Developmental Reading And Language

This question is asking about the factors that determine what "pk" is. The correct answer is "using background and experiences." This means that "pk" is determined by both the person's background and their experiences. It suggests that a person's knowledge and understanding of a certain topic or subject is shaped by their educational background as well as the practical experiences they have had in that field.

Phonemic awareness refers to the understanding that words are made up of individual sounds, known as phonemes. It involves recognizing and manipulating these sounds in spoken language. This knowledge is crucial for developing reading and spelling skills as it helps children understand the relationship between letters and sounds. By recognizing that words are composed of sounds, individuals can better decode and encode words, leading to improved reading and writing abilities.

The major reason students need to learn to use reading strategies is to better construct meaning independently. By learning reading strategies, students are able to comprehend and interpret texts more effectively on their own. This allows them to develop critical thinking skills, make connections, and draw conclusions without relying heavily on external assistance. This independence in constructing meaning enhances their overall reading comprehension and empowers them to become more self-reliant learners.

When a teacher is using modeling and thinking, they are engaging in direct instruction or explicit instruction. This teaching method involves the teacher demonstrating a skill or concept and providing clear explanations and examples for students to understand. By modeling and thinking aloud, the teacher helps students develop their own problem-solving skills and critical thinking abilities. This approach is effective in guiding students through complex tasks and ensuring they grasp the subject matter.

Core instruction refers to an essential component of a comprehensive literacy program that is necessary for all students. It involves teaching students the fundamental skills and strategies they need to become proficient readers and writers. This includes instruction on phonics, vocabulary, comprehension, and fluency. Core instruction ensures that all students receive the necessary foundation to succeed in reading and writing, regardless of their individual abilities or backgrounds.

The correct answer is "individuals understand what they read as it relates to what they already know." This statement aligns with the concept of schema theory, which suggests that individuals interpret and comprehend new information by connecting it to their existing knowledge and experiences. By activating relevant schemas or mental frameworks, individuals can make sense of new information and better understand its meaning and significance. This process allows readers to fill in gaps, make inferences, and construct a coherent understanding of the text.

Core instruction refers to the essential and fundamental components of a literacy program that are necessary for all students. It is the foundational instruction that is required for all students to develop their reading and literacy skills. This includes the basic skills, strategies, and concepts that are necessary for students to become proficient readers. Core instruction ensures that all students receive the necessary support and instruction to meet grade-level expectations and achieve academic success in literacy.

The correct answer states that in the introducing the lesson part of a literacy lesson, background knowledge, including key vocabulary, is activated, assessed, and developed, and students set purposes for reading. This means that the teacher helps the students to recall and connect their prior knowledge to the topic, assesses their understanding of key vocabulary, and further develops their background knowledge. Additionally, the students are encouraged to set specific purposes for reading, which helps them to engage with the text and focus on what they want to gain from it.

The KWL (Know, Want to know, Learned) technique would be the best for helping students activate their prior knowledge when reading a science text. This technique encourages students to think about what they already know about the topic, what they want to learn, and then reflect on what they have learned after reading the text. It helps students make connections between their prior knowledge and the new information they are about to encounter, enhancing their comprehension and engagement with the text.

The concepts and vocabulary acquired by a student before learning something new are referred to as prior knowledge. This refers to the information and understanding a student already possesses, which can be used as a foundation for building new knowledge and making connections. Prior knowledge plays a crucial role in learning as it helps students make sense of new information and deepen their understanding of a subject. Fluency refers to the ability to read or speak a language smoothly and accurately, while decoding refers to the process of translating written or printed text into spoken words.

A teacher would use the process of think aloud to share the cognitive process one goes through in a given situation. By verbalizing their thoughts and problem-solving strategies, the teacher provides students with insight into how to approach a task or problem. This helps students understand the thinking process and learn from the teacher's expertise. Additionally, it encourages students to engage in critical thinking and reflection, as they are prompted to think aloud and discuss their own thoughts and reasoning.

Adequate Yearly Progress refers to the expected amount of growth that a student should make over the course of a school year. It is a measure used to assess whether a student is meeting academic standards and making sufficient progress towards achieving grade-level proficiency. This concept helps educators and policymakers track student performance and determine if schools are meeting the educational needs of their students.

The major use of predictable text is to introduce authentic literature and provide practice through repeated readings for shared and read aloud purposes. This means that predictable text can be used to expose readers to real and engaging literature while also allowing them to practice reading skills through repeated readings. By combining these two purposes, predictable text serves as a valuable tool in literacy instruction.

The term "benchmark" is often used interchangeably with the term "standard" because both refer to a point of reference or a level of quality that is used for comparison or evaluation. In various contexts, such as education or business, benchmarks are set to measure progress or performance against a predetermined standard. Therefore, benchmark is the correct answer as it aligns with the interchangeable usage of the term "standard".

Expository text refers to a type of writing that aims to inform or explain a particular topic or subject. It is different from narrative or descriptive text, as it focuses on presenting facts, concepts, and ideas in a clear and concise manner. Therefore, having knowledge about text structure, organization, and comprehension strategies is essential when dealing with expository texts. This type of text is commonly found in textbooks, news articles, and informational websites, and it plays a crucial role in expanding one's understanding and knowledge about various subjects.

A semantic map would be the best strategy to use when students need to see the relationship among ideas as a part of their pk. A semantic map is a visual tool that helps students organize and connect information by using diagrams or graphic organizers. It allows students to identify key concepts, relationships, and connections between ideas, helping them to better understand and remember the information. This strategy promotes critical thinking skills and encourages students to actively engage with the material.

The correct answer is "story line." This is because narrative text refers to a type of writing that tells a story or recounts a series of events. The story line refers to the plot or the sequence of events that make up the narrative. It includes the main events, conflicts, and resolutions that occur in the story. Therefore, the story line is an essential element of narrative text.

Inferencing involves drawing conclusions or making judgments based on available information or clues. Judging is a clear example of inferencing as it involves forming an opinion or making a decision based on evidence or observations.