Gly Test 3 Practice Ch 17
- 1.After ice sheets and glaciers, ________ contain(s) the next highest percentage of the Earth's freshwater.
- A.
The atmosphere
- B.
Lakes and rivers
- C.
Groundwater
- D.
Rocks & minerals
- 2.Which common, rock-forming mineral or mineral group is most readily dissolved by groundwater?
- A.
Calcite
- B.
Quartz
- C.
Feldspars
- D.
Clay minerals
- 3.Which ofthe following is not a general characteristic of groundwater?
- A.
Constant temperature year round
- B.
Rarely contains dissolved constituents
- C.
Rarely contains suspended sediment
- D.
Supply is independent of short droughts
- 4.A stream is said to be perennial and effluent when ________.
- A.
The channel is above the local water table year round
- B.
The local water table is above the channel bottom year round
- C.
The channel bottom and the water table are constantly at the exact same level
- D.
Precipitation is such that the water table remains constant throughout the year
- 5.The water table is ________.
- A.
A boundary between unsaturated bedrock and an underground river
- B.
A boundary between unsaturated bedrock below and saturated bedrock above
- C.
An underground mass of partly saturated rock
- D.
A boundary between saturated rock below and unsaturated rock above
- 6._______ controls the ease (or difficulty) of groundwater transmission through a porous material.
- A.
Potability
- B.
Portability
- C.
Permeosity
- D.
Permeability
- 7._______ are characteristics found in all good aquifers.
- A.
High porosity and high permeability
- B.
Low permeability and high potability
- C.
High potability and high portability
- D.
Low porosity and low permeability
- 8.A perched water table develops when ________.
- A.
A horizontal aquitard above the regional water table lies below an aquifer
- B.
An aquifer above the regional water table is overlain by a horizontal aquitard
- C.
An aquifer below the regional water table is underlain by a horizontal aquitard
- D.
An aquitard below the regional water table lies above a horizontal aquifer D) a
- 9.An artesian well is one in which ________.
- A.
The water is warm, fairly saline, and recharged by an affluent stream
- B.
Pressurized groundwater rises from a deep, unsaturated aquifer
- C.
Water rises above the top of the aquifer without any pumping
- D.
The well is horizontal and the water table is perched
- 10.Which one of the following statements is true for an artesian aquifer?
- A.
The water table in the recharge area is at a higher elevation than the top of the aquifer in the subsurface.
- B.
Upward flow from a permeable aquitard is prevented by a confining aquifer.
- C.
The pressure at any point in the aquifer is considerably less than the weight of the water column between the point and the top of the aquifer.
- D.
In deep, stream-cut valleys, many springs are fed from artesian aquifers.
- 11.Excessive groundwater withdrawals can cause ________.
- A.
The water table to drop or decline in elevation
- B.
An influent stream to become an effluent stream
- C.
Expansion of the dewatered aquifer
- D.
Porosity in the aquifer to increase as the water is removed
- 12.Which one of the following situations result from excessive withdrawl of groundwater in a given area?
- A.
Unconsolidated medium-grained sand; sand grains are coated with clay minerals
- B.
Sandstone; well-cemented with a few, widely spaced vertical fractures
- C.
Lakebeds; unconsolidated very fine-grained sand and silt
- D.
Limestone; numerous solution channels and fractures widened by dissolution
- 13.Which one of the following logically explains why parts of some cavern systems are aerated?
- A.
The caves formed and later the water table rose.
- B.
A nearby, downcutting stream lowered the water table after the caves had formed.
- C.
Streams formerly flowing on the surface were diverted into the groundwater system through sinkholes.
- D.
The main water table is perched above the cavern roofs, allowing air to enter.
- 14.How would hazardous substances behave that accidentally entered a groundwater system?
- A.
Gasoline and kerosene would float on the watertable; ethyl alcohol would dissolve and disperse in the groundwater.
- B.
Gasoline and kerosene would float on the water table, but most pesticides break down chemically when they reach the water table.
- C.
Sulfuric and nitric acids would sink to the bottom of the aquifer; kerosene would accumulate as a layer just below the water table.
- D.
All of the above hazardous substances would dissolve into the groundwater.
- 15.A ________ is the icicle-like speleothem that grows down from the roof of a cavern.
- A.
Stalandite
- B.
Stalactite
- C.
Stalagmite
- D.
Slagdite
- 16.________ are specific features of karst topography.
- A.
Streams flowing into depressions and continuing underground
- B.
Perched water table springs on hillsides
- C.
Numerous artesian wells in a given area
- D.
Perennial, influent streams fed by large springs
- 17.Which of the following can logically be concluded by speleothems/dripstone hanging from a cave roof?
- A.
The cave roof was below the water table when the speleothems formed.
- B.
The cave floor was above the water table and the roof was below the water table when the speleothems formed.
- C.
The cave roof was above the water table when the speleothems formed.
- D.
The cave roof was below the water table sometime after the speleothems had formed.
- 18.________ account for the largest usage of groundwater in the United States.
- A.
Water for livestock and poultry
- B.
Domestic and municipal supplies
- C.
Industrial uses
- D.
Agriculture and irrigation
- 19.What is the relationship between drawdown and the cone of depression associated with a pumping well?
- A.
The drawdown is the diameter of the cone of depression measured at the elevation of the original water table.
- B.
The drawdown is the percentage of available water in the aquifer that has already been used.
- C.
Drawdown is the distance between the original water table and the water level in the well.
- D.
There is no relationship between drawdown and the cone of depression.
- 20.The hot spring deposits at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, are travertine. What rock probably lies somewhere beneath the hot springs?
- A.
Shale
- B.
Rhyolite
- C.
Limestone
- D.
Quartzite
- 21.Which of the following statements concerning unconfined aquifers on barrier islands and atolls is correct?
- A.
Wells drilled below sea level will produce only saline water.
- B.
The water table must be 40 feet above sea level to keep the salty water in the aquifer below sea level.
- C.
Any salty water in the aquifer will rise if the water table is lowered by pumping.
- D.
Pumping freshwater from one, large capacity well is much less likely to cause salty water to rise in the aquifer than pumping from several, widely spaced, smaller capacity wells.
- 22.The aerated zone ________.
- A.
Lies above the water table
- B.
Pore spaces are filled with water
- C.
Is a well-oxygenated, shallow aquifer
- D.
Lies below the capillary fringe zone
- 23.For unconfined aquifers, what hydrologic factor is approximated by the slope of the water table?
- A.
Porosity head
- B.
Hydro competency
- C.
Affluent decline
- D.
Hydraulic gradient
- 24.An aquifer is ________.
- A.
The porous and permeable, saturated cone of depression in an aquitard
- B.
A layer or stratum in which groundwater flows downward to the water table
- C.
A saturated, porous, and permeable layer or stratum
- D.
An unsaturated, influent-flow bed or stratum below a spring
- 25.A lens of fresh groundwater in an unconfined aquifer overlies deeper, salty groundwater. If the water table elevation drops by one foot, how far will the interface between the freshwater and salty water rise?
- A.
10 feet
- B.
30 meters
- C.
20 meters
- D.
40 feet
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