliocene epoch
- C.
Pleistocene epoch
- D.
Pliocene era
Correct Answer
C. Pleistocene epoch -
- 24.
Which of the following is the correct listing of the North American glacial stages from older to younger?
- A.
Indianan, Kansan, Nebraskan, Ohioan
- B.
Kansan, Illinoian, Iowan, Dakotan
- C.
Nebraskan, Indianan, Illinoian, Wisconsinan
- D.
Nebraskan, Kansan, Illinoian, Wisconsinan
Correct Answer
D. Nebraskan, Kansan, Illinoian, Wisconsinan -
- 25.
Which one of the following statements concerning glaciers is not true?
- A.
Ice sheets are larger than ice caps.
- B.
Piedmont glaciers form on lowlands at the base of mountainous terrain.
- C.
The volume of water tied up in the Antarctic ice sheet is about the same as the total discharge of the Amazon River in one year.
- D.
Long, extended, alpine glaciers occupied valleys in most high, mountainous areas in the United States, Canada, and Europe at one or more times during the past two million years.
Correct Answer
D. Long, extended, alpine glaciers occupied valleys in most high, mountainous areas in the United States, Canada, and Europe at one or more times during the past two million years. -
- 26.
A ________ is an erosional feature specifically produced by alpine glaciation.
- A.
Lateral moraine
- B.
Drumlin
- C.
Crevasse spur
- D.
U-shaped valley
Correct Answer
D. U-shaped valley -
- 27.
A(n) ________ is likely to host a waterfall or steep rapids today.
- A.
Outwash plain
- B.
Hanging valley
- C.
Striated drumlin
- D.
Horn peak
Correct Answer
B. Hanging valley -
- 28.
A ________ is a glacier-cut valley that partly flooded as sea level rose.
- A.
Till crevasse
- B.
Fiord
- C.
Hanging cirque
- D.
Kettle trough
Correct Answer
B. Fiord -
- 29.
A drumlin is a ________.
- A.
Smooth, tapering ridge of till; formed and shaped beneath a continental ice sheet
- B.
Bowl-shaped depression eroded largely by frost action and glacial plucking
- C.
Till mound of outwash deposited by meltwater streams at the snout of a glacier
- D.
Smooth, striated, bedrock ridge shaped and polished by a glacier
Correct Answer
A. Smooth, tapering ridge of till; formed and shaped beneath a continental ice sheet -
- 30.
________ are both deposited by meltwater streams.
- A.
Terminal moraines and cirques
- B.
Outwash plains and valley trains
- C.
Valley moraines and ice sheet trains
- D.
Recessional kettles and erratics
Correct Answer
B. Outwash plains and valley trains -
- 31.
Where is the world's second largest continental ice sheet?
- A.
Iceland
- B.
Greenland
- C.
Antarctica
- D.
Siberian Russia
Correct Answer
B. Greenland -
- 32.
How do icebergs in the North Atlantic Ocean originate?
- A.
By calving of large piedmont glaciers in Greenland
- B.
As large masses of sea ice that float northward from Antarctica
- C.
As masses of sea ice that float southward from the Arctic Ocean
- D.
As calved blocks of glacial ice that float northward from Antarctica
Correct Answer
A. By calving of large piedmont glaciers in Greenland -
- 33.
Which of the following best describes the term glacial drift?
- A.
Floating of icebergs southward from the north polar seas
- B.
Slow, plastic flow movement in the brittle zone of a glacier
- C.
The sedimentary materials outwash and till
- D.
The slow, southward advance of the continental ice sheets over Canada and North America during the Pleistocene
Correct Answer
C. The sedimentary materials outwash and till -
- 34.
Which one of the following statements concerning glacial deposits is not true?
- A.
Till is deposited directly from the ice; outwash is deposited by meltwater streams.
- B.
Glacial erratics are blocks of rock that are too large for the glacier to move.
- C.
Tills are poorly sorted and the fragments are mostly angular.
- D.
Outwash is mainly stratified sand and gravel.
Correct Answer
B. Glacial erratics are blocks of rock that are too large for the glacier to move. -
- 35.
What type of moraine is formed by the merging of two lateral moraines at a junction of two valley glaciers?
- A.
Medial
- B.
Recessional
- C.
Ground
- D.
Kettle
Correct Answer
A. Medial -
- 36.
A ________ forms when stagnant, glacial ice melts after being buried by drift.
- A.
Tarn
- B.
Kettle
- C.
Drumlin
- D.
Pluvial delta
Correct Answer
B. Kettle -
- 37.
Which one of the following could not have significantly affected climatic variations and advances and retreats of ice sheets during the Pleistocene epoch?
- A.
Movements of Earth's tectonic plates
- B.
Variations in the Sun's energy output
- C.
Precession of Earth's orbit
- D.
Wobbling of Earth's rotational axis
Correct Answer
A. Movements of Earth's tectonic plates -
- 38.
________ was a very large, pluvial lake in Utah during the Pleistocene Epoch.
- A.
Lake Caspian
- B.
Lake Aral
- C.
Lake Mead
- D.
Lake Bonneville
Correct Answer
D. Lake Bonneville -
- 39.
A(n) ________ would logically be situated next to a large end moraine or terminal moraine.
- A.
Cirque
- B.
Fiord
- C.
Pluvial lake
- D.
Outwash plain
Correct Answer
D. Outwash plain -
- 40.
Which of the following is often associated with a cirque basin in high, mountainous terrain?
- A.
Loon lake
- B.
Kettle pond
- C.
Tarn lake
- D.
Arête pond
Correct Answer
C. Tarn lake -
- 41.
________ is an irregular, usually thin till layer laid down by a retreating glacier.
- A.
Terminal moraine
- B.
Outwash blanket
- C.
Kame sheet
- D.
Ground moraine
Correct Answer
D. Ground moraine -
- 42.
All of the following are thought to possibly contribute to the formation of glaciers except for ________.
- A.
Eccentricity
- B.
Precession
- C.
Comets
- D.
Plate tectonics
Correct Answer
C. Comets -
- 43.
________ moraine
- A.
Till
- B.
Outwash
- C.
Solid rock
Correct Answer
A. Till -
- 44.
________ erratic
- A.
Till
- B.
Outwash
- C.
Solid rock
Correct Answer
C. Solid rock -
- 45.
________ cirque
- A.
Till
- B.
Outwash
- C.
Solid rock
Correct Answer
C. Solid rock -
- 46.
________ esker
- A.
Till
- B.
Outwash
- C.
Solid rock
Correct Answer
B. Outwash -
- 47.
________ horn
- A.
Till
- B.
Outwash
- C.
Solid rock
Correct Answer
C. Solid rock -
- 48.
________ drumlin
- A.
Till
- B.
Outwash
- C.
Solid rock
Correct Answer
A. Till -
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