Gly Test 3 Practice Ch 17

1. The water table is ________.

A boundary between unsaturated bedrock and an underground river

A boundary between unsaturated bedrock below and saturated bedrock above

An underground mass of partly saturated rock

A boundary between saturated rock below and unsaturated rock above

2. _______ controls the ease (or difficulty) of groundwater transmission through a porous material.

Potability

Portability

Permeosity

Permeability

3. ________ is the volume of voids or open space in a rock or unconsolidated material.

Permeability

Space yield

Porosity

Saturation index

4. ________ account for the largest usage of groundwater in the United States.

Water for livestock and poultry

Domestic and municipal supplies

Industrial uses

Agriculture and irrigation

5. An unconfined water table is the ________.

Boundary between the saturated zone above and partly saturated zone below

Bottom boundary surface of the saturated zone above an aquitard

Boundary between the aerated zone above and saturated zone below

Boundary between the aerated and unsaturated zones

6. What is the relationship between drawdown and the cone of depression associated with a pumping well?

The drawdown is the diameter of the cone of depression measured at the elevation of the original water table.

The drawdown is the percentage of available water in the aquifer that has already been used.

Drawdown is the distance between the original water table and the water level in the well.

There is no relationship between drawdown and the cone of depression.

7. For unconfined aquifers, what hydrologic factor is approximated by the slope of the water table?

Porosity head

Hydro competency

Affluent decline

Hydraulic gradient

8. _______ are characteristics found in all good aquifers.

High porosity and high permeability

Low permeability and high potability

High potability and high portability

Low porosity and low permeability

9. An artesian well is one in which ________.

The water is warm, fairly saline, and recharged by an affluent stream

Pressurized groundwater rises from a deep, unsaturated aquifer

Water rises above the top of the aquifer without any pumping

The well is horizontal and the water table is perched

10. A ________ is the icicle-like speleothem that grows down from the roof of a cavern.

Stalandite

Stalactite

Stalagmite

Slagdite

11. The hot spring deposits at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, are travertine. What rock probably lies somewhere beneath the hot springs?

Shale

Rhyolite

Limestone

Quartzite

12. Which one of the following situations result from excessive withdrawl of groundwater in a given area?

Unconsolidated medium-grained sand; sand grains are coated with clay minerals

Sandstone; well-cemented with a few, widely spaced vertical fractures

Lakebeds; unconsolidated very fine-grained sand and silt

Limestone; numerous solution channels and fractures widened by dissolution

13. What force pushes groundwater from pore to pore below the water table?

Integrated saturation impulse

Permeability steepness

Pressure gradient or hydraulic gradient

Seepage affluence actor

14. After ice sheets and glaciers, ________ contain(s) the next highest percentage of the Earth's freshwater.

The atmosphere

Lakes and rivers

Groundwater

Rocks & minerals

15. Which common, rock-forming mineral or mineral group is most readily dissolved by groundwater?

Calcite

Quartz

Feldspars

Clay minerals

16. A stream is said to be perennial and effluent when ________.

The channel is above the local water table year round

The local water table is above the channel bottom year round

The channel bottom and the water table are constantly at the exact same level

Precipitation is such that the water table remains constant throughout the year

17. A perched water table develops when ________.

A horizontal aquitard above the regional water table lies below an aquifer

An aquifer above the regional water table is overlain by a horizontal aquitard

An aquifer below the regional water table is underlain by a horizontal aquitard

An aquitard below the regional water table lies above a horizontal aquiferD) a

18. ________ would have the largest capacity to naturally remove sewage pollutants

Fractured granite

Well-sorted, coarse gravel

Slightly clayey sand

Limestone with solution channels and caverns

19. Which one of the following is not a speleothem?

Geyserite

Dripstone

Stalactite

Stalagmite

20. Which of the following best describes how geysers erupt?

Water suddenly boils in disconnected voids and cracks above the water table, causing the aquifer to explosively fragment.

21. Where are the most extensive geothermal features in the world?

Yosemite National Park, U. S.

Geysers Artesian Park, Japan

Iceland's Groundwater Preserve

Yellowstone National Park, U. S.

22. How would hazardous substances behave that accidentally entered a groundwater system?

Gasoline and kerosene would float on the watertable; ethyl alcohol would dissolve and disperse in the groundwater.

All of the above hazardous substances would dissolve into the groundwater.

23. A lens of fresh groundwater in an unconfined aquifer overlies deeper, salty groundwater. If the water table elevation drops by one foot, how far will the interface between the freshwater and salty water rise?

10 feet

30 meters

20 meters

40 feet

24. The term karst topography was first used in ________.

The Republic of Slovenia, a province of the former Yugoslavia

Eastern Canada in areas of fractured igneous and metamorphic rocks

India near the southern foothills of the Himalayan Mountains

Australia for the extremely dry interior area near Ayres Rock and Alice Springs

25. Which ofthe following is not a general characteristic of groundwater?

Constant temperature year round

Rarely contains dissolved constituents

Rarely contains suspended sediment

Supply is independent of short droughts

26. Excessive groundwater withdrawals can cause ________.

The water table to drop or decline in elevation

An influent stream to become an effluent stream

Expansion of the dewatered aquifer

Porosity in the aquifer to increase as the water is removed

27. The aerated zone ________.

Lies above the water table

Pore spaces are filled with water

Is a well-oxygenated, shallow aquifer

Lies below the capillary fringe zone

28. An aquifer is ________.

The porous and permeable, saturated cone of depression in an aquitard

A layer or stratum in which groundwater flows downward to the water table

A saturated, porous, and permeable layer or stratum

An unsaturated, influent-flow bed or stratum below a spring

29. Which of the following describes the configuration of an unconfined water table around a pumping well?

Depressional withdrawal

Upside-down siphon

Cone of depression

Inverted cone head

30. A disappearing (sinking) creek is ________.

An influent stream in a karst area

A stream that downcuts below the water table

A creek that originates as a large spring flowing from a cave

A small creek flowing downslope to the top of a perched water table

31. Which one of the following concerning stalactites and stalagmites is not true?

Stalactites are deposited from water dripping from the ceiling of an aerated cavern.

Both are composed of calcium carbonate.

Both are forms of dripstone; stalactites hang from the ceiling, stalagmites grow upward fromthe cavern floor.

Stalagmites form on the floors of caves below the water table.

32. Which one of the following logically explains why parts of some cavern systems are aerated?

The caves formed and later the water table rose.

A nearby, downcutting stream lowered the water table after the caves had formed.

Streams formerly flowing on the surface were diverted into the groundwater system through sinkholes.

The main water table is perched above the cavern roofs, allowing air to enter.

33. Which one of the following concerning artesian wells is not true?

The well penetrates an aquifer overlain by an aquitard.

The well penetrates an aquifer underlain by an impermeable bed.

When the well penetrates the aquifer, the water rises to the bottom of the aquitard above the aquifer.

34. Which of the following statements concerning unconfined aquifers on barrier islands and atolls is correct?

Wells drilled below sea level will produce only saline water.

Any salty water in the aquifer will rise if the water table is lowered by pumping.

35. ________ are specific features of karst topography.

Streams flowing into depressions and continuing underground

Perched water table springs on hillsides

Numerous artesian wells in a given area

Perennial, influent streams fed by large springs

36. Which of the following can logically be concluded by speleothems/dripstone hanging from a cave roof?

The cave roof was below the water table when the speleothems formed.

The cave floor was above the water table and the roof was below the water table when the speleothems formed.

The cave roof was above the water table when the speleothems formed.

The cave roof was below the water table sometime after the speleothems had formed.

37. Which one of the following statements is true for an artesian aquifer?

Upward flow from a permeable aquitard is prevented by a confining aquifer.

In deep, stream-cut valleys, many springs are fed from artesian aquifers.