Digital Media Production Final Exam

Audio distortion is created when the input signal is greater than the output signal. This means that when the signal being fed into a device or system is too strong or overpowering compared to the signal being produced or sent out, it can result in distortion. This distortion can manifest as unwanted noise, clipping, or other forms of audio degradation. It is important to properly balance and control the input and output levels to prevent audio distortion and maintain a clean and clear sound.

The purpose of the Fill Light in a basic three point lighting set up is to fill in the unappealing shadows created by the key light. The key light is the main light source that provides the primary illumination and creates shadows on the subject. The fill light is positioned on the opposite side of the key light and is used to soften and reduce the intensity of these shadows, creating a more balanced and visually pleasing lighting effect.

The three most common sizes of image sensors are full frame, four-thirds, and APS-C. Full frame sensors are the largest and offer the highest image quality and low-light performance. Four-thirds sensors are smaller but still offer good image quality and are commonly used in mirrorless cameras. APS-C sensors are smaller than full frame but larger than four-thirds, offering a balance between image quality and portability. These three sizes cater to different needs and preferences of photographers, allowing them to choose the sensor size that best suits their requirements.

In a basic three point lighting set up, the three lights are called the key light, fill light, and back light. The key light is the main light source that provides the primary illumination on the subject. The fill light is used to fill in the shadows created by the key light and provide a more balanced lighting. The back light is positioned behind the subject and adds depth and separation by creating a highlight on the edges of the subject. The term "kicker" is not commonly used to refer to one of the lights in a basic three point lighting set up.

Flash and light meters take readings from two different types of light: incident light and reflected light. Incident light refers to the light that reaches the subject directly, while reflected light refers to the light that bounces off the subject and reaches the meter. Therefore, the correct answer is "reflected."

Red eye is caused by light bouncing back from the retina when the flash is located too close to the camera's lens. When the flash is too close, the light from it enters the eye directly and reflects off the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. This reflection creates the red eye effect in photographs.

The daylight white balance setting is for light rated at 5800 degrees Kelvin. This setting is used to adjust the color temperature of the camera to match the color temperature of natural daylight, which is typically around 5800 degrees Kelvin. By using this setting, the camera can capture accurate colors under daylight conditions, resulting in more realistic and natural-looking photographs.

When shooting a play in a dark theater, it is advisable to use a higher ISO setting, such as 800 or higher. This is because a higher ISO allows the camera's sensor to be more sensitive to light, which is crucial in low-light situations. By using a higher ISO, you can capture brighter and more detailed images even in the dimly lit theater.

Most modern digital cameras have either a CCD or CMOS image sensor. These two types of sensors are commonly used in digital cameras to capture and convert light into digital signals. CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) sensors have been used in cameras for a long time and are known for their high image quality and sensitivity. On the other hand, CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) sensors are newer and offer advantages such as lower power consumption and faster readout speeds. Both CCD and CMOS sensors have their own strengths and weaknesses, and camera manufacturers choose the type of sensor based on the specific requirements of the camera.

NTFS (New Technology File System) is the file formatting system used for PC's. It is the default file system for Windows operating systems since Windows NT. NTFS offers several advantages over other file systems, such as support for larger file sizes, improved security features, and better data reliability. It allows for efficient storage and retrieval of data on PC's, making it a widely adopted file system for Windows-based computers.

When the light meter reads F/8, bracketing one stop under and one stop over means adjusting the aperture to let in less or more light respectively. To achieve one stop under, a smaller aperture is needed, so an aperture of 5.6 would be used. For one stop over, a larger aperture is needed, so apertures of 8 and 11 would be used.

When a camera creates an additional pixel of information for each pixel captured by the image sensor, it is using the technique of interpolation. Interpolation is a method used to estimate or fill in missing data points by using the values of surrounding known data points. In the context of a camera, it means that the camera is using algorithms to estimate the color and detail of the additional pixels based on the information from the neighboring pixels. This technique is commonly used to increase the resolution or size of an image, but it does not actually increase the true number of pixels captured by the sensor.

The correct answer is capture, logging, rendering, editing, encoding. This sequence accurately represents the post-production process of completing a video. First, the footage is captured and transferred to the hard drive. Then, logging is done by setting in points and out points for each clip, organizing and categorizing the footage. Next, rendering takes place, where the computer processes and generates the final video. Editing is then performed, involving cutting, rearranging, and adding effects to the clips. Finally, encoding is done to convert the edited video into the proper format for distribution or playback.

RCA cables are commonly used in audio and video systems to transmit signals. In this case, the correct answer is "Yellow = video, White = left channel, Red = right channel." The yellow cable carries the video signal, while the white and red cables carry the left and right audio channels respectively. This color coding system helps to easily identify and connect the correct signals for proper audio and video playback.

Cut, fade, dissolve, and wipe are considered the four least overused and cheesy looking transitions in video editing. These transitions are commonly used in film and television to smoothly transition between scenes or shots. The "cut" transition is a simple and abrupt switch from one shot to another, creating a seamless change. The "fade" transition gradually fades out one shot while fading in the next, creating a smooth and subtle transition. The "dissolve" transition overlaps two shots, gradually blending them together. The "wipe" transition is a more creative option, where one shot "wipes" across the screen to reveal the next shot. These transitions are widely used due to their versatility and ability to enhance the visual flow of a video.

The purpose of the key light in a basic three-point lighting setup is to provide the main broad coverage lighting on the scene. The key light is usually the brightest light source and is positioned at a 45-degree angle to the subject, creating shadows and adding depth to the scene. It helps to define the shape and form of the subject and is often placed on the side of the camera. This light source is crucial in setting the overall mood and highlighting the subject in the scene.

The purpose of the back light or kicker in a basic three point lighting set up is to separate the talent from the background and add depth to a scene. By placing a light behind the subject, it creates a rim of light around their edges, making them stand out from the background and giving the scene a three-dimensional look. This technique helps to create a visually appealing and professional-looking shot.

Flash and light meters are devices used in photography to measure light. They take readings from two different types of light: the light reaching the subject, known as incident light, and the light reflected off the subject, known as reflected light. The incident light refers to the light falling directly on the subject, without any interference or reflection, and is important for determining the correct exposure settings. By measuring the incident light, photographers can ensure that the subject is properly exposed and capture accurate colors and details.

The dodge tool in Photoshop is used to selectively lighten areas of an image. It is commonly used to brighten up shadows or to enhance specific details in a photo. By adjusting the exposure and brightness levels, the dodge tool allows users to lighten specific areas without affecting the overall image. This tool is particularly useful in portrait photography or when working with images that have uneven lighting.

The correct answer is Fluorescent. Fluorescent lights are commonly used in classrooms due to their energy efficiency and long lifespan. They produce white light by passing an electric current through a tube filled with mercury vapor and a phosphor coating on the inside of the tube. This causes the phosphor to emit visible light, resulting in a bright and even illumination in the classroom.

The nickname professionals use for clothes pins is C-47.

A reflector is used for redirecting light. When light hits the surface of a reflector, it bounces off in a different direction. This can be useful in various situations such as photography, where reflectors are commonly used to manipulate lighting conditions. By redirecting light, reflectors can help to fill in shadows, enhance the overall lighting, or create specific lighting effects. Reflectors can also be used in other applications, such as in optical systems or in solar energy devices, where they help to maximize the utilization of light.

The correct answer is to place the light at a 45 degree angle from the subject and point it down at a 45 degree angle. This lighting technique, known as butterfly lighting, creates a flattering and dramatic effect on the subject's face. By positioning the light at a 45 degree angle, it creates a slight shadow under the nose and chin, adding depth to the image. Pointing the light down at a 45 degree angle helps to illuminate the face evenly, while still maintaining some shadowing for a more sculpted look.

Sunsets are typically shot in the landscape position because it allows for capturing the full breadth and beauty of the scene. The wide aspect ratio of the landscape position accommodates the expansive horizon, the vibrant colors of the sky, and any surrounding elements such as mountains, trees, or bodies of water. This position provides a more immersive and visually appealing composition, allowing the viewer to experience the full grandeur of the sunset.

The correct answer is 3.6mb because miniDV tapes have a specific data rate that determines the amount of disc space required per second of footage. In this case, the data rate is 3.6mb, meaning that for every second of footage captured from a miniDV tape, 3.6mb of disc space is needed.

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Barn doors are used to restrict and shape light. They are adjustable flaps attached to the front of a lighting fixture, typically used in photography and film production. By adjusting the position and angle of the barn doors, the amount and direction of light can be controlled, allowing for precise lighting setups and preventing unwanted light spillage. This helps to create a more focused and controlled lighting environment, enhancing the overall aesthetic and composition of the scene.

The correct answer is a close up or pop shot. In filmmaking, a close up shot refers to a shot where the camera is positioned very close to the subject, emphasizing their facial expressions and details. It allows the audience to focus on the actor delivering their lines and capturing their emotions effectively. A pop shot is another term used to describe a close up shot, highlighting the actor's performance in a conversation or dialogue scene. Both terms essentially refer to the same type of shot in which the actor is the main focus of the frame.

To manually set a custom white balance, you need to fill the camera's screen with an all-white subject, such as a white card. This is because the camera needs to measure the color temperature of the light hitting the subject in order to accurately adjust the white balance. By filling the screen with an all-white subject, the camera can measure the color temperature of the light reflected off the subject and use this information to set the appropriate white balance for the scene. Pointing the camera at an extremely bright light source or filling only a portion of the screen with an all-white subject would not provide an accurate measurement of the overall scene's color temperature.

Moving the vertical position of a video camera up or down without tilting the orientation of the lens is known as pedestal up and pedestal down. This refers to adjusting the height of the camera without changing its angle or tilt. This movement is commonly used in cinematography and broadcasting to capture different perspectives and angles without altering the camera's orientation.

Final Cut's functionality is derived from QuickTime. QuickTime is a multimedia framework developed by Apple that provides the necessary tools and features for handling various media formats. Final Cut, being a professional video editing software, relies on QuickTime to support and process different video and audio formats, as well as provide essential functionalities like playback, encoding, and decoding. QuickTime's integration with Final Cut allows users to work with a wide range of media files and ensures smooth and efficient editing workflows.

Rack focus refers to the intentional act of shifting the focus of a camera lens from one subject to another during a shot. This technique is commonly used in filmmaking to draw the viewer's attention to a specific element within the frame. By deliberately adjusting the focus, the filmmaker can create a visual effect that directs the audience's gaze and enhances the storytelling.

Continuity errors in video occur when there are inconsistencies or discrepancies in the visual elements between different shots or scenes. One of the most common sources of these errors is clothing, as costumes or outfits may change or appear differently in consecutive shots. Clocks can also cause continuity errors if their time or position varies between shots. Similarly, food and drinks can create inconsistencies if they are shown at different levels or positions in different scenes.

Fade to black is a common transition used in film and television to indicate the passage of time from one scene to the next. By gradually fading the screen to black, it creates a visual break and allows the audience to understand that time has passed. This transition is often used when there is a significant time lapse or when the story is moving forward in time. It helps to maintain the flow of the narrative and avoid abrupt jumps in time.

The indoor white balance setting is for light rated at 3200 degrees Kelvin. This setting is used to adjust the color temperature of the camera to match the warm artificial lighting commonly found indoors. By setting the white balance to 3200 degrees Kelvin, the camera ensures that white objects appear white in the captured image, rather than being tinted with a color cast caused by the warm light.

The most desirable size for an image sensor is full frame because it offers the largest sensor size available in digital cameras. A full-frame sensor provides better image quality, low-light performance, and dynamic range compared to smaller sensor sizes. It also allows for a shallower depth of field and better control over the composition of the image. Additionally, full-frame sensors are commonly used in professional photography and offer compatibility with a wide range of lenses.

The transition that blends one clip into the following clip is called a cross fade or cross dissolve. This transition gradually fades out the first clip while simultaneously fading in the second clip, creating a smooth and seamless transition between the two. It is commonly used in video editing to transition between scenes or shots without any abrupt changes, providing a visually pleasing and professional result.

Setting your camera to ISO 200 will result in fine pixelization. ISO refers to the sensitivity of the camera's image sensor to light. Higher ISO values result in more sensitivity to light, which can lead to increased noise or pixelization in the image. ISO 200 is a relatively low ISO setting, so it will produce a finer pixelization compared to higher ISO settings.

The resolution of photographs online is commonly measured in dpi (dots per inch), and 72 dpi is a standard resolution for images displayed on electronic screens. This resolution is suitable for viewing images on websites and digital devices because it balances image quality with file size. Higher resolutions are typically unnecessary for online viewing as they would result in larger file sizes and slower loading times. Therefore, 72 dpi is a commonly used resolution for online photographs.

A 24mm lens is considered a wide angle lens because it has a focal length that is shorter than the diagonal measurement of the camera's image sensor. Wide angle lenses are known for their ability to capture a wider field of view, making them suitable for landscape photography and capturing large scenes.

The correct answer is Strobes, wireless trigger, backdrop, flash meter, umbrella. This answer includes the five most common pieces of equipment used in the studio, which are strobes (lighting equipment), wireless trigger (to remotely trigger the strobes), backdrop (background for the photoshoot), flash meter (to measure the intensity of the light), and umbrella (used to diffuse and soften the light).

A low-z cable and a high-z cable are both types of cables used for audio connections. However, a low-z cable is designed to have a lower impedance (electrical resistance) compared to a high-z cable. Lower impedance allows for better signal transfer and less interference, resulting in higher quality sound. Therefore, a low-z cable will generally produce a higher quality sound than a high-z cable in most circumstances.

Setting your camera to ISO 400 will result in medium pixelization. ISO refers to the sensitivity of your camera's image sensor. The higher the ISO, the more sensitive the sensor becomes to light. However, increasing the ISO also increases the amount of digital noise or pixelization in the image. ISO 400 is considered a moderate level of sensitivity, resulting in a moderate level of pixelization. It strikes a balance between capturing enough light in low-light situations and maintaining a reasonable level of image quality.

A digital camera stores an exposure onto a media card. The media card is a storage device that allows the camera to capture and save digital images. It acts as the memory for the camera, similar to how a film roll would store images in a traditional film camera. The digital information of the exposure is written onto the media card, which can then be removed from the camera and transferred to a computer or other device for viewing or editing the images.

An over the shoulder shot is a type of shot in filmmaking where the camera is positioned behind one actor's shoulder, capturing the back or side of their head, while also including the face of the second actor with whom they are having a conversation. This shot is commonly used to establish a sense of perspective and intimacy between the characters, allowing the audience to feel like they are a part of the conversation.

The correct answer is "A one take shot or a walk and talk." This term refers to a single long shot that captures two or more actors walking and talking without any cuts or edits. It is called a "one take" because the entire scene is filmed in a single continuous shot, maintaining the flow and realism of the conversation. This technique is often used to create a sense of naturalness and intimacy between the characters, as it allows the audience to feel like they are eavesdropping on a real conversation.

Setting your camera to ISO 100 will result in super fine pixelization. ISO refers to the sensitivity of the camera's image sensor to light. A lower ISO value, such as ISO 100, means that the sensor is less sensitive to light, resulting in less noise and finer details in the image. Therefore, setting the camera to ISO 100 will produce images with super fine pixelization, where the individual pixels are more defined and less grainy.

A snoot, or spot, is used for narrow coverage lighting. This means that it is designed to focus the light in a specific direction or area, providing a concentrated and focused beam of light. This can be useful in various situations, such as highlighting a particular subject or creating dramatic lighting effects. By narrowing the coverage of the light, a snoot allows for more control and precision in lighting setups.

The ideal volume level for video is -12 db. This level is considered optimal because it provides a balanced audio experience for viewers. It ensures that the audio is neither too loud nor too soft, allowing viewers to comfortably listen to the video without any distortion or discomfort. Additionally, -12 db is a commonly used standard in the industry, making it a reliable choice for maintaining consistency across different video platforms and devices.

The answer is 1gb because the question asks for the equivalent of 1000 mb. Since 1gb is equal to 1000 mb, it is the correct answer.

Mac's file system uses UFS+ or MacOS Extended.

A street light produces mercury vapor light. Mercury vapor lamps produce light by passing an electric current through vaporized mercury. These lamps emit a bluish-white light and are commonly used for outdoor lighting purposes, such as street lighting. Incandescent and fluorescent lights are not typically used for street lighting.

The main wide angle shot of a scene is called a master shot. This shot typically establishes the overall setting and provides a comprehensive view of the scene. It is often used as a reference for other shots and helps to orient the audience by showing the spatial relationships between characters and objects in the scene. The master shot is an essential component in film and television production as it sets the foundation for subsequent shots and allows for seamless editing.

An umbrella or flood is used for broad coverage lighting because it helps to spread the light evenly over a large area. This type of lighting is commonly used in photography or videography to create a soft and diffused light that minimizes shadows and highlights details. Umbrellas and floods are often used in studio setups or outdoor shoots where a wide area needs to be illuminated.

An 80mm lens is considered a portrait lens because it falls within the typical focal length range used for portrait photography. Portrait lenses are known for their ability to capture subjects with a natural perspective and minimal distortion. They provide a flattering compression effect and allow photographers to isolate their subjects from the background. While wide-angle lenses have shorter focal lengths and capture a wider field of view, and telephoto lenses have longer focal lengths and bring distant subjects closer, an 80mm lens is commonly used for capturing portraits.

A 135mm lens is considered a medium telephoto lens. Telephoto lenses have a longer focal length, allowing them to capture subjects that are far away. A 135mm lens falls within the range of medium telephoto lenses, providing a good balance between magnification and portability. It is commonly used for portrait photography, as it allows the photographer to get closer to the subject without causing distortion. Additionally, the 135mm focal length provides a narrow field of view, making it suitable for isolating subjects and creating a shallow depth of field.

Dolly in or dolly out refers to the act of moving the video camera closer to or further away from the subject. This technique is commonly used in filmmaking to change the perspective and create a sense of depth in the shot. By physically moving the camera on a dolly, the cinematographer can smoothly transition between different distances from the subject, enhancing the visual storytelling and capturing the desired effect.

Using an umbrella for lighting helps to create a broad lighting effect. The umbrella diffuses and spreads the light, resulting in a soft and even illumination that covers a larger area. This type of lighting is ideal for portrait photography or when a more flattering and less harsh light is desired. The umbrella acts as a modifier, widening the light source and reducing shadows, resulting in a broad and gentle lighting effect.

A 70-210mm lens is considered a zoom lens because it has a variable focal length range that allows the photographer to zoom in and out, adjusting the magnification of the subject. This lens provides flexibility and versatility, making it suitable for various photography genres such as wildlife, sports, and landscapes.

A soft box is used for diffused soft lighting. It helps to create a gentle and even light by diffusing the harshness and shadows that direct light can create. This type of lighting is commonly used in photography and videography to achieve a flattering and natural look, as it provides a soft and flattering illumination that enhances the subject's features and reduces the appearance of imperfections.

When shooting a wedding using an external flash, it is recommended to use ISO 200. ISO determines the sensitivity of the camera's image sensor to light. ISO 200 is a good choice because it strikes a balance between capturing enough light and minimizing noise in the image. It allows for a moderate amount of sensitivity to light, which is ideal for capturing well-exposed wedding photos with the help of an external flash.

When shooting a model with a strobe, it is recommended to use a lower ISO setting, such as 100. This is because a strobe provides a powerful burst of light, which can effectively illuminate the subject even in low light conditions. Using a lower ISO helps to minimize digital noise and maintain image quality, as the strobe's light is already providing sufficient illumination. Higher ISO settings may result in grainy or noisy images, which can detract from the overall quality of the photograph.

The correct answer is 1mb because the question is asking for the equivalent of 1000 pb, and the options provided are 1mb, 1gb, and 1eb. Since 1pb is equal to 1000 tb and 1tb is equal to 1000 gb, it can be inferred that 1000 pb is equal to 1eb. Therefore, the only option that is smaller than 1eb is 1mb.

The given answer is incorrect. 1000 tb is equal to 1 pb, not 1mb.

A 50mm lens is considered a 'normal' lens because it closely replicates the field of view that the human eye sees. It is neither a wide-angle lens nor a telephoto lens. This focal length is often preferred for everyday photography as it provides a natural perspective and is versatile for various types of photography, such as landscapes, street photography, and portraits.

A 60mm lens is considered a macro lens because it has a focal length that allows for close-up photography. Macro lenses are specifically designed to capture small subjects in great detail, such as insects, flowers, or other tiny objects. They have a high magnification capability and a short minimum focusing distance, which allows photographers to get up close and capture intricate details that may not be visible to the naked eye.

A kicker is used for providing a narrow coverage light. This type of lighting is typically used to highlight or accent specific subjects or areas in a scene. It creates a focused beam of light that adds depth and dimension to the overall lighting setup. Kicker lights are commonly used in photography and film production to create separation between subjects and the background, adding a sense of depth and visual interest to the final image or footage.

When shooting a model on a beach, it is recommended to use a low ISO setting such as 50. This is because shooting in bright outdoor conditions like a beach usually provides ample natural light. A low ISO helps to reduce the amount of noise in the image and maintain better image quality. Additionally, using a low ISO allows for a slower shutter speed, which can be useful for capturing motion blur or creating a sense of movement in the photograph.

The minimum screen resolution required for running Final Cut Pro is 1024x768. This means that in order to use the software effectively, the screen resolution of the device should be at least 1024 pixels in width and 768 pixels in height. Having a lower resolution may result in a poor user experience and may not display all the features and functions of the software properly.

When shooting indoors with daylight, using an ISO of 400 is recommended. ISO refers to the sensitivity of the camera's image sensor to light. In daylight conditions, there is usually enough light available, so a lower ISO like 100 may be too sensitive and result in overexposed images. On the other hand, using a higher ISO like 800 or above may introduce more noise or graininess to the photos. Therefore, an ISO of 400 strikes a balance between capturing enough light and maintaining good image quality in indoor daylight conditions.

Setting your camera to ISO 400 will result in coarse pixelization. ISO determines the sensitivity of the camera's image sensor to light. Higher ISO settings like ISO 400 allow the camera to capture more light, which can be useful in low-light conditions. However, increasing the ISO also increases the amount of digital noise in the image, resulting in a loss of image quality and coarse pixelization.