Digestive Disorders Trivia Questions

Peptic ulcers associated with Helicobacter Pylori can develop in both the stomach and duodenum. This is because Helicobacter Pylori is a bacterium that can infect the lining of the stomach and duodenum, leading to inflammation and the development of ulcers. The bacteria weaken the protective lining of the stomach and duodenum, making them more susceptible to damage from stomach acid. As a result, ulcers can form in both the stomach and duodenum.

In autoimmune chronic gastritis, antibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic factor can be identified. This is because autoimmune chronic gastritis is characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the parietal cells in the stomach, which produce intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. The presence of antibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic factor can be detected through blood tests, providing evidence of autoimmune chronic gastritis. Therefore, the statement is true.

Peptic ulcers can lead to various complications, including upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage with vomiting of fresh blood and melena (black, tarry stools), constant severe pain with guarding and peritonitis (inflammation of the abdominal lining), and the formation of fibrous structures that can impair gastric emptying. Therefore, all of the above options are complications of peptic ulcers.

Diverticulosis is a condition where small pouches or sacs form in the lining of the colon. These pouches protrude through the muscle layer of the colon, which is known as the colon mucosa. This characteristic of diverticulosis is what distinguishes it from other conditions affecting the colon. Therefore, the statement is true.

Duodenal ulcers are a type of peptic ulcer that occurs in the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum. The statement that duodenal ulcers usually suffer pain two hours after a meal is true. This is because the pain associated with duodenal ulcers is typically caused by the excess production of stomach acid, which occurs after eating. As food enters the stomach, it triggers the release of gastric acid, leading to the worsening of symptoms in individuals with duodenal ulcers. Therefore, it is common for individuals with duodenal ulcers to experience pain approximately two hours after eating.

The epigastrium is the region of the abdomen located just above the stomach. When pain arises from the stomach, it is typically felt in this area. This is because the stomach is situated in the upper part of the abdomen, and any discomfort or pain originating from it would be referred to the epigastrium. The right hypochondrium is the upper right region of the abdomen, the tip of the right scapula is located on the back, and the precordium refers to the area of the chest overlying the heart. Therefore, the most likely location for stomach pain to be felt is the epigastrium.

Reflux esophagitis is the correct answer because heartburn is commonly caused by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. This condition occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscle that normally prevents acid from entering the esophagus, becomes weak or relaxed. This allows stomach acid to irritate the lining of the esophagus, leading to the characteristic burning sensation known as heartburn. Acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, and esophageal varices are not typically associated with heartburn.

Melaena refers to the passage of black, tarry stools due to the presence of digested blood in the gastrointestinal tract. Haematemesis, on the other hand, refers to the vomiting of fresh blood. In the context of ulcers, melaena is more frequent in duodenal ulcers compared to gastric ulcers. This is because duodenal ulcers tend to bleed slowly and steadily, allowing the blood to be digested and causing melaena. Gastric ulcers, on the other hand, often bleed more profusely, leading to haematemesis rather than melaena.

Gastric ulcers are often caused by a bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori, which can be passed down through families. This means that individuals with a family history of gastric ulcers are more likely to develop them themselves. Therefore, the statement "Gastric ulcers sufferers usually have a family history" is true.

The two main types of peptic ulcers are associated with long-term use of NSAID's and H. pylori infection. NSAID's are medications commonly used for pain relief and inflammation, but they can cause damage to the lining of the stomach and small intestine, leading to the formation of ulcers. H. pylori is a bacterium that can infect the stomach lining and cause inflammation, leading to the development of ulcers. Therefore, options A & C, which include both long-term use of NSAID's and H. pylori, are the correct answer choices.

Gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn and dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). Barrett's esophagus is a complication of GERD that can lead to changes in the lining of the esophagus. However, colicky visceral abdominal pain is not typically associated with GERD. Colicky pain refers to intermittent, cramp-like pain that is often caused by spasms in the intestines. While GERD can cause discomfort and pain in the chest and upper abdomen, it is not typically described as colicky pain.

Increase in appetite is not a clinical feature of peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcers often cause recurrent abdominal pain localized in the epigastrium, heartburn, and sometimes excessive salivation. However, an increase in appetite is not typically associated with peptic ulcers. In fact, some individuals with peptic ulcers may experience a decrease in appetite due to the discomfort and pain associated with the condition.

The rapid urease test is a diagnostic test used to detect the presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori in the stomach. This test involves taking a small tissue sample from the stomach lining during an endoscopy procedure. The tissue sample is then tested for the presence of urease, an enzyme produced by H. pylori. If the test is positive, it indicates the presence of the bacteria. Therefore, the statement that the rapid urease test requires an endoscopy is true.

Environmental gastritis is the more common

It is twice more common in men then women

Abdominal tenderness with guarding could develop in a perforated duodenal ulcer. When a duodenal ulcer perforates, it creates a hole in the wall of the duodenum, allowing stomach acid and digestive enzymes to leak into the abdominal cavity. This can cause severe abdominal pain, tenderness, and guarding, which is the body's protective response to prevent further injury. Ruptured oesophageal varices, dyspepsia, and reflux oesophagitis may cause other symptoms but are not typically associated with abdominal tenderness and guarding.

H Pylori is responsible for Environmental chronic gastritis

The urine test is not used to detect H pylori. Serologic tests, rapid urease tests, fecal antigen tests, and urea breath tests are commonly used diagnostic tests for detecting H pylori infection.

It is a gram negative micro organism

Gastritis is not a complication of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Gastro-oesophageal reflux refers to the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, which can lead to various complications. Peptic stricture occurs when the esophagus narrows due to scar tissue formation, ulcers are open sores that can develop in the lining of the esophagus, and Barrett's esophagus is a condition where the normal lining of the esophagus is replaced with abnormal cells. However, gastritis refers to inflammation of the stomach lining and is not directly related to reflux.

Chronic gastritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining. Symptoms commonly associated with chronic gastritis include upper abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, and heaviness and bloating. Sharp gnawing epigastric pain, however, is not typically associated with chronic gastritis. Therefore, it is inconsistent with the condition.

Colicky type of pain is typically caused by spasms or contractions of the smooth muscles in the organs. Stones in the ureter and gallstones can cause colicky pain as they move and obstruct the flow of urine or bile, respectively. Peritonitis, which is inflammation of the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity, can also cause colicky pain due to irritation and inflammation. However, colon cancer is unlikely to cause colicky pain as it typically presents with persistent, dull, and crampy abdominal pain rather than spasmodic pain.

Carcinoma is a cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding