Epidemias E História: Teste Seus Conhecimentos!

Explanation
The given correct answer is "Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS)". The passage mentions that this disease emerged in the late 20th century and has been responsible for the death of approximately 25 million people since 1980. It also states that AIDS is a disease without a cure and can be transmitted through blood, unprotected sexual intercourse, etc. This information aligns with the characteristics and impact of AIDS, making it the correct answer.

Explanation
The correct answer is VARÍOLA. The passage states that this disease was brought to the American continent by European colonizers and estimates suggest that it was responsible for killing between 5 and 10 million indigenous people during the colonization process in the 16th century. This information aligns with the historical context of smallpox being a major epidemic that devastated indigenous populations during European colonization.

Explanation
The given passage describes a devastating epidemic that occurred in the early 20th century and caused millions of deaths. It also mentions that the causes and effects of this epidemic are directly related to another historical event, the First World War. Based on this information, the correct answer is the "Gripe Espanhola" or Spanish Flu. This flu pandemic, which occurred between 1918 and 1919, infected around one-third of the world's population and caused an estimated 50 million deaths worldwide. Its spread was facilitated by the movement of troops during the war, overcrowded conditions, and poor medical infrastructure.

Explanation
The correct answer is POLIOMIELITE because the given statement mentions that scientists suspect this epidemic has been affecting humanity for centuries and can paralyze and even kill children. Poliomyelitis, also known as polio, is a viral disease that mainly affects children and can cause paralysis or even death. This aligns with the information provided in the statement, making it the most appropriate answer.

Explanation
The given statement mentions that in the 19th century, the Asian, European, and African continents experienced six waves of this epidemic, which becomes even more dangerous when basic sanitation structures are precarious. The options given are Tuberculosis, Spanish Flu, Cholera, and Malaria. The correct answer is Cholera, as it is a waterborne disease that spreads rapidly in areas with poor sanitation. Cholera outbreaks have occurred throughout history, including in the 19th century, making it a fitting answer based on the information provided.

Explanation
The correct answer is "FEBRE AMARELA" (YELLOW FEVER). Yellow fever is a disease that is related to the enslavement routes of Africans by Europeans. It spread throughout America and Europe. It is believed to have scared the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte in the 19th century, as he lost thousands of soldiers from his army during a campaign in North America due to the disease. Yellow fever is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause symptoms such as fever, jaundice, and organ failure.

Explanation
The given passage mentions that in the 14th century in Europe, one in every three people died as a result of this epidemic, which also affected India and China. It further states that the poor hygiene conditions, especially in cities, contributed to its rapid spread through rats. Based on this information, the correct answer is "Peste Negra" (Black Death), as it was a devastating epidemic that occurred during the 14th century in Europe and caused widespread death and suffering.

Explanation
Malaria is an ancient disease that has been documented to have appeared thousands of years ago. It is transmitted by mosquitoes and continues to affect millions of people, especially in Africa. This explanation provides the necessary context for understanding why malaria is the correct answer in relation to the given information.

Explanation
Tuberculose, também conhecida como Peste Branca, é uma doença transmitida pelo ar através de uma bactéria que geralmente se instala nos pulmões. Essa doença é antiga e já foi encontrada até mesmo em múmias do Egito Antigo.

Explanation
Tifo epidêmico é uma doença que assolou a humanidade por séculos, especialmente durante a Guerra dos Trinta Anos na Europa. A doença é transmitida pela infestação de piolhos e pode afetar a circulação sanguínea, causar febres, delírios, coma e insuficiência cardíaca. Portanto, o tifo epidêmico é a resposta correta para a pergunta.