Eex 3601 Applied Behavior

One important task of a behaviorist teacher is to describe their students’ behaviors in observable and ___________________ terms.

Deprivation and satiation are two kinds of ____________  events that temporarily change the value of reinforcers

_______________________________ consent is based upon a full understanding of the planned behavior change program.  Parents and advocates must demonstrate they comprehend all aspects of the program, including any risk.  If necessary, information must be provided in the native language of those involved. 

One way for teachers to facilitate the ethical use of ABA procedures is to involve other people-especially parents and students--in assessing the significance of the target behavior, the appropriateness of the procedures, and the importance of the results of any behavioral intervention.  This process is called:  ___________   _________________.

Consider the following two objectives: Given a worksheet with 20 division problems with two-digit dividends and single-digit divisors, Lauren will write the correct answer in the appropriate place on the radical with 90% accuracy for 4 consecutive days. Given a worksheet with 20 division problems with two-digit dividends and single-digit divisors, Lauren will write the correct answer in the appropriate place on the radical (within 20 minutes) with 90% accuracy for 4 consecutive days. By adding a time limit (within 20 minutes), the teacher is moving from acquisition to  increasing the ___________________ of Lauren's performance.

___________________ is the ability to perform a behavior or response over time without any reteaching.                                                                                 

The statement, 'point to the correct answer,' is an example of  this component of a behavioral objective. This component is called the: ______ __________. 

After a student has reached the acquisition level stated in a behavioral objective, teachers should be concerned with the next level in the hierarchy of response competence.  This level  refers to the appropriateness of the rate at which a student is accurately performing the newly acquired response.  This level of the response competence hierarchy is called ___________.

_________________ refers to the ability to perform-and adapt, if necessary-the behavior under conditions different from those in place during acquisition. 

Conditions are ______________ stimuli related to the target behavior.

The ________  interval recording method should be used when a teacher's goal is to increase behavior because this method slightly under-estimates the actual occurrence of behavior.

Two students observed Dr. Menchetti to find out whether he was looking at them when he lectured. They used 15 second intervals to record occurrences (O) and nonoccurrence (X) of looking. The first ten intervals were scored:    Student 1: O O O O X O O X O O  Student 2: O O O O O O O X O O   The percentage of interobserver agreement for this method of recording "looking" behavior is exactly ____ percent.

A student answers 19 questions correctly on a 20 question quiz.  The percentage of correct responses is exactly ___ percent.

In order to check the accuracy of their behavioral definition of "appropriate letter formation," a teacher and her FSU practicum student independently scored the writing papers of a first grade student. The scores for the two observers are presented below.    Paper:  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Observer 1: 30 40 60 30 40 70 90 80 90 90 90 80 90  90 90   Observer 2: 40 40 60 30 50 80 80 70 90 90 90 80 90 80 90 The percent of interobserver agreement for these two observers is exactlty ____ percent.

You decide to use a partial interval recording system to record  Dr. Menchetti's "talking" behavior during  a five minute segment of his lectures. You use 10 second intervals to record occurrences (O) and nonoccurrence (X) of talking.  Intervals for the five minute segment were scored: Minute 1: O O O O X O  Minute 2: O O O O O O Minute 3: X  O O O O O Minute 4: O  O O O O X Minute 5: O O O O O O The percentage of talking behavior exhibited by Dr.  Menchetti was exactly ____ percent

The partial interval recording method slightly  ______-estimates the actual occurrence of behavior.  

__________ is a measurement of how long a student engages in a behavior.

The behavior to be changed in single-subject research is the _________ variable

The treatment or intervention procedure that will be used to change a behavior in single-subject research is the ­­_________________variable.  

Reducing inappropriate behavior by denying the student access, for a fixed period of time, to the opportunity to receive reinforcement is known as  ________ - ______.      

This technique places the contingencies for reinforcement into a written document.  The one word name for this technique is

______ reinforcers are a category of secondary reinforcers that include facial expressions, proximity, physical contact, words, and phrases.

Secondary reinforcers, or  "learned" reinforcers,  are also know as ________________________  reinforcers.

___________ reinforcers (such as food) may have biological importance to an individual; such reinforcers are innately motivating

A supposedly "unpleasant" event (e.g., teacher reprimand)  that is presented quickly after a response and increases the probability of the response is functioning as a ________________    _______________.  (Hint:  This a two-word answer.)

    Mr. Jackson targeted Rob's out‑of‑seat behavior for a behavior change program. He counted 20 occurrences during a reading period. To verify his data, he asked his student teacher to record at the same time. The student teacher recorded 18 occurrences. These data are in sufficient agreement for a behavior change program to begin.

• True

• False

All the required components are included in this behavioral objective: Joe will write in cursive handwriting, 20 fourth grade spelling words from dictation  by the resource teacher, with no more than two errors for 3 consecutive weeks.

• True

• False

The effective application of behavioral interventions often reduces the need for more drastic procedures such as psychosurgery, drug therapy, and electroconvulsive shock.

• True

• False

An operational definition may contain a long list of specific behaviors considered to represent the broader behavior in question (e.g., on-task)

• True

• False

When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced, its rate of occurrence decreases.  This procedure is called:            

• Extinction

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive punishment

• Positive reinforcement

Save      During the same two (2) hour observation session, Observer A records 35 occurrences of a behavior and Observer B records 28 occurrences of the behavior. What is their percentage of interobserver agreement for the entire session (rounded to the nearest whole number)?

• 80%

• 125%

• 44%

• 55%

The amount of time Tony remains on task has consistently decreased over the last three days. At this point, it would be appropriate for his teacher to initiate an intervention to increase his time on task.

• True

• False

Data collection and ongoing evaluation of the effects of ABA programs on student behavior are important parts of the teacher’s ethical responsibilities

• True

• False

In order to better understand Gina's behavior, her teacher wrote down: (a) the antecedent stimuli Gina came into contact during the observation; (b) the specific responses Gina made to those stimuli; and (c) the consequences she experienced as a result of each of her responses.  What data collection procedure did this teacher use?

• Anecdotal report

• Duration recording

• Permanent product

• Event recording

Mick's homework in both math and social studies was so poor that his teacher, Mr. King, decided to intervene. First, Mr. King collected baseline on Mick's math and social studies homework.    At the beginning of day six, Mr. King told Mick that he could have 15 minutes of free-time on each day that his math homework was 90 percent correct or better. (At this point in time, there was no change in conditions for social studies homework)   At the beginning of day 11, Mr. King announced to Mick that he could only have his15 minutes of free-time on any day that his social studies homework was also 90 percent or better. The data for percent correct on homework assignments are reported below:                     Day:  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9   10  11   12  13  14  15 % CR Math  30  40 60 30 40 70 90 80  90  90  90  80  90  90  90 %CR Soc. Stud. 50  40 60 30 50 20 60 50  40  20  90  70  90  80  90 The level and trend of the percent correct on both Mick's math and social studies increased as a result of  Mr. King's intervention.

• True

• False

The factor that differentiates between seclusionary and nonseclusionary time-out procedures is removal from the instructional setting to a separate room.

• True

• False

Behaviorists say the goal of applied behavior analysis is to increase a student's ability to make choices and exercise options.

• True

• False

A teacher measured Jane's out‑of‑seat behavior during reading, music, and math periods. The appropriate design for use in this instance would be the:  

• Multiple baseline design

• Alternating treatments design

• Reversal design

• Changing criterion design

An FSU practicum student suggested observing Nicola continuously for five minutes, dividing the observational time into 30 intervals, and recording whether Nico was working anytime during each 10 second interval.  This practicum student was suggesting:

• Partial interval recording

• Duration recording

• Momentary time sampling

• Whole interval recording

Three data points at zero level of performance is sufficient for a stable baseline.

• True

• False

Which dimension of behavior is illustrated by the following statement: Harold writes all the 4 s backward on his math paper.

• Duration

• Topography

• Rate

• Force

This dimension of behavior refers to the length of time from the start to the finish of a response.

• Intensity

• Duration

• Latency

• Rate or percentage

Applied behavior analysis does not lend itself easily to accountability.

• True

• False

This design does NOT adequately rule out confounding variables which may be causing behavior to change.  Consequently, teachers cannot confidently state that their intervention was the primary cause of behavior change.

• The AB design

• The ABAB reversal design

• The multiple baseline across behavior design

• The multiple baseline across settings design

In Pavlovian terminology, a stimulus such as food which elicits a response without preliminary training is called

• Primary stimulus

• Secondary stimulus

• Conditioned stimulus

• Discriminative stimulus

Knowing that a student is developmentally disabled because of a chromosomal disorder tells a teacher everything about how to arrange classroom conditions to promote learning for that student.

• True

• False

In the operant conditioning model, a stimulus which precedes a behavior is called:

• A punisher

• A reinforcer

• An antecedent

• A consequence

A behavioral objective has four components.  These are:           

• Target behavior, area, criteria, instructor

• Learner, target behavior, conditions, criteria

• Pinpoint, conditions, practicum supervisor, learner

• Criteria, target behavior, learner, instructor