Ga Judicial Branch Vocab And Court System

A person under the age of 17 in GA is considered a juvenile. Juvenile refers to a person who is not yet an adult and is still legally classified as a minor. This term is commonly used in the legal system to differentiate between adults and individuals who are still in their youth.

A less serious crime punishable by less than a year in prison and/or a fine of less than $1,000 is known as a misdemeanor. Misdemeanors are generally considered to be less severe offenses compared to felonies, which carry harsher penalties. This classification allows for a distinction between different levels of criminal offenses based on their seriousness and potential punishments.

The given question is asking whether the disputes between individuals usually over money or compensation for action are classified as criminal or civil cases. The correct answer is civil. Civil cases involve legal disputes between individuals or organizations, usually seeking monetary compensation or some form of resolution. Criminal cases, on the other hand, involve offenses against the state and are prosecuted by the government. Therefore, based on the description provided, it is clear that the disputes mentioned in the question fall under the category of civil cases.

To be appointed means to be selected or chosen for a position or office in the government. This implies that someone has been given the authority or responsibility to fulfill certain duties or tasks within the government. The process of appointment usually involves a formal decision-making process, where an individual is selected based on their qualifications, skills, or expertise in a particular field. Being appointed to a government position or office signifies that the person has been entrusted with the power to make decisions and take actions on behalf of the government.

Civil law is the correct answer because it is the branch of law that deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, rather than criminal matters. It encompasses a wide range of legal issues such as contracts, property, torts, and family law. In civil law, the goal is to provide compensation or resolution to the injured party rather than punishment for the wrongdoer. This distinguishes it from criminal law, which focuses on offenses against society as a whole and involves the government prosecuting the accused. Indictment and arraignment are specific legal procedures within the criminal law system and not relevant to disputes between individuals.

In a trial, evidence is presented by both the prosecution and defense, a defense is offered by the accused, and a decision is reached by the judge or jury. This is the stage where all parties present their arguments, witnesses testify, and the facts of the case are examined. The purpose of the trial is to determine the guilt or innocence of the defendant based on the evidence and arguments presented.

The given statement suggests that the punishment for the offense can include prison time and/or a fine. This aligns with the characteristics of criminal cases, where the state or government prosecutes individuals who have violated laws. In criminal cases, the purpose of punishment is often to deter criminal behavior and protect society. So, based on the information provided, the correct answer is Criminal.

The Supreme Court is the highest court in a state's judicial system. It has the final authority to interpret and apply the law, making it the ultimate arbiter of legal disputes. As the highest court, it has the power to review decisions made by lower courts and has the ability to establish legal precedent that must be followed by all other courts within the state. The Supreme Court's decisions are final and cannot be appealed, making it the ultimate authority in the state's legal system.

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Jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear and make decisions on a particular case. It determines whether a court has the power to adjudicate a matter and enforce its judgments. In this context, jurisdiction is the correct answer as it directly relates to the authority of a court to rule on a certain case. The other options, such as civil law, criminal law, and defendant, do not specifically pertain to the authority of a court in this context.

The correct answer is superior courts, state courts, juvenile courts, probate courts, magistrate courts, municipal courts. This order is based on the level of authority and jurisdiction each court has in Georgia. Superior courts have the highest level of authority and handle major criminal and civil cases. State courts handle cases involving state laws and certain misdemeanors. Juvenile courts deal with cases involving minors. Probate courts handle matters such as wills, estates, and guardianships. Magistrate courts handle minor criminal offenses and civil cases. Municipal courts handle violations of city ordinances and traffic offenses.

A person who brings a case against another person in a court of law is called a plaintiff. In legal proceedings, the plaintiff is the party who initiates the lawsuit by making a formal complaint against the defendant. The plaintiff is responsible for presenting evidence and arguments to support their claim and seek a legal remedy or compensation for any harm or wrongdoing they have suffered. The defendant, on the other hand, is the party against whom the case is brought and is required to respond to the plaintiff's allegations in court.

An appellate court is a type of court that reviews cases after they have been initially tried. This court is concerned with examining the decisions made by lower courts to determine if any errors were made or if the law was correctly applied. The purpose of an appellate court is to ensure that the legal process is fair and that the rights of the parties involved are protected. This court does not conduct new trials or hear new evidence, but rather focuses on the legal issues and arguments presented in the case.

A serious crime that is punishable by a year or more in prison and/or a fine of $1,000 or more is known as a felony. Felonies are considered more severe offenses compared to misdemeanors, which carry lesser penalties. Jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear and decide a case, while an indictment is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime.

In this scenario, the correct answer is "Criminal" because the question mentions that the state accuses someone of violating a state or local crime. Criminal cases involve offenses against the state or society, where the state takes legal action against the accused. In contrast, civil cases involve disputes between individuals or organizations, seeking compensation or resolution for personal or contractual matters.

The purpose of a superior court is to handle felony trials, some misdemeanors, and civil cases. Additionally, it has exclusive jurisdiction over divorce and land titles.

There are two appellate courts in Georgia: the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court. These courts handle appeals from lower courts and have the authority to review and overturn decisions made by those courts. The Court of Appeals is an intermediate appellate court, while the Supreme Court is the highest appellate court in the state.

Arraignment is the formal reading of a charge to a defendant, where the defendant is informed of the charges against them and is asked to enter a plea. This is the initial step in a criminal trial process, where the defendant is given the opportunity to respond to the charges and enter a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest. It is a crucial stage in the legal proceedings as it ensures that the defendant is aware of the charges and can exercise their right to defend themselves.

In a superior court, there is a jury. The judges in the superior court are elected to four-year terms and must meet certain criteria, including being 30 years old, a licensed attorney who has practiced for seven years, and a resident of Georgia for three years. This means that in addition to the judges, a group of citizens selected as jurors will be responsible for deciding the outcome of the case.

The purpose of magistrate court is to handle small civil claims.

The punishment of a fine typically falls under civil law rather than criminal law. In civil cases, the purpose of the fine is to compensate the injured party or to deter the defendant from engaging in similar behavior in the future. Criminal cases, on the other hand, involve offenses against society as a whole and aim to punish and rehabilitate the offender. Since the question specifically mentions punishment in the form of a fine, it indicates a civil matter rather than a criminal one.

Criminal Law defines crimes and provides their punishments. It is the body of law that deals with offenses committed against the public, such as murder, theft, and assault. When individuals break state laws, they are also breaking Criminal Law. This was demonstrated in the case of Georgia v. Durkee, where the violation of state laws led to the breaking of Criminal Law. Therefore, Criminal Law is the correct answer.

There are 159 juvenile courts, with one court per county. This means that each county has its own dedicated court to handle cases involving juvenile offenders.

The purpose of a municipal court is to enforce city laws, ordinance violations, and traffic violations within city limits. This means that the court is responsible for ensuring that individuals who have violated city laws or ordinances are held accountable for their actions. Additionally, the court handles cases related to traffic violations that occur within the city. By enforcing these laws and regulations, the municipal court helps to maintain order and safety within the city.

There are 159 probate courts, with one court per county. Each county has its own probate court to handle matters related to wills, estates, and guardianships. This ensures that these legal matters are addressed at a local level and allows for efficient administration of probate cases.

State courts have the purpose of handling various legal matters within a specific state. This includes handling traffic violations, issuing warrants within a county, and dealing with misdemeanors. These courts are responsible for adjudicating cases related to traffic violations, such as speeding tickets or parking violations. They also have the authority to issue warrants for arrest or search within their jurisdiction. Additionally, state courts handle misdemeanor cases, which are less serious offenses compared to felonies. Felonies, warrants, and traffic violations are not mentioned as the purpose of state courts in this answer.

An indictment is a formal charge or accusation of a crime. It is a document issued by a grand jury, stating that there is enough evidence to proceed with a criminal trial. An indictment is typically based on the findings of a preliminary hearing or investigation, and it outlines the specific charges against the defendant. It is an important step in the criminal justice process, as it officially initiates the legal proceedings against the accused individual.

In the Supreme Court, there is no jury. Instead, the court consists of 7 justices who are elected. Jury trials are typically held in lower courts, where a group of citizens is selected to hear the evidence and decide the outcome of a case. However, in the Supreme Court, the justices themselves are responsible for hearing and deciding cases, making the jury unnecessary.

There are 159 magistrate courts, with each county having its own court. This means that there is one magistrate court for each county in the given area.

In a court of law, a person who is accused of a crime is referred to as the defendant. The defendant is the individual who is being charged with an offense and must defend themselves against the allegations brought by the prosecution. They have the right to present evidence, cross-examine witnesses, and have legal representation to ensure a fair trial. The term "defendant" is commonly used in criminal cases, distinguishing it from civil cases where the parties involved are referred to as plaintiffs and defendants.

The purpose of the court of appeals is to review and correct legal errors that may have occurred during a trial. This means that if there were any mistakes made in the application of the law or in the procedures followed during the trial, the court of appeals has the authority to correct those errors. This ensures that justice is served and that individuals have the opportunity to have their cases reviewed by a higher court if they believe there were errors in the lower court's decision.

The Supreme Court is responsible for hearing appeals from the court of appeals, ruling on questions involving the constitutionality of state laws, and automatically reviewing death penalty cases. This means that individuals who are dissatisfied with the decisions made by lower courts can appeal to the Supreme Court for a final ruling. Additionally, the Supreme Court has the authority to determine whether state laws are in line with the Constitution, ensuring that they do not violate citizens' rights. Furthermore, the Supreme Court automatically reviews cases involving the death penalty to ensure that the proceedings were fair and constitutional.

There are 159 state courts.

In civil cases, defendants are not required to testify in court. The burden of proof lies with the plaintiff, who must provide evidence to support their claim. Defendants have the right to remain silent and not testify against themselves. On the other hand, in criminal cases, defendants have the right to testify, but they are not obligated to do so. If they choose not to testify, it cannot be held against them. Therefore, the fact that defendants must testify in court suggests that the correct answer is civil.

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In juvenile court, there is no jury. Instead, judges are appointed by supreme court justices for 4-year terms.

In state court, there is a jury system in place for trials. The judges in state court are elected by the people and serve four-year terms.

The Court of Appeals is the first court of review, meaning it is the first level of court where cases can be appealed. It does not have original jurisdiction, which means it does not have the authority to hear cases for the first time. Instead, its role is to review decisions made by lower courts and determine if there were any errors in the application of the law.

There are 370 municipal courts in GA.

In a magistrate court, there is no jury. Instead, the judges are responsible for making decisions in the cases. In most cases, these judges are elected by the public. However, in some instances, judges may be appointed by the legislature. This means that while the majority of judges are elected, there are some who are appointed to their positions.

In criminal cases, defendants have the right to remain silent and cannot be compelled to testify against themselves. This is protected by the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution, which ensures that individuals cannot be forced to incriminate themselves. This principle is commonly known as the right against self-incrimination. In civil cases, however, there is no such protection, and defendants can be called to testify and provide evidence against themselves. Therefore, the fact that defendants do not have to testify against themselves indicates that the correct answer is criminal.

Probate court serves the purpose of primarily handling wills and estates, as well as appointing guardians. This means that it is responsible for overseeing the distribution of assets and property after someone's death, ensuring that the deceased's wishes are carried out. Additionally, probate court can also appoint guardians for minors or individuals who are unable to care for themselves. This explanation aligns with the answer choice provided.

The juvenile court handles cases for delinquent children under the age of 17 and neglected children under 18. This means that if a child is involved in criminal activities or has committed an offense, they can be brought to the juvenile court for legal proceedings. Additionally, if a child is being neglected or abused by their parents or guardians, the juvenile court can intervene to ensure the child's safety and well-being.

There is only one court of appeals.

The Supreme Court oversees the legal profession in the state and the judicial branch. This means that it has the authority to regulate and supervise the practice of law within the state, as well as ensure the proper functioning of the judicial branch of government. The Supreme Court plays a crucial role in upholding the rule of law and maintaining the integrity of the legal profession.

In the court of appeals, there is no jury. Instead, the court is composed of judges who are elected and divided into four panels, with each panel consisting of three judges. These judges are responsible for hearing and deciding on appeals cases.

The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over appellate cases only. This means that it primarily hears cases on appeal from lower courts, rather than original cases. The Court reviews these cases to determine if there were any errors in the interpretation or application of the law. It does not have the authority to hear original cases or cases involving criminal matters. Therefore, the correct answer is "Appellate only."

In municipal court, there is no jury. Instead, the judges are elected. This means that the judges are chosen by the public through an election process rather than being appointed by a higher authority.

There are 49 superior courts.