DevOps Quiz: Questions And Answers

Reviewed by Godwin Iheuwa
Godwin Iheuwa, MS (Computer Science) |
Database Administrator
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Godwin Iheuwa, a Database Administrator at MTN Nigeria, holds an MS in Computer Science, specializing in Agile Methodologies and Database Administration from the University of Bedfordshire and a Bachelor's in Computer Science from the University of Port Harcourt. His proficiency in SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) and SQL Server Management Studio contributes to his expertise in database management.
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  • 1/35 Questions

    The development teams that support the Agile approach to DevOps must include staff from the operations teams to ensure: A) That stability is prioritised over creativity B) Operational considerations are prioritised over stability C) Operational considerations are taken into account D) The resultant designs of the systems will fit nicely into the business as usual environment

    • A and B Only
    • C and B Only
    • C and D Only
    • D Only
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About This Quiz

DevOps is an essential approach in modern software development, combining development and operations to improve collaboration, efficiency, and automation. This DevOps quiz is designed to test your understanding of key concepts, tools, and practices in the DevOps lifecycle. If you're a beginner learning the fundamentals or an experienced professional refining your skills, this quiz will help you assess your knowledge. See more

With multiple-choice questions, this DevOps MCQ with answers covers topics like CI/CD pipelines, automation, containerization, cloud computing, and monitoring. By taking this quiz, you will identify areas that need improvement and strengthen your understanding of industry best practices.

DevOps Quiz: Questions And Answers - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Is this statement correct? “DevOps is more than just a tool or a process change, and it inherently requires an organizational culture shift.”

    • Yes, there needs to be a cultural shift within the organization across all stakeholders to ensure the successful adoption of a DevOps approach.

    • Yes, but the most up-to-date tools and LEAN processes need to be in place to drive an organizational culture shift.

    • No, DevOps is all about the tools.

    • No, a cultural shift will occur when staff are using the most up-to-date tools and LEAN processes.

    Correct Answer
    A. Yes, there needs to be a cultural shift within the organization across all stakeholders to ensure the successful adoption of a DevOps approach.
    Explanation
    The given answer explains that a cultural shift within the organization is necessary for the successful adoption of a DevOps approach. This means that simply implementing tools or processes is not enough, but there needs to be a change in the organization's culture to fully embrace and benefit from DevOps. This cultural shift involves all stakeholders in the organization, indicating that it is not limited to a specific department or group of individuals.

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  • 3. 

    DevOps means…

    • Developers taking over all Operations tasks.

    • Automating the process of software delivery and infrastructure changes.

    • The collaboration and communication of both software developers and other information-technology (IT) professionals while automating the process of software delivery and infrastructure changes.

    • The collaboration and communication of just software developers and operations staff while automating the process software delivery and infrastructure changes.

    Correct Answer
    A. The collaboration and communication of both software developers and other information-technology (IT) professionals while automating the process of software delivery and infrastructure changes.
    Explanation
    DevOps refers to the collaboration and communication between software developers and other IT professionals, including operations staff. This collaboration aims to automate the process of software delivery and infrastructure changes. The inclusion of both software developers and IT professionals highlights the importance of cross-functional teamwork and communication in DevOps practices.

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  • 4. 

    Which statement best describes the goal of DevOps?

    • One goal of DevOps is to establish an environment where Change Management does not control application releases.

    • One goal of DevOps is to establish an environment where releasing more reliable applications faster and more frequently can occur.

    • One goal of DevOps is to establish an environment where application development performs all operations tasks.

    • One goal of DevOps is to establish an environment where releasing applications is valued over the quality of the released application.

    Correct Answer
    A. One goal of DevOps is to establish an environment where releasing more reliable applications faster and more frequently can occur.
    Explanation
    DevOps aims to create an environment where applications can be released with greater reliability, speed, and frequency. This means that the focus is on improving the release process to ensure that applications are more reliable, released at a faster pace, and can be released more frequently. The goal is to enable organizations to deliver software more efficiently and effectively, ultimately enhancing customer satisfaction and business outcomes.

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  • 5. 

    Which of these statements is correct about DevOps? A) DevOps and Agile don’t mix B) DevOps won’t work in regulated industries C) DevOps won’t work with Outsourced Development D) You must use cloud technologies

    • B, C and D only

    • C and D only

    • All of the above are correct

    • All of the above are incorrect

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above are incorrect
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above are incorrect". This means that none of the statements listed (A, B, C, and D) are correct about DevOps. DevOps and Agile can work together, DevOps can be implemented in regulated industries, DevOps can also work with outsourced development, and it is not necessary to use cloud technologies for DevOps.

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  • 6. 

    Which benefits of adopting a DevOps approach could be included in a business case to adopt a DevOps approach? A) Improved deployment frequency, which can lead to faster time to market B) Lower failure rate of new releases C) Shortened lead time between fixes D) Faster mean time to recovery in the event of a new release crashing or otherwise disabling the current system

    • Just A and C

    • Just A, B and C

    • A, B and C but not D

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The benefits of adopting a DevOps approach that could be included in a business case are improved deployment frequency, which can lead to faster time to market, lower failure rate of new releases, shortened lead time between fixes, and faster mean time to recovery in the event of a new release crashing or otherwise disabling the current system.

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  • 7. 

    Agile and DevOps are similar but differ in a few important aspects. Which statement is correct?

    • Agile is a change of thinking, whereas DevOps is actual organizational cultural change

    • Agile is actual organizational cultural change, whereas DevOps is a change of thinking.

    • Agile is process driven whereas DevOps is role driven.

    • Agile is role driven whereas DevOps is process driven.

    Correct Answer
    A. Agile is a change of thinking, whereas DevOps is actual organizational cultural change
    Explanation
    Agile and DevOps have similarities but differ in their focus. Agile is primarily a change in mindset and thinking, emphasizing flexibility and adaptability in the development process. On the other hand, DevOps is a cultural change within an organization, aiming to bridge the gap between development and operations teams and promote collaboration and communication. While Agile focuses on how work is approached, DevOps focuses on the overall culture and organization of the company.

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  • 8. 

    What happens when your DevOps process becomes so automated and abstracted that your infrastructure doesn't even need a dedicated IT ops team? With the rise of IT automation and cloud computing, this methodology is quietly becoming a reality.

    • CloudOps

    • ProtoOps

    • NoOps

    • MicroOps

    Correct Answer
    A. NoOps
    Explanation
    NoOps refers to a scenario where the DevOps process is so automated and abstracted that there is no need for a dedicated IT ops team. This means that the infrastructure is managed and maintained automatically, without human intervention. With the advancements in IT automation and cloud computing, this concept is becoming a reality, where organizations can rely on automated systems and tools to handle all operational tasks, eliminating the need for a separate IT ops team.

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  • 9. 

    In typical IT organizations, why is there a conflict between development and operations teams?

    • Because they come from different backgrounds.

    • Because the development team knows more about software products and services.

    • Because the operations team knows more about test and production environments.

    • Because they have conflicting business goals and priorities.

    Correct Answer
    A. Because they have conflicting business goals and priorities.
    Explanation
    The conflict between development and operations teams in typical IT organizations arises due to their conflicting business goals and priorities. Development teams focus on creating and implementing new software products and services, while operations teams are responsible for managing and maintaining the test and production environments. These differing objectives can lead to disagreements and clashes as each team prioritizes its own goals and may have different strategies for achieving them.

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  • 10. 

    In a DevOps organization which one of the following elements does not directly contribute to your value stream?

    • DevOps team.

    • Stakeholders of downstream work centers.

    • Errors, incidents and fixes.

    • Clients

    Correct Answer
    A. Errors, incidents and fixes.
    Explanation
    Errors, incidents, and fixes do not directly contribute to the value stream in a DevOps organization. The value stream refers to the series of activities that are required to deliver a product or service to the end customer. In this context, the DevOps team plays a crucial role in ensuring the smooth flow of the value stream by integrating development and operations. The stakeholders of downstream work centers also contribute to the value stream by providing feedback and requirements. Clients, on the other hand, are the ultimate recipients of the value generated by the organization. However, errors, incidents, and fixes are reactive measures taken to address issues that arise during the value stream process, rather than direct contributors to the value stream itself.

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  • 11. 

    Why is it a good idea to limit the batch size of your continuous DevOps deliveries?

    • You will be quicker to identify the root causes of issues and resolve them.

    • By continuously delivering in production, your team will be contributing to your organizational mission.

    • Potentially required rollbacks from your production systems will be less cumbersome.

    • All the above choices.

    Correct Answer
    A. All the above choices.
    Explanation
    Limiting the batch size of continuous DevOps deliveries is a good idea because it allows for quicker identification and resolution of root causes of issues. By continuously delivering in production, the team contributes to the organizational mission. Additionally, smaller batch sizes make potential rollbacks from production systems less cumbersome.

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  • 12. 

    Which one of the following is not one of the DevOps principles for good test automation?

    • Test Automation should give quick and early feedback about your quality of work.

    • Never mix test-driven development (TDD) together with your test automation approach.

    • Tests should generate consistent, deterministic, and repeatable results provided the same conditions for different test runs.

    • With your test automation, avoid slow feedback. What you need is fast feedback whenever you or your developer attempts to check in code to your trunk.

    Correct Answer
    A. Never mix test-driven development (TDD) together with your test automation approach.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Never mix test driven development (TDD) together with your test automation approach." This is because TDD is a development practice that involves writing tests before writing the actual code, while test automation is focused on automating the execution of tests. Mixing the two approaches can lead to confusion and a lack of clarity in the testing process. It is important to keep them separate to ensure that each approach can be effectively implemented and maintained.

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  • 13. 

    What is telemetry?

    • Telemetry is a widely known SaaS tool to plan and execute DevOps projects.

    • Telemetry is a communication tool used by DevOps teams at geographically distributed locations.

    • Telemetry is the process of recording the behavior of your systems.

    • Telemetry is a tool to design, code and execute automated unit tests.

    Correct Answer
    A. Telemetry is the process of recording the behavior of your systems.
    Explanation
    Telemetry refers to the process of recording and monitoring the behavior of systems. It involves collecting data from various sources, such as sensors or instruments, and transmitting it to a central location for analysis. This data can be used to gain insights into the performance, efficiency, and overall health of the systems. Telemetry is commonly used in fields like aerospace, automotive, and healthcare to monitor and optimize the functioning of complex systems.

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  • 14. 

    What type of testing is Selenium most commonly used for?

    • Performance testing

    • Regression testing

    • Reliability testing

    • Compliance testing

    Correct Answer
    A. Regression testing
    Explanation
    Selenium is most commonly used for regression testing. Regression testing is a type of testing that ensures that previously developed and tested software still performs correctly after changes or updates have been made. Selenium is an open-source tool that is widely used for automating web browsers, making it ideal for regression testing where repetitive tests need to be executed to ensure the stability and functionality of the software.

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  • 15. 

    Which DevOps principle focuses on product and service thinking?

    • Customer-centric action

    • Continuous Improvement

    • Create with the end in mind

    • Automate everything you can

    Correct Answer
    A. Create with the end in mind
    Explanation
    The principle of "Create with the end in mind" in DevOps focuses on considering the final product or service outcome during the development process. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the customer's needs and requirements and aligning all actions and decisions towards delivering a valuable and high-quality end result. This principle encourages teams to have a clear vision of the desired outcome and to constantly iterate and refine their work based on customer feedback and evolving business goals. By keeping the end goal in mind, teams can ensure that their efforts are aligned with delivering maximum value to the customer.

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  • 16. 

    What is NOT an appropriate predictor of IT performance in a DevOps environment?

    • Mean time to recovery

    • High-trust organizational culture

    • Proactive monitoring

    • Version control of all artifacts

    Correct Answer
    A. High-trust organizational culture
    Explanation
    High-trust organizational culture is not a direct predictor of IT performance; however, it is a crucial cultural aspect that supports collaboration, communication, and the overall success of DevOps practices. The other options—proactive monitoring and version control of all artifacts—are also important predictors of IT performance in a DevOps context.

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  • 17. 

    What is NOT a challenge between the Development and Operations teams in a traditional organization?

    • Blame game between Dev and Ops

    • Different tools used between Dev and Ops

    • No feedback loop between Dev and Ops

    • Development and Operations is not maintained by the same person

    Correct Answer
    A. Development and Operations is not maintained by the same person
    Explanation
    In traditional organizations, it is common for development and operations teams to be separate entities, with different individuals responsible for each. This division of roles allows for specialization and focus on specific aspects of the software development and deployment process. Therefore, the fact that development and operations are not maintained by the same person is not a challenge between the two teams in a traditional organization.

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  • 18. 

    The platform products control the freedom and restrictions for the DevOps Business System teams. Which cloud services classification will offer the greatest number of restrictions?

    • On-Premise

    • IaaS

    • PaaS

    • SaaS

    Correct Answer
    A. SaaS
    Explanation
    SaaS (Software as a Service) will offer the greatest number of restrictions compared to the other options. This is because SaaS provides ready-to-use software applications over the Internet, and users have limited control over the underlying infrastructure and customization options. The platform products in SaaS are typically designed to be used as-is without extensive modifications, which can result in more restrictions for the DevOps Business System teams compared to other cloud service classifications like IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) or PaaS (Platform as a Service).

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  • 19. 

    What is the difference between Continuous Delivery and Continuous Deployment?

    • Continuous Delivery is a manual task, while Continuous Deployment is an automated task.

    • Continuous Delivery has a manual release to production decision, while Continuous Deployment has releases automatically pushed to production.

    • Continuous Delivery includes all steps of the software development life cycle; Continuous Deployment may skip a few steps, such as validation and testing.

    • Continuous Delivery means complete delivery of the application to the customer; Continuous Deployment includes only deployment of the application in a customer environment.

    Correct Answer
    A. Continuous Delivery has a manual release to production decision, while Continuous Deployment has releases automatically pushed to production.
    Explanation
    Continuous Delivery refers to the practice of continuously delivering software to a production-like environment, where it can be tested and validated. However, the decision to release the software to actual production is made manually by a human. On the other hand, Continuous Deployment involves automatically pushing releases to the production environment without any manual intervention. This means that once the software passes all necessary tests and validations, it is automatically deployed to the production environment.

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  • 20. 

    What is NOT an aspect related to governing work in an organization?

    • Scrum of scrums

    • Feature Switches

    • Scrum board

    • Test Automation

    Correct Answer
    A. Scrum board
    Explanation
    A Scrum board is a tool used in Agile methodologies, particularly in Scrum, to visually manage the flow of work during a sprint. It is not directly related to governing work in an organization but is more of a visualization tool to track progress within a specific development team.
    The other options—Scrum of scrums, Feature Switches, and Test Automation—can be associated with aspects related to governing work in an organization:
    Scrum of Scrum: This is a meeting or coordination approach used in scaled Agile environments where representatives from different Scrum teams meet to discuss progress and dependencies.
    Feature Switches: Feature switches or toggles are used in software development to control the activation or deactivation of specific features in an application, allowing for better control over feature releases and experimentation.
    Test Automation: Test automation is a practice used to govern the testing process, ensuring that tests are executed consistently and efficiently, especially in continuous integration and continuous delivery pipelines.

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  • 21. 

    What are the characteristics of resources in a DevOps-based, product-focused organization?

    • Resources are functionally organized.

    • Resources know about business and IT and deliver work, whilst making best use of people's skills and/or talents.

    • Resources are specialist-oriented.

    • Resources are assigned to multiple projects at once, for reasons related to resource optimization.

    Correct Answer
    A. Resources know about business and IT and deliver work, whilst making best use of people's skills and/or talents.
    Explanation
    In a DevOps based, product-focused organization, the characteristics of resources include being functionally organized, having knowledge about both business and IT, delivering work while utilizing people's skills and talents effectively. Additionally, resources are specialist-oriented and are assigned to multiple projects simultaneously to optimize resource utilization.

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  • 22. 

    Which phrase fits BEST as a characteristic of a DevOps team, considering that the team is part of an antifragile organization?

    • Employee First

    • Honor Web-inspired value

    • Minimum Viable Bureaucracy

    • Self-management

    Correct Answer
    A. Self-management
    Explanation
    Self-management is the best characteristic of a DevOps team in an antifragile organization. In an antifragile organization, teams are empowered to make decisions and manage themselves without excessive bureaucracy or micromanagement. Self-management allows the team to be agile, adaptive, and responsive to changes, which is crucial in a DevOps environment where collaboration and continuous improvement are key. This characteristic promotes autonomy, accountability, and innovation within the team, leading to better outcomes and overall success.

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  • 23. 

    What is the main reason to know exactly who the customer is when setting up a Business Service team?

    • To determine what value and functionalities should be delivered by the team

    • To establish the required mix of skills and knowledge for the team

    • To know what kind of work the team will be handling

    • To understand the scope of the technology responsibility of the team

    Correct Answer
    A. To determine what value and functionalities should be delivered by the team
    Explanation
    Knowing exactly who the customer is when setting up a Business Service team is important because it helps determine what value and functionalities should be delivered by the team. By understanding the needs and preferences of the customer, the team can tailor their services to meet those specific requirements. This ensures that the team is focused on providing value and delivering functionalities that are relevant and useful to the customer, ultimately leading to customer satisfaction and success for the business.

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  • 24. 

    Which DevOps principle appreciates measuring processes, people, and tools?

    • Continuous improvement

    • Create with the end in mind

    • Cross-functional autonomous teams

    • People responsibility

    Correct Answer
    A. Continuous improvement
    Explanation
    Continuous improvement is the correct answer because it emphasizes the importance of measuring and evaluating processes, people, and tools in order to identify areas for improvement. By continuously monitoring and assessing these aspects, organizations can identify inefficiencies, bottlenecks, or areas that need enhancement, and then implement changes to optimize their DevOps practices. This principle promotes a culture of ongoing learning, adaptation, and refinement, ultimately leading to better outcomes and increased efficiency in the DevOps process.

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  • 25. 

    John is the Product Owner and is helping his team to understand the product and the customer requirements. By doing so, which type of waste is likely to be eliminated?

    • Defects

    • Non-Utilized Skills

    • Transportation

    • Motion

    Correct Answer
    A. Defects
    Explanation
    By helping his team understand the product and customer requirements, John as the Product Owner is likely to eliminate defects. This is because a clear understanding of the product and customer requirements helps in identifying and addressing any potential issues or flaws in the product, thereby reducing the occurrence of defects. By ensuring that the team has a comprehensive understanding of the requirements, John can minimize the chances of defects in the final product, leading to higher quality and customer satisfaction.

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  • 26. 

    What is the main benefit of automated provisioning?

    • Flexible approach to ad-hoc system changes

    • Focus on operational perspective to control infrastructure changes

    • High speed delivery of new environments

    • Variability in application environments

    Correct Answer
    A. High speed delivery of new environments
    Explanation
    Automated provisioning allows for the rapid creation and deployment of new environments, reducing the time and effort required to set up and configure systems. This benefit is especially valuable in fast-paced environments where quick delivery of new environments is crucial, such as in agile development or cloud computing. Automated provisioning eliminates the need for manual setup and configuration, streamlining the process and ensuring consistent and reliable results. By enabling high-speed delivery of new environments, organizations can improve efficiency, accelerate development cycles, and respond quickly to changing business needs.

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  • 27. 

    What is correct about the implementation of measurements within an organization?

    • Defining good measurements is enough for business improvement.

    • Differences in measurements can lead to confrontation within an organization, so measurements should be avoided.

    • Measurement of one aspect can often represent the overall business scenario.

    • Organizations should establish a balanced view to analyze the measurements and draw the right conclusion.

    Correct Answer
    A. Organizations should establish a balanced view to analyze the measurements and draw the right conclusion.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that organizations should establish a balanced view to analyze the measurements and draw the right conclusion. This means that simply defining good measurements is not enough for business improvement. Differences in measurements can lead to confrontation within the organization, so they should not be avoided. Additionally, the measurement of one aspect may not always represent the overall business scenario. Therefore, it is important for organizations to consider multiple measurements and perspectives in order to make informed decisions and draw accurate conclusions.

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  • 28. 

    Which model is used by Desired State Configuration (DSC) for specifying the configuration of systems?

    • Declarative

    • Imperative

    • Procedural

    • Sequential

    Correct Answer
    A. Declarative
    Explanation
    DSC uses the declarative model for specifying the configuration of systems. In this model, the desired state of the system is defined without specifying the steps or procedures to achieve that state. Instead, the system is responsible for figuring out the necessary steps to reach the desired state. This allows for a more flexible and efficient approach to configuration management, as it focuses on the end result rather than the specific actions required to get there.

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  • 29. 

    Which statement does NOT define DevOps?

    • DevOps is a framework and job title that focuses on structured processes to organize flow between the Development and Operations teams.

    • DevOps is a movement or practice that emphasizes collaboration and communication of both software developers and other Information Technology (IT) professionals.

    • DevOps is about experiences, ideas, and culture.

    • DevOps is an activity of optimizing the development-to- operations value stream by creating an increasingly smooth, fast flow of application changes from development into operations.

    Correct Answer
    A. DevOps is a framework and job title that focuses on structured processes to organize flow between the Development and Operations teams.
    Explanation
    The given statement does not define DevOps because DevOps is not just a framework and job title, but rather a movement or practice that emphasizes collaboration and communication between software developers and other IT professionals. DevOps is about experiences, ideas, and culture, and it involves optimizing the development-to-operations value stream by creating a smooth and fast flow of application changes.

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  • 30. 

    Which component provides the first feedback on the quality of committed application code changes?

    • Automated Provisioning

    • Automated Build

    • Automated Test

    • Automated Deployment

    Correct Answer
    A. Automated Build
    Explanation
    The automated build component provides the first feedback on the quality of committed application code changes. This is because the automated build process involves compiling and building the code, which can help identify any syntax errors or other issues in the code. By running automated builds, developers can quickly detect and address any problems in their code changes, ensuring that the application is built correctly and functions as expected. This feedback is essential for maintaining the overall quality and stability of the application.

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  • 31. 

    Which is the typical sequence of tests when testing new software?

    • Functional tests, system tests, unit tests, UI tests

    • UI tests, functional tests, system tests, Unit tests

    • System tests, unit tests, functional tests, UI tests

    • Unit tests, system tests, functional tests, UI tests

    Correct Answer
    A. Unit tests, system tests, functional tests, UI tests
    Explanation
    The typical sequence of tests when testing new software starts with Unit tests, which are conducted to test individual units or components of the software. After that, System tests are performed to test the software as a whole, ensuring that all components work together correctly. Then, Functional tests are conducted to verify if the software meets the specified requirements and functions as intended. Finally, UI tests are performed to test the user interface and ensure that it is user-friendly and responsive. This sequence allows for a systematic and comprehensive testing approach, starting from the smallest units and progressing to the overall functionality and user experience.

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  • 32. 

    Which activity helps lowering risk during development as customer feedback is embedded into the design process?

    • Test Automation

    • Snapshot Deployment

    • Story Mapping

    • Value Stream Mapping

    Correct Answer
    A. Story Mapping
    Explanation
    Story Mapping helps lower risk during development as it involves creating a visual representation of the user stories or features in a prioritized order. This allows the development team to have a clear understanding of the overall product vision and the user's perspective. By embedding customer feedback into the design process through story mapping, the team can identify potential issues, gather feedback, and make necessary adjustments early on, reducing the risk of developing a product that does not meet customer expectations.

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  • 33. 

    In a microservices architecture, what is the primary challenge when implementing distributed tracing?

    • High storage costs for logs

    • Lack of standardized tracing protocols

    • Inability to capture logs from all services

    • Incompatibility with CI/CD pipelines

    Correct Answer
    A. Lack of standardized tracing protocols
    Explanation
    In a microservices architecture, the primary challenge when implementing distributed tracing is the lack of standardized tracing protocols. Distributed tracing in microservices environments is complex because each microservice might be written in a different language or use distinct libraries for logging. This lack of standardization makes it difficult to correlate traces across services. Unlike monolithic applications, where a single trace can be followed, microservices require a common tracing framework. Without this standard, managing and analyzing traces across multiple services becomes fragmented, leading to difficulties in debugging and monitoring performance. Solutions like OpenTelemetry attempt to address this problem, but adoption is still evolving.

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  • 34. 

    In Kubernetes, how does the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) determine when to scale out a deployment?

    • Based on a fixed schedule set in the manifest file

    • By monitoring CPU and memory usage against defined thresholds

    • By checking the number of incoming HTTP requests

    • By analyzing the cluster’s node count

    Correct Answer
    A. By monitoring CPU and memory usage against defined thresholds
    Explanation
    In Kubernetes, the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) determines when to scale out a deployment by monitoring CPU and memory usage against defined thresholds. HPA in Kubernetes relies on real-time metrics, primarily CPU and memory usage, to make scaling decisions. When a pod's resource consumption exceeds or falls below a defined threshold, the HPA scales the pods to meet demand. This mechanism is based on observed performance metrics rather than manual triggers or static rules, ensuring that the system adapts dynamically to traffic or workload changes. By calculating the required resources to maintain optimal performance, HPA prevents overutilization or underutilization, ensuring efficient resource management and application performance.

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  • 35. 

    In GitOps, which principle ensures that infrastructure changes are automatically applied when the declared state differs from the actual state?

    • Idempotency

    • Convergence

    • Reconciliation

    • Declarative Configuration

    Correct Answer
    A. Reconciliation
    Explanation
    In GitOps, the principle that ensures infrastructure changes are automatically applied when the declared state differs from the actual state is reconciliation. Reconciliation is the core mechanism in GitOps, where the declared state of infrastructure is stored in a Git repository. Any changes to the desired state in Git are automatically applied to the system. The reconciliation process continuously compares the declared state with the actual state of the infrastructure. If a discrepancy is found, GitOps tools, like ArgoCD or Flux, initiate the necessary actions to reconcile the system’s current state with the desired state. This ensures consistency and enables automated, reliable, and auditable infrastructure management, making GitOps a powerful tool for infrastructure as code.

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Godwin Iheuwa |MS (Computer Science) |
Database Administrator
Godwin Iheuwa, a Database Administrator at MTN Nigeria, holds an MS in Computer Science, specializing in Agile Methodologies and Database Administration from the University of Bedfordshire and a Bachelor's in Computer Science from the University of Port Harcourt. His proficiency in SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) and SQL Server Management Studio contributes to his expertise in database management.

Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Jan 31, 2025 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Jan 31, 2025
    Quiz Edited by
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    Expert Reviewed by
    Godwin Iheuwa
  • Oct 17, 2018
    Quiz Created by
    Pragati

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