Mastering the Identification and Management of Eye Injuries Quiz

Subconjunctival hemorrhage is most commonly caused by a spontaneous increase in venous pressure, often due to actions like coughing, sneezing, vomiting, or straining. Allergic reactions, corneal abrasions, and bacterial infections are not typically associated with subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Closed globe injury refers to trauma to the eye that does not result in a full-thickness wound. Contusion, superficial foreign body, and lamellar laceration are common types of closed globe injury, while retinal detachment, corneal abrasion, and conjunctival hemorrhage are not typically classified as closed globe injuries.

Open globe injuries refer to a full-thickness wound of the eye wall, with various types such as laceration, penetration, perforating, and IOFB (Intraocular Foreign Body) rupture. Contusion, abrasion, avulsion, and compression are not classified as open globe injuries.

Subconjunctival hemorrhage is commonly seen in the elderly due to their fragile blood vessels in the conjunctiva, which can rupture easily with minor trauma or changes in pressure.

Subconjunctival hemorrhage is often associated with systemic conditions such as HTN, DM, bleeding disorders, and the use of anticoagulant therapy, not with allergic rhinitis, excessive screen time, or overconsumption of vitamin C.

Globe rupture is primarily caused by blunt or penetrating injuries as outlined in the correct answer. Other listed etiologies like infectious causes, genetic predisposition, or age-related degeneration are not associated with globe rupture.

A globe rupture typically occurs at the thinnest point of the sclera, limbus, or insertion of the intraocular muscles due to trauma or injury.

Zone 1 injury specifically refers to injuries involving the cornea or limbus, which are located in the front of the eye. Injuries to the retina, sclera, or optic nerve would not fall under Zone 1.

A zone 2 injury refers to an injury involving the anterior 5 mm of the sclera, which is the white part of the eye. It is important to differentiate between different zones of injury in order to properly diagnose and treat eye injuries.

A zone 3 injury is specifically located 5 mm posterior to the limbus, which is an important anatomical reference point in the eye.

Seidel sign is a clinical test used in ophthalmology to detect the presence of aqueous humor leakage from the anterior chamber of the eye, which can indicate a penetrating globe injury. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately describe Seidel sign.

Seidel sign is specifically used to test for penetrating globe injuries by observing the dye wash away if the globe is ruptured.

Marcus Gunn pupils are abnormal pupillary reflexes found in patients with a ruptured globe, resulting in an afferent defect. The other incorrect answers do not specifically cause Marcus Gunn pupils.

A teardrop pupil is typically a sign of globe rupture, which involves a break in the integrity of the eye wall. This injury is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate attention to prevent potential vision loss or damage.

Hyphema is the correct term for blood in the anterior chamber of the eye. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, hypoxia is the condition of not having enough oxygen, and hypoglycemia is low blood sugar - none of these terms specifically relate to blood in the eye chamber.

A Vossius Ring is a ring-shaped scar or marking on the lens of the eye, typically caused by trauma or injury.

A Vossius Ring is a specific term used in ophthalmology to describe pigmentation left on the lens after trauma.

Clinical features of Lens injury include specific ocular findings related to the lens and surrounding structures.

The correct answer involves a specific mechanism of injury due to trauma leading to the formation of a rosette-shaped cataract on the posterior cortex, unlike the incorrect options which do not accurately describe the mechanism of traumatic cataract formation.

Dislocation or subluxation of the lens is typically caused by trauma or specific health conditions affecting the zonular ligaments. Natural aging, vitamin C intake, or lack of sleep are not known causes of lens dislocation or subluxation.

Subconjunctival hemorrhage is a self-resolving condition where the blood is absorbed over time. Surgical intervention is not needed unless there are traumatic hemorrhages with potential retinal trauma. Applying pressure or prescribing antibiotics are not recommended treatments for this condition.

Subconjunctival hemorrhage is characterized by a focal and flat area of bleed between the sclera and conjunctiva, giving the appearance of a blood red eye with clear distinction of where the blood stops. It does not cause pain, loss of vision, or itching.

Conjunctival injury is often caused by a penetrating injury to the ocular surface, while chemical exposure, allergic reactions, and bacterial infections are less common causes.

Conjunctival abrasion is characterized by a disruption in the epithelial surface of the conjunctiva, which may lead to symptoms such as redness, swelling, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light, making it important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Fluorescein staining is the most common method for examining a conjunctival abrasion because it helps to visualize the area of disruption more clearly.

Conjunctival laceration is characterized by a full-thickness defect to the conjunctiva, associated with other conjunctival injuries such as subconjunctival hemorrhage and chemosis. The condition typically presents with swelling, rather than redness and itching, blurred vision, or increased tear production and eye discharge.

Chemosis is specifically related to conjunctival irritation and serous fluid collection, not corneal abrasion, retinal detachment, or cataracts.

Clinical features of conjunctival foreign body typically involve sensation of a foreign object in the eye, tearing, and sensitivity to light. The foreign body is usually located in the sulcus subtarsalis or fornix of the conjunctiva.

When testing for conjunctival/corneal injuries, it is important to follow the correct procedure involving numbing the area, conducting a slit lamp examination, and using fluorescein dye to look for uptake at the area of injury. Using cotton swabs, performing a visual acuity test, or taking an x-ray are not appropriate methods for testing these types of injuries.