Final Biology Exam *

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  • 1/114 Questions

    Gene regulation is accomplished by

    • Control of the amount of mRNA transcribed
    • Control of the rate of translation
    • Control of the activity of a protein product
    • All of These
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Final Biology Exam * - Quiz
About This Quiz

This quiz is to help you if you have a final in biology coming up.

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  • 2. 

    Nucleic acids are important in

    • Formation of complex lipids

    • Storage of hereditary information

    • Protein synthesis

    • Both b & c

    Correct Answer
    A. Both b & c
    Explanation
    Nucleic acids are important in both the storage of hereditary information and protein synthesis. They carry genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. Nucleic acids, specifically DNA, store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next. Additionally, RNA, a type of nucleic acid, plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by carrying the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both b & c."

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  • 3. 

    Lipids perform important functions in organisms, including:

    • Hormones

    • Energy source

    • Vitamins

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    Lipids perform important functions in organisms such as serving as hormones, providing energy, and acting as a source of vitamins. They play a crucial role in hormone production and regulation, acting as chemical messengers in various physiological processes. Additionally, lipids are a concentrated source of energy, providing fuel for cellular activities. They also serve as carriers for fat-soluble vitamins, facilitating their absorption and utilization in the body. Therefore, lipids are involved in all of these essential functions in organisms.

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  • 4. 

    Evolution is a major biological concept because

    • It unites all of biology

    • Living things change over time

    • It is an explanation for the presence of millions of species on earth

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    Evolution is a major biological concept because it encompasses all aspects of biology. It explains how living things change over time, leading to the presence of millions of species on Earth. Additionally, evolution serves as a unifying principle in biology, connecting various fields such as genetics, ecology, and anatomy. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of these" as all the given statements accurately describe the significance of evolution in the biological sciences.

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  • 5. 

    Genetic disorders may be

    • Inherited as recessive alleles

    • X-Linked traits

    • Passed more frequently from mothers to sons

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    Genetic disorders can be inherited as recessive alleles, meaning that both parents must carry the gene for the disorder in order for it to be passed on to their children. They can also be X-linked traits, which means that the gene responsible for the disorder is located on the X chromosome. Lastly, some genetic disorders may be passed more frequently from mothers to sons due to the inheritance patterns of certain genes. Therefore, all of these options are possible explanations for the occurrence of genetic disorders.

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  • 6. 

    Evolution is a major biological concept because

    • It unites all of biology

    • Living things change over time

    • It is an explanation for the presence of millions of species on earth

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    Evolution is a major biological concept because it unites all of biology. It is the fundamental process that explains how living things change over time, leading to the presence of millions of species on Earth. By understanding evolution, we can comprehend the diversity of life, the relationships between different organisms, and how they have adapted to their environments. Therefore, all of the given statements are correct, emphasizing the significance of evolution in the field of biology.

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  • 7. 

    Cell membranes are dynamic because

    • Phospholipids are continuously replaced

    • They regulate the changing cellular composition

    • They change shape

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    Cell membranes are dynamic because they undergo continuous changes in shape, regulate the changing cellular composition, and have phospholipids that are continuously replaced. The phospholipids in the cell membrane are constantly being replaced, allowing for the membrane to maintain its integrity and function properly. Additionally, cell membranes have the ability to change shape, allowing for processes such as endocytosis and exocytosis. Moreover, cell membranes play a crucial role in regulating the composition of the cell by controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to the dynamic nature of cell membranes.

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  • 8. 

    Which is true of ribosomes

    • Consists of large and small subunits

    • Consists of rRNA and proteins

    • Site of protein synthesis

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. They consist of large and small subunits, which come together to form a functional ribosome. These subunits are made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and proteins. Therefore, all the given statements are true of ribosomes.

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  • 9. 

    A primary function of protein is

    • Enzymes

    • Structure

    • Energy

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    Proteins serve various functions in the body, including acting as enzymes, providing structural support, and contributing to energy production. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions, allowing them to occur at a faster rate. Proteins also play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and integrity of cells, tissues, and organs. Additionally, proteins can be broken down to release energy when needed. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of these" as proteins perform all these functions in the body.

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  • 10. 

    Which is true for movement of most polar substances such as charged ions (Na+, K+, Cl-) across cell membranes?

    • Occurs by diffusion

    • Often involves movement against gradient

    • Involves carrier proteins

    • Both b & c

    Correct Answer
    A. Both b & c
    Explanation
    The movement of most polar substances such as charged ions across cell membranes often involves movement against the concentration gradient and requires carrier proteins. This is because polar substances cannot easily pass through the hydrophobic lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. Therefore, they require carrier proteins to facilitate their transport across the membrane, and this transport often occurs against the concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

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  • 11. 

    Lymphomas and leukemias affect which type of cells

    • Skin

    • Blood

    • Endocrine

    • Muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Blood
    Explanation
    Lymphomas and leukemias are types of cancers that affect the blood cells. Lymphomas specifically target the lymphatic system, which is a part of the immune system, while leukemias affect the bone marrow and result in abnormal production of white blood cells. Both lymphomas and leukemias primarily involve the blood cells and can have significant impacts on the overall functioning of the blood and immune system. Therefore, the correct answer is blood.

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  • 12. 

    The building blocks of proteins are

    • Nucleic acids

    • Peptide bonds

    • Amino acids

    • Polysaccharides

    Correct Answer
    A. Amino acids
    Explanation
    Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are organic compounds that contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). They are linked together by peptide bonds, forming polypeptide chains. Nucleic acids, on the other hand, are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information, while polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates. Therefore, amino acids are the correct answer as they are specifically associated with protein synthesis.

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  • 13. 

    One of the major direct benefits of mutations for a population is:

    • Reduced ability to reproduce

    • Introduction of new genetic material

    • Weeding out the less fit

    • Smaller populations

    Correct Answer
    A. Introduction of new genetic material
    Explanation
    Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can introduce new genetic material into a population. This new genetic material can lead to the development of new traits or variations, which can be beneficial for the population's survival and adaptation to changing environments. Therefore, the introduction of new genetic material through mutations is a major direct benefit for a population.

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  • 14. 

    Which is an example of a chromosomal mutation

    • Replacement of the sequence UGU with UGC

    • Substitution of a single base in DNA

    • A segment of DNA is lost

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    All of the given options are examples of chromosomal mutations. The replacement of the sequence UGU with UGC is a substitution mutation, where one nucleotide is replaced by another. Substitution of a single base in DNA is also a type of substitution mutation. A segment of DNA being lost is a deletion mutation, where a portion of the DNA sequence is lost. Therefore, all of these options demonstrate different types of chromosomal mutations.

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  • 15. 

    Cancer may be caused by ________.

    • Carcinogens

    • Viruses

    • Substances found in food

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    All of these options can cause cancer. Carcinogens are substances that can directly damage DNA and lead to the development of cancer. Viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B and C, can also cause certain types of cancer by infecting cells and disrupting their normal functions. Additionally, certain substances found in food, such as aflatoxins and nitrites, have been linked to an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, all three options can contribute to the development of cancer.

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  • 16. 

    Metabolic pathways in living things are efficient in terms of

    • Fuels or food sources are converted to many short lived metabolic intermediates

    • Most metabolic pathways involve many different enzymes

    • The products of one reaction usually feed into the next enzymatic reaction

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    Metabolic pathways in living things are efficient because they involve the conversion of fuels or food sources into many short-lived metabolic intermediates. This allows for the efficient breakdown of complex molecules into simpler compounds that can be utilized by the organism. Additionally, most metabolic pathways involve many different enzymes, each catalyzing a specific step in the pathway. This allows for precise control and regulation of the metabolic processes. Furthermore, the products of one reaction usually feed into the next enzymatic reaction, ensuring a continuous flow of reactions and maximizing the efficiency of the pathway. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to the overall efficiency of metabolic pathways.

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  • 17. 

    Which of the following is NOT a difference between RNA and DNA

    • DNA is a double strand of nucleotides, but RNA a single strand

    • RNA has five bases, but DNA only four

    • DNA contains a deoxyribose sugar, but RNA contains ribose sugar

    • RNA contains uracil and DNA Thymine

    Correct Answer
    A. RNA has five bases, but DNA only four
    Explanation
    The given answer is correct because RNA has four bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil) while DNA has four bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine). Therefore, RNA has five bases, including uracil, which is not found in DNA.

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  • 18. 

    Which of the following most directly transfers information from a chain of nucleotides to a chain of amino acids. 

    • MRNA

    • DNA

    • TRNA

    • RRNA

    Correct Answer
    A. TRNA
    Explanation
    tRNA (transfer RNA) directly transfers information from a chain of nucleotides to a chain of amino acids during protein synthesis. It carries amino acids to the ribosome, where the genetic information stored in mRNA (messenger RNA) is used to assemble the correct sequence of amino acids. This process, known as translation, is essential for the synthesis of proteins in cells. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic information, but it is transcribed into mRNA before being translated into amino acids by tRNA. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of the ribosome, where protein synthesis occurs, but it does not directly transfer information from nucleotides to amino acids.

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  • 19. 

    Which is true of starch, glycogen and cellulose

    • They are polysaccharides

    • They consist of repeating glucose molecules

    • They are synthesized in plants and animals

    • All are true

    Correct Answer
    A. All are true
    Explanation
    Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all polysaccharides, meaning they are composed of multiple sugar molecules bonded together. Additionally, they consist of repeating glucose molecules, which are linked in different ways in each of these compounds. Lastly, starch and glycogen are synthesized in plants and animals respectively, while cellulose is synthesized in plants. Therefore, all of the statements provided are true.

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  • 20. 

    Most biological fluids and aquatic environments have a pH between

    • 1-2

    • 3-4

    • 6-8

    • 10-12

    Correct Answer
    A. 6-8
    Explanation
    Biological fluids and aquatic environments typically have a pH between 6-8. This pH range is considered neutral to slightly basic, which is essential for maintaining the proper functioning of biological systems. A pH value outside this range can be harmful to living organisms as it can disrupt enzymatic activity, affect cellular processes, and even lead to death. Therefore, it is crucial for these fluids and environments to maintain a pH within the 6-8 range to support life and ensure optimal conditions for biological processes.

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  • 21. 

    Which is true of mutations

    • Often expressed as abnormal proteins

    • Some do not change the sequence of amino acids coded for by the mutated gene

    • Are usually harmful to the organism

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. All of these
    Explanation
    Mutations can often result in the production of abnormal proteins, which can lead to various disorders or diseases. However, not all mutations necessarily change the sequence of amino acids coded for by the mutated gene. Some mutations can occur in non-coding regions of the gene or can be silent mutations that do not affect the resulting protein. Additionally, while some mutations can be harmful and have negative effects on the organism, not all mutations are necessarily detrimental. Some mutations can be neutral or even beneficial, providing advantages in certain environments or contributing to genetic diversity. Therefore, all of the given statements are true about mutations.

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  • 22. 

    Fatty acids are subunits found in many types of 

    • Starches

    • Proteins

    • RNA

    • Lipids

    Correct Answer
    A. Lipids
    Explanation
    Fatty acids are subunits found in lipids. Lipids are a diverse group of molecules that include fats, oils, waxes, and certain components of cell membranes. Fatty acids are the building blocks of lipids, and they play important roles in energy storage, insulation, and cell signaling. Therefore, the correct answer is lipids.

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  • 23. 

    The central dogma of molecular biology states that ______ is transcribed into ______ which is translated into _______.

    • Genes/polypeptides/gene product

    • Protein/DNA/RNA

    • DNA/mRNA/tRNA

    • DNA/RNA/protein

    Correct Answer
    A. DNA/RNA/protein
    Explanation
    The central dogma of molecular biology states that genetic information stored in DNA is transcribed into RNA through the process of transcription, and then this RNA is translated into protein through the process of translation. This is a fundamental principle in biology that explains the flow of genetic information and the synthesis of proteins in living organisms.

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  • 24. 

    Which best applies to stem cells

    • They are a large number of stem cell lines available for research

    • They have the potential to develop into any number of cell types

    • They can cure most diseases

    • Stem cells of adults are more potent than those of embryos

    Correct Answer
    A. They have the potential to develop into any number of cell types
    Explanation
    Stem cells have the potential to develop into any number of cell types. This means that they are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specialized cells such as muscle cells, nerve cells, or blood cells. This ability makes stem cells valuable in regenerative medicine and research, as they can potentially be used to replace or repair damaged or diseased tissues and organs. Stem cells are not a cure for all diseases, and their potential varies depending on the source of the stem cells, but their ability to differentiate into different cell types is a fundamental characteristic of stem cells.

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  • 25. 

    A sequence of three RNA nucleotides can function as a 

    • Gene

    • Codon

    • Anticodon

    • Both b & c

    Correct Answer
    A. Both b & c
    Explanation
    A sequence of three RNA nucleotides can function as a codon, which is a specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for a particular amino acid in protein synthesis. Additionally, this sequence can also function as an anticodon, which is found on transfer RNA (tRNA) and pairs with the complementary codon on messenger RNA (mRNA) during translation. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both b & c" as a sequence of three RNA nucleotides can serve as both a codon and an anticodon.

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  • 26. 

    All nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate and a

    • Base

    • Ammonia

    • Hydroxyl groups

    • RNA or DNA

    Correct Answer
    A. Base
    Explanation
    All nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. The base is a nitrogenous molecule that is responsible for the genetic information in DNA and RNA. It pairs with another complementary base to form the rungs of the DNA double helix or to create the sequence of RNA. The base can be adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G) in DNA, or adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), guanine (G) in RNA.

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  • 27. 

    The organelle that stores, modifies and packages proteins

    • Golgi apparatus

    • Nucleus

    • Mitochondria

    • Ribosomes

    Correct Answer
    A. Golgi apparatus
    Explanation
    The Golgi apparatus is responsible for storing, modifying, and packaging proteins. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and processes them by adding sugar molecules or other modifications. It then packages the proteins into vesicles and transports them to their final destination within the cell or outside of the cell. The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in protein trafficking and secretion, making it the correct answer in this case.

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  • 28. 

    Which transfers information from the NUCLEUS of a cell to the CYTOPLASM

    • TRNA

    • DNA

    • MRNA

    • RRNA

    Correct Answer
    A. MRNA
    Explanation
    mRNA, or messenger RNA, transfers information from the nucleus of a cell to the cytoplasm. This process is known as transcription, where DNA is used as a template to create mRNA molecules. mRNA carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it is used as a template for protein synthesis. This allows the genetic information stored in the nucleus to be translated into functional proteins in the cytoplasm.

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  • 29. 

    Many of the important thermal properties of water that are important for sustaining life result from

    • Cohesion

    • Ionization

    • Nonpolar structure

    • Hydrogen Bonds

    Correct Answer
    A. Hydrogen Bonds
    Explanation
    Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the important thermal properties of water that are crucial for sustaining life. These bonds occur between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule. They are relatively weak individually but collectively, they create a network of intermolecular forces that give water its unique properties. Hydrogen bonds allow water to have a high boiling point, high specific heat capacity, and high heat of vaporization. These properties enable water to regulate temperature, transport nutrients, and provide a stable environment for biological processes.

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  • 30. 

    If a segment of DNA with the base sequence CTAGC was used as a template for RNA synthesis, the sequence of the bases in RNA would be

    • GATCG

    • GAUCG

    • GTAGC

    • None of these

    Correct Answer
    A. GAUCG
    Explanation
    The question asks for the sequence of bases in RNA if a segment of DNA with the base sequence CTAGC is used as a template for RNA synthesis. In RNA, the base thymine (T) is replaced by uracil (U). Therefore, the RNA sequence would be GAUCG, which is the correct answer.

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  • 31. 

    On a percentage basis, organisms consist of about ____% water

    • 70

    • 60

    • 50

    • 90

    Correct Answer
    A. 70
    Explanation
    Organisms consist of about 70% water because water is an essential component of living organisms. It plays a vital role in various biological processes such as transportation of nutrients, removal of waste, and regulation of body temperature. Water is also a major constituent of cells and helps maintain their structure and function. Therefore, the high percentage of water in organisms is necessary for their survival and overall functioning.

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  • 32. 

    An important function of the __________ is maintaining cell shape and providing an anchor for organelles

    • Cytoplasm

    • Cytoskeleton

    • Endoplasmic Reticullum

    • Nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. Cytoskeleton
    Explanation
    The cytoskeleton is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell and providing a structural framework. It consists of protein filaments that form a network throughout the cytoplasm, giving the cell its shape and providing support. Additionally, the cytoskeleton acts as an anchor for organelles, helping to position them within the cell. Therefore, the cytoskeleton performs the important function of maintaining cell shape and providing an anchor for organelles.

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  • 33. 

    The organelles involved in synthesizing proteins are

    • Lysosomes

    • Vesicles

    • Ribosomes

    • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

    Correct Answer
    A. Ribosomes
    Explanation
    Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for synthesizing proteins. They are small, spherical structures found either free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes read the genetic information in mRNA and use it to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which then folds into a functional protein. Lysosomes, vesicles, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are involved in other cellular processes such as digestion, transport, and lipid metabolism, respectively. Therefore, ribosomes are the correct answer for the organelles involved in protein synthesis.

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  • 34. 

    The ability of the cell membrane to allow some substances to pass freely while inhibiting passage of others is largely due to the ___________ of membranes

    • Cilia

    • Cholesterol

    • The lipid bilayer

    • Carrier proteins

    Correct Answer
    A. The lipid bilayer
    Explanation
    The ability of the cell membrane to selectively allow certain substances to pass through while blocking others is primarily due to the structure of the lipid bilayer. The lipid bilayer is composed of two layers of phospholipids, with their hydrophilic heads facing outward and their hydrophobic tails facing inward. This arrangement creates a barrier that prevents the passage of hydrophilic molecules, while allowing hydrophobic molecules to pass through. Additionally, the lipid bilayer can also contain proteins, such as carrier proteins, which further regulate the transport of specific substances across the membrane.

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  • 35. 

    Which transfers information from the nucleus of a cell to the cytoplasm

    • MRNA

    • DNA

    • TRNA

    • RRNA

    Correct Answer
    A. MRNA
    Explanation
    mRNA, or messenger RNA, is responsible for transferring genetic information from the nucleus of a cell to the cytoplasm. It carries the instructions encoded in DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs. mRNA is transcribed from DNA during the process of transcription and acts as a template for protein synthesis during translation. This allows the genetic information stored in the nucleus to be translated into proteins in the cytoplasm, which are essential for various cellular processes.

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  • 36. 

    Energy enters the Krebs Cycle stored in the form of

    • Glucose

    • NADH & FADH2

    • Acetyl CoA

    • ADP

    Correct Answer
    A. Acetyl CoA
    Explanation
    In the Krebs Cycle, energy enters in the form of Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is a molecule derived from the breakdown of glucose during glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvate. It acts as a fuel for the Krebs Cycle, where it undergoes a series of chemical reactions that release high-energy electrons and produce NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers then go on to participate in the electron transport chain, where they generate ATP, the main energy currency of the cell. Therefore, Acetyl CoA is the correct answer as it is the initial molecule that carries energy into the Krebs Cycle.

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  • 37. 

    An example of a transport process that requires energy is 

    • Diffusion

    • Facilitated diffusion

    • Active transport

    • Both b & c

    Correct Answer
    A. Both b & c
    Explanation
    Both facilitated diffusion and active transport require energy because they involve the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion uses carrier proteins to transport molecules across the cell membrane, while active transport uses ATP to pump molecules across the membrane. In both cases, energy is required to move molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

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  • 38. 

    The energy currency of cells and the form of energy that can be used by cells of living things to do work is

    • Glucose

    • Electrons

    • Enzymes

    • ATP

    Correct Answer
    A. ATP
    Explanation
    ATP is the energy currency of cells and the form of energy that can be used by cells of living things to do work. It is a molecule that stores and releases energy in cells, allowing them to carry out various cellular processes. Glucose is a source of energy, but it needs to be converted into ATP through cellular respiration before it can be used by cells. Electrons and enzymes are important for various cellular processes, but they are not the primary energy currency of cells.

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  • 39. 

    Which true of a pea plant that has the genetic makeup designated as PpYyTt?

    • Heterozygous for all traits shown

    • Homozygous for all traits shown

    • Its genotype would show all dominant traits

    • There is a 33% chance its phenotype would show at least one recessive trait

    Correct Answer
    A. Heterozygous for all traits shown
    Explanation
    The genetic makeup designated as PpYyTt indicates that the pea plant has two different alleles for each trait (heterozygous). Since the question states "for all traits shown," it implies that the plant has multiple traits. Therefore, the correct answer is that the plant is heterozygous for all traits shown.

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  • 40. 

    In crossing a homozygous recessive for a single trait with a heterozygote, what is the chance of getting an offspring with the recessive phenotype?

    • 50%

    • 25%

    • 0%

    • 100%

    Correct Answer
    A. 50%
    Explanation
    When crossing a homozygous recessive individual with a heterozygous individual, the offspring have a 50% chance of inheriting the recessive phenotype. This is because the heterozygous individual carries one dominant allele and one recessive allele, and when crossed with a homozygous recessive individual, there is a 50% chance that the offspring will inherit the recessive allele and display the recessive phenotype.

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  • 41. 

    If a codon were read two bases at a time instead of three bases at a time, how many different possible amino acids could be specified?

    • 16

    • 4

    • 2

    • 64

    Correct Answer
    A. 16
    Explanation
    If a codon were read two bases at a time instead of three bases at a time, there would be a total of 16 different possible combinations. This is because each base can have 4 different options (A, T, G, C), and if two bases are read together, there would be 4 possibilities for each base, resulting in 4x4=16 possible combinations. Each combination would correspond to a different amino acid, so there would be 16 different possible amino acids that could be specified in this scenario.

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  • 42. 

    Three codons that do not specify a match with any anticodons are

    • Stop codons

    • Antebellum codons

    • Start codons

    • Restriction codons

    Correct Answer
    A. Stop codons
    Explanation
    Stop codons are a group of three nucleotide sequences (UAA, UAG, and UGA) that do not have corresponding anticodons. They signal the termination of protein synthesis during translation. When a stop codon is encountered by the ribosome, it signals the release of the newly synthesized protein and the termination of translation. This is why stop codons do not have any matching anticodons, as they are not involved in the incorporation of amino acids into the growing polypeptide chain.

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  • 43. 

    A codon with the sequence GAU would be recognized by the anticodon

    • GCA

    • CTA

    • CUA

    • CAT

    Correct Answer
    A. CUA
    Explanation
    The given codon sequence is GAU. In RNA, the complementary anticodon sequence for GAU would be CUA. The anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides found on transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. It pairs with the codon on messenger RNA (mRNA) during protein synthesis. In this case, the anticodon CUA would pair with the codon GAU, indicating the specific amino acid to be incorporated into the growing protein chain.

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  • 44. 

    About 85% of all human tumors are

    • Sarcomas

    • Carcinomas

    • Leukemia

    • Lymphoma

    Correct Answer
    A. Carcinomas
    Explanation
    Carcinomas are the correct answer because they account for about 85% of all human tumors. Carcinomas are a type of cancer that starts in the epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. They can occur in various organs such as the lungs, breast, colon, and skin. Carcinomas are typically characterized by the formation of solid tumors and can metastasize to other parts of the body. This high prevalence of carcinomas among human tumors makes them the most common type of cancer.

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  • 45. 

    A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is

    • The presence of DNA

    • The presence of a membrane bound nucleus

    • The presence of RNA

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. The presence of a membrane bound nucleus
    Explanation
    The major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that houses their DNA. This membrane-bound nucleus in eukaryotic cells separates the genetic material from the cytoplasm, allowing for more complex cellular processes to occur. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, have their DNA floating freely in the cytoplasm. Therefore, the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus is a characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells.

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  • 46. 

    The cells of the intestinal epithelium are continually dividing, replacing dead cells lost from the surface of the intestinal lining. This occurs as a result of 

    • Mitosis

    • Meiosis

    • Interphase

    • Translation

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitosis
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Mitosis. Mitosis is the process of cell division that occurs in somatic cells, such as the cells of the intestinal epithelium. It involves the replication and division of the cell's DNA, followed by the separation of the duplicated chromosomes into two daughter cells. This process allows for the continual replacement of dead cells in the intestinal lining, ensuring the maintenance of its function.

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  • 47. 

    Which is true of mutations

    • All mutations involve whole chromosomes

    • Occur only in gametes

    • Some are visible only under certain conditions

    • Most are beneficial

    Correct Answer
    A. Some are visible only under certain conditions
    Explanation
    Mutations can occur in different forms, including changes in a single nucleotide or larger alterations in the structure of a chromosome. Therefore, not all mutations involve whole chromosomes. Additionally, mutations can occur in both somatic cells and gametes, so they are not limited to gametes only. Some mutations may only be visible under certain conditions, such as specific environmental factors or genetic backgrounds. Finally, most mutations are not beneficial and can have neutral or harmful effects on an organism.

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  • 48. 

    A sexually reproducing animal has two unlinked genes. Its genotype is HhTt. Which of the following genotypes is possible in a gamete from this organism?

    • Tt

    • HhTt

    • HT

    • Hh

    Correct Answer
    A. HT
    Explanation
    In this question, the genotype of the animal is given as HhTt. This means that the animal has two unlinked genes, one for H and one for T. The possible genotypes in a gamete are formed by separating the genes. Therefore, the possible genotypes in a gamete from this organism are HT, which represents one gene for H and one gene for T.

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  • 49. 

    Energy leaves the electron transport system in the form of

    • Electrons

    • NADH & FADH2

    • ATP

    • All of these

    Correct Answer
    A. ATP
    Explanation
    The electron transport system is a crucial part of cellular respiration, where electrons are passed along a series of proteins and molecules, ultimately generating ATP. ATP is the primary energy currency of cells, providing energy for various cellular processes. Therefore, it is correct to say that energy leaves the electron transport system in the form of ATP.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 22, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Apr 29, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Nadine317
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