Development

1. Studies of culture and socioeconomic status can be separated.

True

False

2. When does fantasy play develop?

At 1

Between 2 and 3

At age 4

In middle childhood

3. What is the most common speech impairment?

Lisp

Stuttering

4. In the discussion of current assumptions about pain in hospital care, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

Children can remember and describe painful events

Pain medication is bad/sedation is harmful to children

Pain and anxiety are different and should be treated differently

There are effective strategies to manage pain and anxiety

5. Metalinguistic awareness is wen the child can engage in introsepctive tasks that reflect one's knowledge of language.

True

False

6. The set of values, beliefs, attitudes, and customs shared by a group of people is:

Culture

Cohort

Personality

7. Attaining positive developmental outcomes despite a poor caregiving environment is:

Resiliency

Plasticity

Vulnerability

Understanding

8. What does figure group perception allow?

Memory

Isolation of a specific stimulus from background

To look at the whole picture

9. Physical growth in the preschool years is typically:

Slow, with a gain of 1-2 lbs a year

Rapid, gaining 5-7 lbs a year

Not important

10. Typical social development of 10-12 year old children includes:

The teacher is often a significant role model

The child may begin to challenge parental authority

The child still relies on family for security and emotional support

All of the above

11. The ability to make postural adjustments in anticipation of the tasks is called:

Co-incidence anticipation

Static equilibrium

Anticipatory postural control

Somatosensory dominance

12. The therpist should be aware that the adolescent might be particularly sensitive to:

Having to dis-robe

Anything that makes them "different"

Criticism

All of the above

13. A mother is reported because she is not providing adequate food and clothing for her children. When follow-up is done, there is substantiation that she has inadequate financial resources. The resolution is:

Children removed from home due to neglect

Children removed from home due to abuse

Social services agencies become involved for assistance

None of the above

14. What is augmentive/alternative communication?

The acquisition of a 2nd language early in communication.

A means to proveide communication in another form of expressive output.

Using a voice box.

15. Chronic sorrow is:

Occurs when parents encounter limitations from their child's enduring impairments

Experienced by the child within society

Seen when children are separated in the classroom

None of the above

16. All of the following, except one, are predictors in the child responds to hospitalization:

Child's age

Parent's age

Previous hospitalization

Length of stay

Parent's anxiety effects the child, not the age.

Explanation

Parent's anxiety effects the child, not the age.

17. When is cooing typical?

1 month

2 months

6 months

8 months

18. Which of the following is not a use of a cultural schema:

Supports families during stressful time

Recognizes unique strengths of family and coping

Helps to reunify a family after child abuse allegations

19. If the event occurred more than 5 minutes ago, it is considered:

Immediate memory

Short-term memory

Long-term memory

20. The sense that one can influence the people and events within one's environment is called:

Self esteem

Self efficacy

Positive reinforcement

Plasticity

21. Bower proposed that the process of memory consists of these three steps:

Immediate, short term, or working and long term

Sensory, immediate and recall

Short term, semantic, logistic

Immediate, long term, perceptual

22. Children need to have rules and limits set for them because:

They do not care whether they have reached adult expectations

Metacognitive skills have not yet well developed

They are incapable of following rules

Perform best when they realize they have little power

23. Common consequences of hospitalization in childhood are:

Developmental acceleration and enhanced energy level for several days

Sleeping for long periods upon return from their hospital

Anxiety, nightmares and developmental regression for up to 2 weeks after hospitalization

Increased motivation and independence toward recovery for up to a month after hospitalization

24. From both adolescent and child abuse lectures, you should conclude that the best way to prevent violence is:

School programs emphasixing positive behavior

Avoid modeling violence, esp. in the home

Strong and swift punishment for violent behaviors

After-school programs to keep kids off the streets

25. In the reading, regular performance of IADLs in adolescence contributes to their:

Financial independence

Success in school

Self-definition

Interest in extra-curricular activities

26. The shaken baby syndrome:

Is due to white matter shearing

Occurs when the head is moved repetitively between flexion and extension

Can result in CNS damage or death

All of the above

27. How many words does the child have by 2-3 years?

200-400

50-330

100-200

500

28. Temperament and personality is:

Global mental function

Specific mental function

29. Which of the following stages does a child not pass through in learning to acquire a new skill?

Exploratory activity

Purposeful play

Perceptual learning

Skill Achievement

30. Child abuse may ofter occur in situations of:

Environmental risk

Biologic risk

Both A&B

Neither AorB

31. According to the text, the psychometric measurement of intelligence in the form of an IQ is:

Support by very convincing evidence that IQ accurately predicts many aspects of child and adult function

Is outdated and of little use in predicting functional outcomes

Is most useful in understanding the congitively impaired

None

32. Chronic sorrow is:

A perceptual part of parenting a child with enduring impairments

Experienced by the child as he or she reaches the age of maturity without functioning independently in society

Causd by inclusion in classroom environments with typically developing children

None

33. According to class materials, the predominate health issues in the school aged child are:

Joint and musculoskeletal injuries

Stress and obesity

Cardiovascular problems

All

34. When a child on your caseload has troubles behavior they should be referred to support. Troubled behavior is defined as:

Problem behavior in response to extraordinary

Unusual behavior in response to distress in the home

Occasional unusual or destructive actions

Persistent challenging behaviors the interfere with therapy

35. To establish a sound working relationship with an adolescent, the therapist should:

Establish a rigid program with careful record-keeping

Work primarily through the parents

Involve the youth in goals and treatment planning

All

36. Which of the following domains of development is least affected by cultural practice?

Attachment and relationships

Temperament and communication style

Motor development

Socialization

37. What are the rules for conversations and talking known as?

Syntax

Semantics

Pragmatics

Morphology

38. Having a child with a developmental disability is an example of:

A developmental crisis

A situational crisis

A personality disorder

39. Boundaries, in family systems theories, are:

Lines of acceptable behavior

Lines of demarcation between individuals who are inside or outside of the subsystem

Emotional bonding

None of the above

40. The growing awareness of other children and their abilites, as seen in middle childhood, is called:

Peer referencing

Associative learning

Goodness of fit

Metacognition

41. Culture is:

Innate

Biologically inherited

Learned patterns of behavior

42. Humans have the capacity to change. This is termed:

Resiliency

Plasticity

Metacognition

Shapeability

43. What three things are necessary for mastery motivation?

A stimulus, repetition to objects, opportunities for success

The freedom to initiate activities, access and repetition to objects, opportunities for success

Ability to act, perceive, and initiate

44. What is the most common cause of pain in kids?

Injury

Stress

Anxiety

Headache

45. What is border work?

When the sexes interact

When people don't fit in on the inside

Being part of the cool group

46. Which of the following is not included in Weiner's theory of attributions?

Internal vs. external

Stable vs. unstable

Easy vs. hard

Controllable vs. uncontrollable

47. Which of the following is not represented in the legal definition of child abuse?

Physical injury

Sexual abuse

Neglect primarily due to lack of financial means

Neglect not due to lack of financial means

48. At 24 months, a child:

Has a 150-300 word vocabulary and is understood 50% of the time

Has a 150-300 word vocabulary and is understood 75% of the time

Has 100-200 words made up largely of nominals

Has a 400-600 word vocabulary

49. Which of the following is true of childhood behavior?

Most children behave in ususual or undesirable ways

Most require little discipline and structure

Most perform best when an adult directs and controls the activity

50. Theorists Bowlby and Ainsowrth were leaders in exploring:

Temperament and learning styles

Linking language development to the development and cognition

Development of cognitive maps to aid problem solving

Infant-pattern attachment as a feature in emotional development

51. The age groups of children at greatest risk for distress and anxiety while hospitalized is:

0-1

2-4

5-8

Age does not predict rosk

52. During middle childhood, the aceeptance of the world beyond the family relies on normal emotional attachement. Insecure attachement may result in:

Positive self-esteem and excellent communication skills

Sleep disorders, depression, and cognitive impairments

Anger at parents and rebellion against authority

Over-achievement and perfectionism

53. Bruner's theory of congitive development introduced the idea of:

Stages in cognitive development

Linking language development to the development of cognition

Development of cognitive maps to aid problem solving

Morality as a cognitive function that includes sequential skill acquisition

54. All of the following are true of bilingualism except:

It can lead to greater cognitive flexibility.

It can lead to greater metalinguistic awareness.

It is the use of more than one language.

It may improve scores on IQ tests

French is the 2nd most common language in the US.

Nope, spanish is.

Explanation

Nope, spanish is.

55. Which of the following is most associate with adult success?

High levels of childhood industry

Intelligence

Family background

Congitive domain

56. Which of the following is not true of cognitive maps?

They aid in memory

They are a part of metacognition

They are mental images about spatial relationships

Integrate linear reasoning with spatial perception

57. Bruner's theory of congitive development introduced the idea of:

Stages in cognitive development

Linking language development to the development of cognition

Development of cognitive maps to aid problem solving

Morality as a cognitive function that includes sequential skill acquisition

58. All of the following are examples of emotional development in the 4-5 year old, except:

Their emotions are short-lived and extreme, with mood swings being common

They may have imaginary friends

They need to fell important and worthwhile

They are learning to take turns and share

That is in the 3-4 year period, as is: self-referential emotions, encouragement, fearful and anxious emotions, need rules, enjoy dramatic play with other children

Explanation

That is in the 3-4 year period, as is: self-referential emotions, encouragement, fearful and anxious emotions, need rules, enjoy dramatic play with other children

59. All of the following are true of 12 years old, except:

It is the age when we are aware of conscience.

It is the age where kids start thinking about careers realistically.

It is the age when we become interested in opposite sex.

It is the age when we can be blamed for our decisions accurately.

It is when we can begin to carry out household chores.

That is at age 10.

Explanation

That is at age 10.

60. There is a unified theory that explains language acquisition.

True

False

61. A child's success in the early primary school yeras correlates highly with:

Nutritional status

High school graduation

Sports participation

Gender role identity

62. Boundaries, in family systems theory, are:

A description of emotional bodning within members of the subsystem

The differentiation of individuals who are inside or outside the family subsystem

Limits of acceptable behavior

Non

63. Children with congenital neuromuscular impairments are at greatest risk for depression during which period:

0-1

3-4

6-7

All of the above

64. The model of optimal development for adolescents includes which of the following outcomes:

Adolescents will be alive, healthy, physically mature, and engage in health enhancing behaviors

Adolescents will possess the social skills and maturity to engage in positive interaction with others

They will be aware of their skills and have developed employment potential

All of the above

65. Occupational and physical therapists are:

Obligated by mandatory reporting

Obligated to collect evidence about child abuse if suspected

Obligated to counsel the family

Obligated to remove the child from the house

66. The policy which tends to drive the Child Protective System since the 1980s is:

Safety first

Get the child out

Family reunification

Promote adoption

67. A 28 week gestation baby is now 3 months old. That baby is:

3 months adjusted

Newborn adjusted age

Newborn chronologic age

None of the above

68. What is morphology of language the study of?

Word structure

The implied meaning

Non-verbal communication

69. Bullying and teasing occurs in middle childhood and the focus is often on:

Children of the same gender, associated with gender role learning

Child with few friends and little social support

Younger, poorly supervised children

All of the above

70. Playfulness is a characteristic of human behavior that is:

Extrinsically motivated and goal directed

Socially motivated and based on reality for the practice of social acceptable rules

Intrinsically motivated and involves the idea to suspend reality

Follows a typical developmental sequence and decreases into adulthood

71. Children with asynchronous development are at risk for:

Developing learned helplessness

Developing a sensory integration disorder

Developmental disability

All of the above

72. The basic concept of sensory integration theory is that:

Mental functions depend upon adequate organization of sensory info

Sensory influences patterns of movement, but not patterns of thought

Info must be received through multiple systems for learning to occur

73. Cultural schemas consist of the following, except one, and attempt to predict social interaction?

Role

Person,

Categorical

Event

Self

74. By what age are postural responses similar to those of adults?

5

6

7

8

75. What is the most serious illness in middle childhood?

Asthma

Common Cold

Flu

Depression

76. At what time period does the emergence of the 1st true words occur?

6 mos

8-10 mos

12-18 mos

2 years

77. The Education of the Handicapped Acts of 1986 mandates:

Interdisciplinary assessment of all preschool children prior to entering school

School exemptions that allow handicapped children to remain at home with education services, rather than attending public school

Access to free school lunches and bus service for all children

Special education and related to services with disabilities, from ages 3 to 5

78. Which of the following is not a common indicator of child abuse:

Unexplained bruises or injuries

Clear emotional differentiation between familiar and unfamiliar adults

Children are over active and non compliant

Children have a flat or guarded affect

79. What did Ainsworth and Bowlby study?

Cognitive maps

Language acquisition

Temperament

Early social attachment

80. At what age do children begin to separate motor actions from emotional responses?

3

4

5

6

81. What are the three major developmental thrusts in middle childhood, according to Havinghurst:

Thrust out of home into peer group

Thrust into academic achievement

Physical thrust into games and work

Mental thrusts into adult concepts, etc.

82. The ability to take into account multiple aspects of a situation is known as:

Centralizing

Embedding

Decentering

Plasticity

83. Which of the following is not one of the four basic steps in memory?

Perception

Encoding

Embedding

Storage

Retrieval

84. To develop social competence in the preschool and primary school child with developmental delays, the therapist should:

Actively involve the parents as helpers in all therapy sessions

Assign tasks for the child to perform independently without adult supervision

Require the children to perform tasks by themselves while closely supervised

Encourage stress management techniques in therapy and classroom settings

85. The theory of violence in adolescence that relates to the desire for power and prestige is:

Non-integration theory

Limited opportunities

Reputation theory

Labeling theory

86. Which of the following injuries on a child might be a reason to suspect abuse?

Repeated fractures, especially under the age of 2

Burns on the torso of an 18-month old

Burns on the back and feet of an 18 month old

A and C

87. When is body concept well developed?

2 years

3 years

4 years

88. At what age is the highest risk for preoperative anxiety?

1-5

5-6

7-8

10+

89. Typically, the child had internalize morality and the ideas of conscience by what age?

6

8

10

12

90. In Kohlberg's stages, what stage are children in middle childhood located?

Conventional Morality

Postconventional Morality

Preconventional morality

Stages 1 & 2

C & D