Fecal Occult Blood

The fecal occult blood test is a good screening test for colon cancer because it detects small amounts of blood in the stool that may not be visible to the naked eye. This test is used to identify early signs of colon cancer, as blood in the stool can be an indication of the presence of polyps or tumors in the colon. Detecting colon cancer early through this screening test allows for timely treatment and improved outcomes for patients.

When screening for colon cancer, the stool specimen is being tested for the presence of blood. Blood in the stool can be an indication of various conditions, including colon cancer. Therefore, testing for blood in the stool is an important part of the screening process for colon cancer.

The correct answer is that the globin protein gets degraded by stomach acid and digestive enzymes, such that it cannot be detected. This explanation suggests that the ICT test, which is used to detect stomach bleeding, will test negative because the globin protein, which is a marker for bleeding, is broken down by the acidic environment of the stomach and the enzymes involved in digestion. As a result, the test is unable to detect the presence of the globin protein and, therefore, cannot indicate the presence of stomach bleeding.

The statement "Urine touching stool does not affect the test result" is incorrect. Urine touching stool can contaminate the sample and affect the accuracy of the test result. Contamination can occur due to the presence of bacteria or other substances in the stool that may interfere with the test being conducted. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the urine and stool samples are kept separate to obtain reliable and accurate test results.

The statement "BLOOD TOUCHING STOOL DOES NOT AFFECT THE TEST RESULT" is false. When blood comes into contact with stool, it can potentially contaminate the sample and interfere with the accuracy of the test result. Blood in the stool can be indicative of various medical conditions, and it is important for the test to accurately detect and analyze the presence of blood. Therefore, if blood touches the stool, it can affect the test result and potentially lead to an incorrect diagnosis or evaluation of the patient's health.

This statement suggests that positive test results should be followed up with more definitive tests such as X-ray or colonoscopy. This is important because positive test results may not always provide a clear diagnosis and further testing is necessary to confirm the findings. By conducting more definitive tests, healthcare professionals can obtain more accurate and detailed information about the patient's condition, leading to appropriate treatment and care. Therefore, the answer "TRUE" indicates that positive tests should indeed be followed with more definitive tests.

The word "occult" means hidden. It refers to something that is concealed, secret, or not easily understood or noticed. It can also be associated with mysterious or supernatural phenomena that are beyond the realm of ordinary knowledge or perception.

The statement "DATE AND TIME ARE NOT NECESSARY ON THE GUAIAC CARDS" is false. The date and time are essential on guaiac cards because they provide important information about when the test was conducted. This information is crucial for tracking the progress of a patient's condition and ensuring accurate interpretation of the test results. Without the date and time, it would be challenging to determine the timeline of events and make informed medical decisions based on the test findings.

DNA stool testing for cancer is possible in the future because advancements in technology and medical research have made it feasible. This non-invasive method involves analyzing the DNA present in a person's stool to detect genetic abnormalities associated with cancer. It has the potential to revolutionize cancer screening by providing a simple and cost-effective way to detect early-stage cancers. Additionally, DNA stool testing can be used for monitoring and surveillance of cancer patients, allowing for personalized treatment plans. With ongoing research and development, DNA stool testing for cancer is likely to become a common diagnostic tool in the future.

The correct answer is BARIUM. Barium is not a principle of testing for fecal occult blood tests. The principles of testing for fecal occult blood tests include guaiac and ICT (immunochemical tests). Barium is not used in the testing process for detecting fecal occult blood.

Fecal occult testing is a noninvasive procedure used to detect hidden blood in the stool. It involves collecting a small sample of stool and testing it for the presence of blood, which can be an indicator of various gastrointestinal conditions. In contrast, colonoscopy is an invasive procedure that involves inserting a flexible tube with a camera into the rectum and colon to examine the gastrointestinal tract. Rectal exam, also known as digital rectal examination, is a physical examination performed by a healthcare provider to assess the rectum and nearby organs for any abnormalities.

The statement "WATER TOUCHING STOOL DOES NOT AFFECT THE TEST RESULT" is false. When water comes into contact with stool during a test, it can dilute the sample and potentially affect the accuracy of the test results. It is important to ensure that the stool sample is not contaminated with water to obtain reliable test results.

Guaiac is a substance derived from the resin of certain tropical trees, mainly the guaiacum tree. It is used in medical tests to detect the presence of blood in stool samples, as it undergoes a color change in the presence of blood. Therefore, guaiac can be obtained from trees. Antibodies, on the other hand, are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an antigen, and they are not obtained from trees.

The statement is false because for a fecal occult blood test, the patient does not have to flush their entire GI system out. A fecal occult blood test is a simple test that is used to detect hidden blood in the stool, which can be an indication of various gastrointestinal conditions. The test involves collecting a small sample of stool and analyzing it for the presence of blood. It does not require the patient to flush their entire GI system.

Guaiac is the correct answer because the Guaiac fecal occult blood test requires diet restrictions. This test detects the presence of blood in the stool, and certain foods and medications can interfere with the accuracy of the test. Therefore, individuals undergoing this test are usually advised to follow a specific diet that excludes certain foods, such as red meat, raw fruits and vegetables, and certain medications, for a few days prior to the test. This helps to minimize false-positive results and ensure accurate interpretation of the test.

The statement is false because obtaining another stool sample from the same side of the stool after smearing the stool on a window of the guaiac slide does not make sense. Once the stool has been smeared on the slide, it is not necessary or logical to obtain another sample from the same side.

Guaiac is the correct answer because it is a type of fecal occult blood test that specifically detects the presence of iron (Fe) in the heme portion of hemoglobin. This test is commonly used to screen for gastrointestinal bleeding and can help diagnose conditions such as colorectal cancer. The guaiac test works by detecting the peroxidase activity of heme iron, which causes a color change when it reacts with the guaiac reagent. In contrast, the ICT (immunochemical test) detects the globin portion of hemoglobin and is not specific to iron.

During a rectal exam, a healthcare professional inserts a gloved finger into the rectum to feel for abnormalities. While performing this exam, it is possible to collect a stool sample for a guaiac test. The guaiac test is used to detect the presence of blood in the stool, which can indicate various gastrointestinal conditions such as colon cancer or bleeding ulcers. Therefore, it is feasible to collect a stool sample during a rectal exam for further diagnostic purposes.

Due to the intermittent nature of bleeding in colon cancer, it is necessary to collect three stool samples for the guaiac test. This is because the test detects the presence of blood in the stool, and collecting multiple samples increases the chances of detecting any intermittent bleeding that may occur.

Iron is naturally present in red meat. Therefore, consuming red meat can cause a false positive test for the presence of iron.

The correct answer is FALSE. The guaiac test is a type of stool test used to detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate gastrointestinal bleeding. In this test, a small sample of stool is applied to one side of a test card or slide, and a developer solution is applied to the other side. If there is blood in the stool, a blue color reaction will occur when the developer solution is applied. Therefore, the test is developed on the opposite side of the slide where the patient smeared the stool.

In the Guaiac test, the patient test is performed first. This is because the patient test is the actual test being conducted to detect the presence of blood in the stool. The control test, on the other hand, is used to ensure the accuracy and validity of the patient test. By performing the patient test first, any positive results can be immediately identified and further analyzed. The control test is then performed to verify that the test was conducted correctly and to rule out any false positives or negatives.

The ICT (Immunochromatographic Test) is a fecal test that will give a clear line as an endpoint. This means that when the test is positive for the presence of certain substances or pathogens, a visible line will appear on the test strip, indicating a positive result. The presence of a clear line makes it easier to interpret the results accurately and quickly. On the other hand, the Guaiac test does not provide a clear line as an endpoint, making it more difficult to interpret the results.

The correct answer is ICT. ICT stands for Immunochromatographic Test, which is a type of fecal occult blood test that specifically detects the globin portion of hemoglobin. This test uses specific antibodies to detect the presence of globin in the stool sample, indicating the presence of occult blood. Guaiac, on the other hand, is another type of fecal occult blood test that detects the peroxidase activity of heme in the stool sample, but it does not specifically target the globin portion of hemoglobin.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause stomach bleeding, which can lead to a false positive test result for stomach bleeding. NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and aspirin can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore, if someone has recently taken NSAIDs, it can cause a false positive result for stomach bleeding in a test.

The ICT (Immunochemical fecal occult blood test) is more specific to colon cancer compared to the guaiac test. ICT uses antibodies to specifically detect human hemoglobin, which is a marker for bleeding in the colon. This test has a higher specificity for colon cancer because it does not react to other substances that can cause false positive results, such as certain foods or medications. Guaiac test, on the other hand, detects the presence of peroxidase activity in blood, which can lead to false positive results due to the presence of certain substances in the diet or medications.

Vitamin C can cause a false negative result in certain medical tests. This is because Vitamin C has antioxidant properties that can interfere with the accuracy of certain laboratory tests, such as urine glucose tests and stool occult blood tests. In these tests, Vitamin C can mask or interfere with the detection of certain substances, leading to a false negative result. Therefore, if someone is taking Vitamin C supplements or consuming foods high in Vitamin C, it is important to inform their healthcare provider before undergoing any tests that may be affected by Vitamin C interference.

The ICT (Immunochromatographic Test) is a fecal occult blood test that mainly detects lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. This test uses antibodies to specifically detect human hemoglobin in the stool, which indicates the presence of blood. Lower GI bleeding refers to bleeding that occurs in the colon, rectum, or anus. Therefore, the ICT is the correct answer as it is specifically designed to detect blood in the lower GI tract.

Cimetidine is a medication that is commonly used to treat stomach ulcers and acid reflux. It works by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. However, one of the side effects of cimetidine is that it can cause a false positive result in a stool test due to the presence of blue pigment. This means that if a person is taking cimetidine, their stool may appear to contain blood when it actually does not. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of this potential side effect when interpreting stool test results.

Horse radish contains peroxidase enzyme, which can cause a false positive test result. Peroxidase is an enzyme that reacts with certain substances to produce a color change, which is often used in diagnostic tests. If horse radish is present during the test, it can lead to a false positive result due to the activity of the peroxidase enzyme. Therefore, horse radish is the correct answer in this case.