Das 135: Intraoral And Extraoral Imaging(Chpt.39,40,41,42)

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1. A patient must remove earrings and eye glasses prior to having a panoramic radiograph taken.

Explanation

Prior to having a panoramic radiograph taken, it is necessary for a patient to remove earrings and eye glasses. This is because earrings and eye glasses can interfere with the imaging process and may obstruct the clear view of the patient's oral and facial structures that the radiograph aims to capture. By removing these accessories, the radiograph can provide a more accurate and detailed image, allowing for better diagnosis and treatment planning.

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Das 135: Intraoral And Extraoral Imaging(Chpt.39,40,41,42) - Quiz

DAS 135 focuses on intraoral and extraoral imaging techniques, assessing knowledge on film types, radiographic methods, and safety protocols. It's vital for dental assistants mastering diagnostic imaging skills.

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2. A panoramic radiograph will allow the dentist to view the entire dentition and related structures on one film.

Explanation

A panoramic radiograph is a type of dental X-ray that captures a wide view of the entire dentition and related structures in a single image. This allows the dentist to assess the overall condition of the teeth, jawbone, and surrounding tissues without the need for multiple X-rays. It provides a comprehensive view and helps in detecting various dental issues such as impacted teeth, cysts, tumors, and bone abnormalities. Therefore, the statement that a panoramic radiograph allows the dentist to view the entire dentition and related structures on one film is true.

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3. Bitewing radiographs are used to show interproximal caries, early periodontal disease, and recurrent decay under restorations.

Explanation

Bitewing radiographs are commonly used in dentistry to detect interproximal caries, which are cavities that form between the teeth. These radiographs are also helpful in identifying early signs of periodontal disease, such as bone loss and changes in the gum tissue. Additionally, bitewing radiographs can reveal recurrent decay that may be occurring underneath dental restorations, such as fillings or crowns. Therefore, it is true that bitewing radiographs are used to show interproximal caries, early periodontal disease, and recurrent decay under restorations.

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4. Number 2 film is commonly used for adult bitewing radiographs.

Explanation

Film number 2 is commonly used for adult bitewing radiographs because it provides a higher resolution and better image quality compared to other film sizes. This film size is ideal for capturing detailed images of the posterior teeth and detecting any signs of decay or dental problems. Using film number 2 ensures that the dentist can accurately diagnose and treat any dental issues in adult patients.

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5. A periapical radiograph pictures the entire tooth and surrounding areas.

Explanation

A periapical radiograph is a type of dental X-ray that captures an image of the entire tooth, including the root and surrounding structures such as the bone and tissues. This type of radiograph is commonly used to diagnose and monitor dental conditions such as tooth decay, infections, and abnormalities. Therefore, the statement that a periapical radiograph pictures the entire tooth and surrounding areas is true.

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6. Factors that can affect the quality of dental radiographs include:

Explanation

The quality of dental radiographs can be affected by various factors including film sensor placement, exposure, and processing. Proper placement of the film sensor is crucial for obtaining clear and accurate images. Exposure refers to the amount of radiation used, which can impact the clarity and detail of the radiograph. Additionally, the processing of the radiograph plays a significant role in determining its quality. Therefore, all of the mentioned factors can affect the quality of dental radiographs.

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7. If the patient is in a wheelchair, doesn't have use of his or her upper limbs, and a film sensor holder cannot be used to stabilize the film sensor, you should do which of the following?     

Explanation

If the patient is in a wheelchair, unable to use their upper limbs, and a film sensor holder cannot be used, the best option is to ask the patient's caregiver to assist in holding the film sensor. This ensures that the film sensor remains stable during the procedure and allows for accurate imaging. Holding the film sensor in the patient's mouth while pressing the exposure button or asking the caregiver to press the exposure button can lead to incorrect positioning and potential harm to the patient. Turning the wheelchair on its side is not a viable option as it can cause injury to the patient and disrupt the procedure.

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8. Radiographs on edentulous patients are not necessary.

Explanation

THEY ARE necessary, the doctor needs to see if there are any retained root tips.

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9. The _____ technique is recommended by the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and the American Association of Dental Schools, because it provides the most accurate image with the least amount of radiation exposure to the patient.

Explanation

The paralleling technique is recommended by the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and the American Association of Dental Schools because it provides the most accurate image with the least amount of radiation exposure to the patient. This technique involves placing the film parallel to the long axis of the tooth and using a beam alignment device to ensure proper angulation. This results in a more accurate representation of the tooth and surrounding structures, while minimizing radiation exposure.

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10. An intraoral full-mouth survey (FMX) on an adult consists of _____ images.

Explanation

An intraoral full-mouth survey (FMX) on an adult typically consists of 18 to 20 images. This includes 10 periapical images and 2 bitewing images, as well as 4 anterior images and 8 posterior images.

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11. Which teeth are included in the anterior set of images?

Explanation

The anterior set of teeth refers to the front teeth in the mouth. These include the incisors and canines. The premolars and molars are located towards the back of the mouth and are not part of the anterior set of teeth. Therefore, the correct answer is canines and incisors.

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12. The CBCT is useful in helping the dentist:     

Explanation

The correct answer is "all of the above." CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) is a useful tool for dentists in various procedures. It helps in deciding the correct placement of implants by providing a 3D image of the patient's jawbone, allowing the dentist to accurately plan the implant placement. CBCT also aids in extractions of impacted teeth by providing detailed information about the position and orientation of the impacted tooth. Additionally, it helps determine the exact location of the mandibular nerve before surgery, reducing the risk of nerve damage. Therefore, all of the given options are correct uses of CBCT in dentistry.

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13. Occlusal radiographs are used to locate retained roots, supernumerary teeth, salivary stones, and fractures.

Explanation

Occlusal radiographs are a type of dental X-ray that provide a comprehensive view of the upper and lower jaw. They are commonly used to identify various dental conditions such as retained roots, supernumerary teeth (extra teeth), salivary stones, and fractures. These radiographs help dentists in diagnosing and planning appropriate treatment for these conditions. Therefore, the statement that occlusal radiographs are used to locate retained roots, supernumerary teeth, salivary stones, and fractures is true.

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14. Periapical x-rays are essential in which dental specialty?

Explanation

Periapical x-rays are essential in both endodontics and oral surgery. In endodontics, these x-rays are used to diagnose and treat issues related to the dental pulp and root canal system. They help in identifying infections, abscesses, and other abnormalities. In oral surgery, periapical x-rays are used to evaluate the condition of the teeth and surrounding structures before performing surgical procedures such as extractions or dental implants. Therefore, both endodontics and oral surgery rely on periapical x-rays for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

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15. Which of these is not an intraoral view?

Explanation

A panoramic view is not an intraoral view because it is taken outside of the mouth and captures a wide-angle image of the entire oral cavity, including the teeth, jaws, and surrounding structures. In contrast, intraoral views such as interproximal, occlusal, and periapical views are taken from inside the mouth and focus on specific areas or individual teeth.

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16. When mounting x-rays, it is important to:

Explanation

When mounting x-rays, it is important to know the anatomy of the maxilla and mandible because it helps in correctly positioning and interpreting the x-rays. Mounting the films in the order of the teeth is important for proper organization and easy reference. Labeling the mount with the patient's name and date before mounting the films is crucial for identification and record-keeping purposes. Therefore, all of the above options are important when mounting x-rays.

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17. Radiographic images on an edentulous patient might be required for:

Explanation

Radiographic images on an edentulous patient might be required for identifying objects embedded in the bone, such as foreign bodies or implants, as well as detecting retained root tips, impacted teeth, and lesions. These images can provide valuable information about the condition of the bone and surrounding structures, helping in the diagnosis and treatment planning for the patient.

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18. Which of the following are advantages of using a long position indicator device (PID)?

Explanation

A long position indicator device (PID) has several advantages. Firstly, it enables the x-ray photons to emerge in a straighter line, which helps in reducing scatter and improving image quality. Secondly, it aids in producing a more accurate image by providing a consistent and precise positioning of the x-ray tube. Thirdly, it reduces the magnification of the image, allowing for a more accurate representation of the anatomical structures. Lastly, it improves the sharpness of the image by minimizing blurring caused by motion or improper positioning. Therefore, all of the given options are advantages of using a long PID.

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19. A ghost image will appear _____ than normal and on the _____ side of the image.     

Explanation

When a ghost image appears, it is usually larger in size compared to the normal image. Additionally, the ghost image appears on the opposite side of the original image.

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20. The bitewing view is used for detecting:

Explanation

The bitewing view is a type of dental X-ray that is commonly used to detect both periodontal disease and interproximal decay. Periodontal disease refers to infections and inflammation of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth, while interproximal decay refers to cavities that form between the teeth. By using the bitewing view, dentists can get a clear image of these areas and identify any issues or abnormalities. Therefore, the correct answer is both b and c.

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21. When choosing the time for radiographic exposure, which of the following should be taken into consideration?

Explanation

When choosing the time for radiographic exposure, all of the above factors should be taken into consideration. The receptor speed refers to the sensitivity of the imaging device and affects the exposure time needed. The projection being taken determines the specific positioning and technique required, which can influence the exposure time. Patient size and stature can affect the positioning and technique used, as well as the exposure time needed. Lastly, whether the patient is a child or an adult can also impact the positioning, technique, and exposure time required. Therefore, all of these factors should be considered when determining the time for radiographic exposure.

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22. The bitewing view shows the:

Explanation

The bitewing view is a type of dental X-ray that provides a detailed image of the crowns and interproximal areas (the areas between the teeth) of both the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth. Additionally, it also shows the crestal bone, which is the bone that surrounds and supports the teeth. Therefore, the correct answer is "both A and C" as the bitewing view captures both the crowns and interproximal areas of the teeth as well as the crestal bone.

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23. The ______ used in the panoramic x-ray machine tubehead is a lead plate with an opening shaped like a narrow vertical slit.     

Explanation

A collimator is used in the panoramic x-ray machine tubehead to shape the x-ray beam into a narrow vertical slit. This helps to limit the radiation exposure to the patient and ensure that only the necessary area is being imaged. The lead plate with the opening shaped like a narrow vertical slit acts as a barrier that restricts the x-ray beam to a specific shape and direction. This allows for more precise and focused imaging, improving the quality and accuracy of the panoramic x-ray.

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24. Each panoramic unit has a(n) ______ that is used to align the patient's teeth as accurately as possible.

Explanation

A head positioner is used in panoramic units to align the patient's teeth as accurately as possible. This device helps to position the patient's head in the correct position, ensuring that the images taken are clear and accurate. By using a head positioner, the dental professional can ensure that the patient's teeth are properly aligned and positioned for the best possible outcome. The head positioner is an essential tool in panoramic imaging, allowing for precise and accurate dental assessments.

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25. Incorrect vertical angulation can result in an image that is:

Explanation

Incorrect vertical angulation can result in an image that is either elongated or foreshortened. Elongation occurs when the vertical angulation is too steep, causing the image to appear stretched vertically. Foreshortening, on the other hand, happens when the vertical angulation is too shallow, causing the image to appear compressed vertically. Therefore, both options A and B are possible outcomes of incorrect vertical angulation.

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26. It is acceptable for the dental assistant to hold a film in the patient's mouth if they are unable to do so.

Explanation

It is not acceptable for a dental assistant to hold a film in the patient's mouth if they are unable to do so. This task should only be performed by the patient themselves or the dentist. Allowing a dental assistant to hold the film in the patient's mouth can increase the risk of injury or discomfort for the patient. It is important for the patient to be able to hold the film securely and comfortably in order to obtain accurate dental X-rays.

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27. Horizontal angulation is:

Explanation

Horizontal angulation refers to the side-to-side angulation of the x-ray beam when taking dental radiographs. It is an important factor in obtaining accurate and diagnostic images. The correct horizontal angulation ensures that the structures of interest are properly visualized and avoids distortion or overlap. It is different when using the paralleling and bisecting techniques because the positioning and angulation of the x-ray tube and film/sensor vary between these techniques. The central ray being parallel to the curvature of the arch is not necessarily correct as it depends on the specific tooth or area being imaged. The Stabe bite-block does not determine horizontal angulation but is used to stabilize the film/sensor during exposure.

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28. If the central ray of the x-ray beam is not centered on the film sensor, a parital image will result on the film sensor, which is called a:

Explanation

If the central ray of the x-ray beam is not centered on the film sensor, it will result in a partial image on the film sensor. This phenomenon is known as a "cone cut." A cone cut occurs when the x-ray beam does not align properly with the film, causing a portion of the image to be cut off or missing. This can happen if the x-ray machine is not properly calibrated or if the patient is not positioned correctly. Cone cuts can lead to inaccurate or incomplete diagnostic information, so it is important to ensure proper alignment of the x-ray beam with the film sensor.

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29. What is the approximate vertical angulation for most bitewing radiographic procedures?

Explanation

The approximate vertical angulation for most bitewing radiographic procedures is +10 degrees. This angulation helps to capture the interproximal areas of the teeth and detect any signs of decay or bone loss. It allows for a clear view of the crowns and the interproximal spaces, ensuring accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

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30. Advantages of panaramic imaging include which of the following?

Explanation

Panoramic imaging offers several advantages. Firstly, it allows the entire maxilla and mandible to be seen on one image, providing a comprehensive view of the dental structures. Additionally, panoramic imaging is easy and quick to learn, making it a convenient option for dental professionals. Moreover, patients prefer panoramic images as they offer a less invasive and more comfortable experience. Lastly, panoramic imaging exposes patients to less radiation compared to other imaging techniques. Therefore, all of the given statements are valid advantages of panoramic imaging.

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31. The number of x-ray views that makes a patient's full-mouth series depends on:

Explanation

The correct answer is "all of the above" because the number of x-ray views required for a patient's full-mouth series can vary depending on the dentist's preference, the number of teeth present in the patient's mouth, and the technique used (paralleling or bisecting). Each dentist may have their own preference for the number of views they want to take, and this can also be influenced by the specific needs of the patient. Additionally, the technique used can affect the number of views required as different techniques may capture different areas of the mouth.

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32. The quality of the panoramic view depends on:     

Explanation

The quality of the panoramic view depends on multiple factors. Firstly, it depends on how the patient's jaw is positioned within the focal trough. If the jaw is not properly positioned, it can result in distorted or unclear images. Secondly, the size of the patient's jaw also plays a role. A larger jaw may require adjustments in positioning to capture the entire area of interest. Lastly, how closely the patient's jaw conforms to the focal trough is important. If the jaw is not aligned properly, it can lead to overlapping or blurred images. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to the quality of the panoramic view.

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33. The focal trough is an imaginary three-dimensional curved area or space, shaped like a:

Explanation

The focal trough is an imaginary three-dimensional curved area or space that is shaped like a horseshoe. This shape is used in dental radiography to ensure that all structures within the patient's mouth are in focus. The horseshoe shape allows for a wider range of focal distances, accommodating different sizes and shapes of patients' mouths. This ensures that the resulting radiographs are clear and accurate, providing valuable information for diagnosis and treatment planning.

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34. The skill view that shows the bones of the face and skull and the soft tissue profile is the ____ projection.

Explanation

The correct answer is lateral cephalometric. This view is used in orthodontics and oral and maxillofacial surgery to evaluate the position of the bones of the face and skull, as well as the soft tissue profile. It provides a side view of the head, allowing for the analysis of facial proportions and the assessment of skeletal relationships. This projection is commonly used to diagnose and plan treatment for craniofacial abnormalities and orthodontic issues.

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35. The exposure sequence for the posterior teeth should begin with the _____ view.

Explanation

The exposure sequence for the posterior teeth should begin with the maxillary right premolar view. This is because the maxillary right premolar is located towards the front of the mouth and is easier to access compared to the other options. Starting with this view allows for a systematic approach to capturing images of the posterior teeth, moving from front to back.

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36. Which statement is true of a grid?     

Explanation

A grid is a device that is placed between the patient's head and the film during an x-ray procedure. It is designed to allow passage of the x-ray beam while absorbing scatter radiation. The lead strips on the grid help to reduce film fog caused by scatter radiation. Therefore, all of the given statements about a grid are true.

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37. When taking premolar bitewing image, the anterior edge of the film sensor should be placed:

Explanation

The correct answer is "on the distal half of the canine." When taking a premolar bitewing image, the anterior edge of the film sensor should be placed on the distal half of the canine. This positioning allows for proper visualization of the premolar region and ensures that the image captures the necessary information. Placing the film sensor in any other position may result in inadequate or inaccurate imaging of the desired area.

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38. A panoramic radiograph does not need any specialized equipment.

Explanation

A panoramic radiograph does require specialized equipment. This type of X-ray imaging technique captures a wide view of the entire mouth, including the teeth, jawbones, and surrounding structures. To obtain a panoramic radiograph, a patient must stand or sit in a specific position while the X-ray machine rotates around their head. This specialized equipment is necessary to capture the comprehensive image and provide valuable information for dental diagnoses and treatment planning.

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39. Computed tomography:     

Explanation

Computed tomography is a valuable tool in dentistry for diagnosing lesions and planning implant cases. It provides detailed images of the oral and maxillofacial region, allowing dentists to accurately assess the extent of a lesion or determine the optimal placement of dental implants. Unlike traditional x-rays, which use ionizing radiation, CT scans use a series of x-ray beams and a computer to create cross-sectional images. This reduces the patient's exposure to radiation while still providing high-quality diagnostic information. CT scanners have been widely adopted in dental offices for their effectiveness in improving patient care and treatment outcomes.

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40. The part of the unit that aligns the patients teeth as accurately as possible is the:

Explanation

The head positioner is the part of the unit that aligns the patient's teeth as accurately as possible. It helps to position the patient's head in the correct position for dental procedures, ensuring that the teeth are properly aligned for treatment. The focal trough refers to the area where the X-ray images are focused, the Frankfort plane is a reference line used to position the patient's head, and the tubehead is the part of the unit that produces the X-ray beam. However, none of these directly align the patient's teeth like the head positioner does.

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41. If the patient's chin is positioned too low during the panoramic exposure:     

Explanation

If the patient's chin is positioned too low during the panoramic exposure, both the mandibular incisors appearing blurred and the condyles not being visible can occur. This is because the incorrect positioning of the chin can affect the alignment of the teeth and the visibility of the condyles in the image.

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42. The cause of a panoramic image that comes out with a radiopaque cone-shaped artifact that interferes with the diagnostic information is the:     

Explanation

The panoramic image may have a radiopaque cone-shaped artifact that interferes with the diagnostic information if the patient's lead apron was incorrectly placed or a lead apron with a thyroid collar was used. This is because the lead apron or thyroid collar can block or scatter the X-ray beam, resulting in the artifact on the image.

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43. The exposure controls allow the _____ to be adjusted on the panoramic x-ray unit, to accommodate patients of different sizes.     

Explanation

The exposure controls on a panoramic x-ray unit allow the milliamperage and kilovoltage to be adjusted. This is necessary to accommodate patients of different sizes because different patients may require different levels of radiation exposure. By adjusting the milliamperage and kilovoltage, the operator can control the intensity and quality of the x-ray beam, ensuring that each patient receives the appropriate amount of radiation for their specific needs.

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44. According to the guidelines for film placement, which of the following is true?     

Explanation

The correct answer is that the identification dot on the film is always placed in the slot of the film holder. This is because the identification dot helps to determine the orientation of the radiograph and ensure that it is correctly positioned. Placing the dot in the slot of the film holder allows for consistent and accurate placement of the film during dental imaging procedures.

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45. Vertical angulation:

Explanation

The correct answer is "all of the above" because vertical angulation can indeed differ according to the technique being used, it refers to the up and down plane, and it can be determined in degrees marked on the outside of the tubehead. So, all of these statements are true and contribute to the explanation of the correct answer.

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46. Incorrect horizontal angulation of the PID results in:

Explanation

Incorrect horizontal angulation of the PID (Position-Indicating Device) refers to the misalignment of the X-ray beam in relation to the teeth being imaged. This misalignment causes the contact areas between adjacent teeth to overlap in the resulting image. Overlapped contact areas can make it difficult to accurately assess the condition of individual teeth and identify any potential issues, such as cavities or dental decay, in those areas. Therefore, the correct answer is overlapped contact areas.

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47. When taking periapical images, it is best to start with anterior images because:

Explanation

When taking periapical images, it is best to start with anterior images because patients are less likely to gag with anterior film sensor placement and they can tolerate the film sensor size easier.

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48. The major difference between the paralleling technique and the bisecting technique is film sensor:

Explanation

The major difference between the paralleling technique and the bisecting technique is the placement of the film sensor. In the paralleling technique, the film sensor is placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth, while in the bisecting technique, the film sensor is placed at an angle bisecting the angle formed by the tooth and the film.

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49. A radiographic mount should always be labeled with the:

Explanation

A radiographic mount should always be labeled with the patient's name and the date the images were exposed. This is important for proper identification and organization of the radiographs. The patient's name ensures that the radiographs are correctly matched to the patient's medical records, while the date of exposure helps in tracking the timeline of the images. Including the operator's name is not necessary for labeling the radiographic mount. The date the images were processed is also not required as it does not provide relevant information for the radiographs.

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50. The bisecting technique is preferred because it provides a more accurate image of the teeth.

Explanation

The paralleling technique is the PREFERRED.

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51. The number of bitewing films needed is based on the curvature of the arch and the:

Explanation

The number of bitewing films needed is determined by the number of teeth present in the posterior areas. Bitewing films are used to capture images of the back teeth, specifically the premolars and molars. By assessing the number of teeth in these areas, the dentist can determine how many bitewing films are necessary to accurately diagnose and monitor dental conditions such as cavities or gum disease. The other factors mentioned, such as the age of the patient, size of the patient's mouth, and number of periapical x-rays taken, may influence the overall treatment plan but are not directly related to the number of bitewing films needed.

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52. The _____ technique may be used in some situations such as a small mouth, shallow palate, or the presence of tori.

Explanation

The bisecting technique may be used in some situations such as a small mouth, shallow palate, or the presence of tori. This technique involves aligning the film and the long axis of the tooth, and then angling the x-ray beam to bisect the angle formed by the film and the tooth. It is commonly used when it is difficult to place the film parallel to the tooth due to anatomical limitations.

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53. If a dark radiolucent shadow obscures the apices of the maxillary teeth, the:

Explanation

When the patient's tongue is not in contact with the palate during the exposure, it can cause a dark radiolucent shadow to obscure the apices of the maxillary teeth. This is because the tongue acts as a barrier and prevents the x-ray beam from fully penetrating the area, resulting in a shadow.

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54. Which flim holder can aid in positioning the film during an endodontic procedure, because it fits around the dam clamp and the endodontic instruments ?

Explanation

EndoRay is the correct answer because it is a film holder specifically designed for endodontic procedures. It aids in positioning the film by fitting around the dam clamp and the endodontic instruments. This ensures accurate and stable placement of the film, allowing for precise imaging during the procedure. XCP and EeZee-Grip are also film holders commonly used in dentistry, but they do not have the specific design features to accommodate endodontic instruments. Stable bite block is not a film holder and therefore not relevant to the question.

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55. When taking radiographs using film, the white side of the film is always placed:

Explanation

When taking radiographs using film, the white side of the film is always placed toward the teeth. This is because the white side of the film is the side that is sensitive to radiation and needs to be exposed to the X-rays. Placing the white side toward the teeth ensures that the X-rays pass through the teeth and interact with the film, creating an image of the teeth on the film. Placing the white side away from the teeth would result in an incorrect exposure and a poor quality radiograph.

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56. In panoramic imaging, ________ around the patient.     

Explanation

In panoramic imaging, both the film/sensor and the tubehead rotate. This is because panoramic imaging requires capturing a wide-angle image of the entire dental arch, including both the upper and lower jaws. By rotating both the film/sensor and the tubehead, a continuous image can be obtained as the X-ray beam moves around the patient's head. This rotation allows for a more comprehensive and accurate panoramic image to be captured.

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57. A periapical view shows the tooth from the occlusal surface or incisal edge to the:

Explanation

A periapical view is an X-ray that shows the entire tooth, from the occlusal surface or incisal edge to the bone about 2 to 3 mm beyond the apex. This view is used to assess the root and surrounding bone structure for any abnormalities or pathology. It provides a comprehensive image of the tooth and the surrounding bone, allowing for a thorough evaluation of the tooth's health.

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58. The bisecting technique is used:

Explanation

The bisecting technique is used when patients have small mouths or low palatal vaults. This technique allows for better positioning of the sensor or film in these cases, ensuring that the entire area of interest is captured in the image. It helps to overcome the limitations posed by anatomical variations and provides a clear and accurate image.

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59. The lead plate in the panoramic tubehead with an opening shaped like a narrow vertical slit is the:     

Explanation

The lead plate in the panoramic tubehead with an opening shaped like a narrow vertical slit is the collimator. A collimator is a device that restricts the size and shape of the X-ray beam, ensuring that only the desired area is exposed to radiation. In this case, the narrow vertical slit helps to shape the X-ray beam into a thin, focused line, allowing for more precise imaging in panoramic radiography.

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60. If the patient does not stand or sit with a straight spine:

Explanation

When the patient does not stand or sit with a straight spine, the cervical spine (located in the neck) will appear as a radiopacity in the center of the film. This means that the cervical spine will show up as a dense, white area on the X-ray, which can obscure the diagnostic information that the dentist is trying to see. This can make it difficult to accurately interpret the X-ray and identify any potential issues or abnormalities in the teeth or surrounding structures.

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61. In adults, a size #_____ intraoral film is used for the occlusal technique.

Explanation

The correct answer is 4. In adults, a size 4 intraoral film is used for the occlusal technique. The occlusal technique is used to capture images of the entire arch of teeth and surrounding structures in a single film. Size 4 intraoral films are larger in size and can accommodate the entire arch comfortably, making them suitable for this technique in adults.

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62. Which of these conditions is most commonly found during a radiographic survey of edentulous ridges?

Explanation

During a radiographic survey of edentulous ridges, the most commonly found condition is retained root tips. This refers to the situation where fragments of teeth roots remain in the jawbone after a tooth extraction. These root tips can cause discomfort, infection, or other complications if not properly addressed. Radiographic surveys are often performed to identify and assess any remaining root tips in order to plan appropriate treatment.

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63. Skull radiography is most often used in:     

Explanation

Skull radiography is most often used in oral surgery and orthodontics. This is because oral surgery often requires detailed imaging of the jaw and surrounding structures, which can be achieved through skull radiography. Similarly, orthodontics involves the assessment and treatment of dental and skeletal irregularities, and skull radiography can be helpful in evaluating the position and alignment of the teeth and jaws. Therefore, the combination of oral surgery and orthodontics is the most appropriate answer.

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64. If the patient's chin is too high during the panoramic exposure:     

Explanation

If the patient's chin is too high during the panoramic exposure, a "reverse smile line" will appear on the radiograph. This is because the positioning of the chin affects the alignment of the teeth and jaw on the radiograph. When the chin is too high, it causes an upward curvature of the smile line, resulting in a reverse smile line appearance on the radiograph. This can help in identifying the incorrect positioning of the chin during the exposure.

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65. How many standard-sized films are recommended to make a full bitewing survey of the posterior teeth?

Explanation

Four standard-sized films are recommended to make a full bitewing survey of the posterior teeth. Bitewing radiographs are commonly used in dentistry to detect cavities and monitor the health of the teeth and surrounding structures. By placing the films in specific positions in the mouth, a comprehensive view of the posterior teeth can be obtained. Using four films allows for a complete survey of the back teeth, ensuring that no areas are missed during the examination.

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66. The American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology recommends using the paralleling technique because:

Explanation

The American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology recommends using the paralleling technique because it provides the most accurate image with the least amount of radiation exposure. This technique ensures that the film sensor is positioned parallel to the teeth, resulting in a highly accurate image. Additionally, by using this technique, the film sensor is placed closer to the teeth, reducing the chance of patient gagging. Therefore, both factors contribute to the recommendation of the paralleling technique for its accuracy and patient comfort while minimizing radiation exposure.

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67. Which of the following selections is NOT correct about panoramic radiography?

Explanation

A thyroid collar is not used to protect the neck during film exposure in panoramic radiography.

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68. The alignment of the x-ray beam in the horizontal and vertical planes formed by the long axis of the teeth and the film sensor placement is referred to as:

Explanation

The correct answer is angulation. Angulation refers to the alignment of the x-ray beam in the horizontal and vertical planes formed by the long axis of the teeth and the film sensor placement. It is important to have proper angulation in order to obtain accurate and clear dental x-ray images.

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69. When using a #2 film sensor for anterior views using the paralleling technique, there are _____ anterior images.

Explanation

Three for the maxillary arch and three for the mandibular arch.

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70. The bitewing view shows the:

Explanation

The bitewing view is a dental radiographic technique that shows both the whole tooth crown to apex and the surrounding bone, as well as the crestal bone. This view provides a comprehensive image of the tooth and its surrounding structures, allowing for a thorough evaluation of dental health and any potential issues.

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71. What new feature of the panoramic unit has allowed better resolution to show better details?     

Explanation

Digital technology has allowed better resolution and the ability to show better details in panoramic units. With digital technology, images can be captured and displayed in high resolution, allowing for clearer and more detailed images of the patient's teeth and surrounding structures. This advancement in technology has improved the diagnostic capabilities of panoramic units, allowing for better detection and evaluation of dental issues.

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72. Which film size is usually required for f full mouth series on a six-year-old patient?

Explanation

A full mouth series typically refers to a set of X-rays that captures images of all the teeth in the mouth. Since the question specifies that the patient is a six-year-old, it is safe to assume that their mouth is smaller in size compared to an adult. Therefore, a smaller film size, such as #1, would be required to properly capture all the teeth in the mouth of a six-year-old patient.

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73. When the patients jaws are outside the focal trough, the resulting images are:

Explanation

When the patient's jaws are outside the focal trough, the resulting images are distorted. This is because the focal trough is the region where the X-ray beam is focused, and if the patient's jaws are not properly aligned within this region, the X-ray image will appear distorted. The distortion can make it difficult to accurately assess the patient's dental structure and may require retakes to obtain clear and accurate images.

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74. What size film sensor is used for the anterior region of the mouth?

Explanation

The question is asking about the size of the film sensor used for the anterior region of the mouth. The answer is either A or B because the size of the film sensor used in dentistry can vary depending on the specific dental procedure being performed.

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75. If the size #2 film sensor is being used, the anterior films are in the ______ position and the posterior films/sensors are in the ______ position.

Explanation

When using the size #2 film sensor, the anterior films are positioned vertically and the posterior films/sensors are positioned horizontally.

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76. How can a lead apron artifact be avoided during exposure of panoramic images?     

Explanation

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77. Which is not true of the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)?     

Explanation

The CBCT is not difficult to learn to use and does not require a lot of practice.

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78. What term describes the imaginary line between the long axis of the tooth and the film plane?

Explanation

The term that describes the imaginary line between the long axis of the tooth and the film plane is called the bisector. The bisector divides the angle formed by the long axis of the tooth and the film plane into two equal parts. This line is important in dental radiography as it helps in positioning the film accurately and obtaining clear and accurate images of the tooth.

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79. The bisecting-angle instrument (BAI) uses _____ to determine the correct PID angulation.

Explanation

The bisecting-angle instrument (BAI) uses aiming rings to determine the correct PID angulation. Aiming rings are commonly used in dental radiography to guide the positioning of the X-ray tube and ensure accurate angulation. By aligning the aiming rings with the desired angle, the dental professional can position the X-ray tube in the correct position to capture clear and accurate images.

Submit
80. When taking periapical x-rays, the patient's head is _____ for maxillary films and _____ for the mandibular arch.

Explanation

When taking periapical x-rays, the patient's head is positioned upright for maxillary films and tilted back slightly for the mandibular arch. This positioning allows for optimal visualization of the teeth and surrounding structures in each arch.

Submit
81. The American Dental Association recommends that films be mounted:

Explanation

The labial mounting method refers to the placement of dental films in the mouth so that the front side of the teeth (labial surface) faces the viewer. This method allows for easier identification and interpretation of dental structures and abnormalities. Mounting films according to the labial mounting method is recommended by the American Dental Association to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Submit
82. A patient wearing earrings or glasses must remove them before a panoramic x-ray image exposure; otherwise, a _____ will appear on the image.     

Explanation

If a patient wearing earrings or glasses does not remove them before a panoramic x-ray image exposure, it can result in a blurred area or a ghost image appearing on the image. The earrings or glasses can obstruct the x-ray beam, causing a dark area or a blurred area on the image. Additionally, the reflection of the earrings or glasses can create a ghost image, which appears as a faint duplicate image on the x-ray. Therefore, both options B and C are correct.

Submit
83. To correct an elongated image on an x-ray view, the vertical angulation needs to be:

Explanation

To correct an elongated image on an x-ray view, the vertical angulation needs to be increased. This means that the angle between the x-ray beam and the object being imaged needs to be increased. By doing so, the image will appear shorter and more proportionate. Decreasing or lowering the vertical angulation would only exacerbate the elongation, while flattening the angulation would result in a distorted image. Therefore, increasing the vertical angulation is the correct adjustment to correct the elongation.

Submit
84. Which of the following phrases is NOT consistent with production of panoramic ghost images?

Explanation

The phrase "appear on the same side as the original object" is not consistent with the production of panoramic ghost images. Panoramic ghost images typically appear on the opposite side of the original object, creating a mirrored effect.

Submit
85. For management of the patient with a gag reflex:

Explanation

The correct answer states that if it is not possible to obtain intraoral images, extraoral images must be used. This means that if the patient cannot tolerate having the film sensor placed in their mouth due to a gag reflex, alternative imaging techniques that do not require placing the sensor in the mouth should be used. This could include using extraoral techniques such as panoramic radiographs or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to capture images of the patient's oral structures.

Submit
86. Which selection below correctly describes the image distortion produced when the patient's midsagittal plane is not centered?

Explanation

When the patient's midsagittal plane is not centered, the structures on one side of the image appear narrower while the structures on the other side appear wider. This is because the misalignment causes a distortion in the image, making it appear asymmetrical.

Submit
87. When using an x-ray sensor, it is important to always:

Explanation

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Submit
88. Angulation of the PID is critical to ensure that the central ray is perpendicular to the bisector line in which of the following techniques?

Explanation

The angulation of the PID (Position-Indicating Device) is critical to ensure that the central ray is perpendicular to the bisector line in both the bisecting technique and the bitewing technique. In the bisecting technique, the PID is angled to achieve the correct alignment between the central ray and the bisector line of the angle formed by the tooth and the film. In the bitewing technique, the PID is also angled to ensure that the central ray is perpendicular to the bisector line of the interproximal spaces being examined.

Submit
89. Which statement id NOT true regarding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ?

Explanation

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Submit
90. When using a size #1 film sensor for anterior images using the paralleling technique, _____ maxillary and _____ mandibular images are exposed.

Explanation

When using a size #1 film sensor for anterior images using the paralleling technique, four maxillary images and three mandibular images are exposed.

Submit
91. The main components of the panoramic unit include ________, and exposure controls.     

Explanation

The main components of the panoramic unit include the x-ray tubehead, which generates the x-rays, and the head positioner, which holds the patient's head in the correct position for imaging. The x-ray tubehead is responsible for producing the x-rays that pass through the patient's head and create the panoramic image. The head positioner ensures that the patient's head is properly aligned and stable during the imaging process.

Submit
92. Which statement is true of occlusal radiographs?

Explanation

Occlusal radiographs are used to view the entire arch of teeth in either the maxilla or mandible. The radiographic film is placed on the occlusal surface of the teeth, and the patient bites down to hold it in place. The x-ray beam is directed perpendicular to the film and passes through the teeth and surrounding structures. In the case of a maxillary occlusal radiograph, the x-ray beam is most likely to pass through the bridge of the nose, as the film is positioned in the roof of the mouth.

Submit
93. Which of the following selections is NOT an accurate description of the focal trough?

Explanation

The focal trough is a predetermined layer of structures that is sometimes referred to as the image layer. It is located between the film cassette and x-ray source. However, the statement that the trough is narrower in the posterior and wider in the anterior is not accurate. The focal trough is actually narrower in the anterior and wider in the posterior.

Submit
94. Rough handling of the film cassette during panoramic film unloading and reloading will produce which of the following artifacts?

Explanation

Rough handling of the film cassette during panoramic film unloading and reloading can cause static electricity to build up. This static electricity can result in black branch-like artifacts on the film, which are known as static electricity images.

Submit
95. A dark radiolucent shadow that obscures the anterior teeth can indicate that the patient's:

Explanation

A dark radiolucent shadow that obscures the anterior teeth can occur when the lips are not closed on the bite-block during the exposure. This can result in scattered radiation reaching the film, causing a dark shadow to appear on the radiograph.

Submit
96. Which of these factors is most likely to reduce the usefulness of an interproximal radiograph?

Explanation

An error in horizontal angulation is most likely to reduce the usefulness of an interproximal radiograph. Horizontal angulation refers to the alignment of the x-ray beam parallel to the interproximal spaces. If there is an error in horizontal angulation, the resulting radiograph may not accurately show the interproximal areas, making it less useful for diagnosing dental conditions such as cavities or periodontal disease in between teeth.

Submit
97. In order to minimize image distortion, the:

Explanation

When taking an X-ray, positioning the film parallel to the long axis of the tooth helps to minimize image distortion. This is because when the film is parallel to the long axis, it aligns with the tooth structure and allows for a more accurate representation of the tooth's shape and size on the X-ray image. If the film is positioned perpendicular to the long axis, it can result in distortion and an inaccurate representation of the tooth. Similarly, the direction of the central ray of the X-ray beam does not affect image distortion, so the other options are incorrect.

Submit
98. If the patient's teeth are not positioned in the groove of the bite-block, the teeth will appear:     

Explanation

If the patient's teeth are not positioned in the groove of the bite-block, they will appear "skinny". This is because the bite-block is designed to hold the teeth in a specific position and alignment, and if the teeth are not properly positioned within the groove, they will appear narrower or "skinny" compared to their actual size.

Submit
99. Occlusal radiographs can be used for:

Explanation

Occlusal radiographs are X-rays that provide a comprehensive view of the upper and lower teeth and their supporting structures. They are commonly used to locate unerupted teeth, which are teeth that have not yet emerged through the gums. By using occlusal radiographs, dentists can identify the position and orientation of unerupted teeth, helping them to plan for their extraction or to monitor their development. This type of radiograph is not typically used for detecting decay, checking bone levels, or identifying infections at the apex of the teeth.

Submit
100. Advantages of panoramic imaging, when contrasted with intraoral imaging, include:     

Explanation

The advantages of panoramic imaging, when contrasted with intraoral imaging, include less radiation exposure. This means that panoramic imaging exposes the patient to lower levels of radiation compared to intraoral imaging. This is advantageous as it reduces the potential risks associated with radiation exposure, making panoramic imaging a safer option for patients.

Submit
101. Panoramic radiographs are recommended in all of the following clinical situations except:

Explanation

Panoramic radiographs are recommended in all of the listed clinical situations except for the evaluation of periodontal furcation involvement. Panoramic radiographs are useful for evaluating the mixed dentition, examining edentulous alveolar ridges, and assessing the development and position of third molar teeth. However, they may not provide sufficient detail for evaluating periodontal furcation involvement, which typically requires more specific imaging techniques such as periapical or bitewing radiographs.

Submit
102. In the paralleling technique, the central ray of the x-ray beam must be ___ to the film sensor and the long axis of the tooth.

Explanation

In the paralleling technique, the central ray of the x-ray beam must be perpendicular to the film sensor and the long axis of the tooth. This means that the x-ray beam should be directed straight at a 90-degree angle to both the film sensor and the tooth. This positioning ensures that the x-ray image captured is accurate and provides a clear view of the tooth and its surrounding structures.

Submit
103. Each of the following statements is true about taking x-rays using the paralleing technique except:

Explanation

The correct answer is "The film sensor must be placed directly against the teeth being exposed." This statement is false because in the paralleling technique, the film sensor is placed away from the teeth being exposed. It is positioned parallel to the teeth and held in place by a holder, which helps to achieve accurate and consistent x-rays. Placing the film sensor directly against the teeth would lead to distorted images and inaccurate diagnosis.

Submit
104. What error would cause the production of a wedge-shaped radiopaque artifact near the midline in panoramic radiography?

Explanation

The production of a wedge-shaped radiopaque artifact near the midline in panoramic radiography would be caused by the lead apron being placed too high up on the back of the patient's neck.

Submit
105. Which statement is not true concerning panoramic imaging?     

Explanation

The given statement is not true because the digital panoramic unit does not use film that needs to be processed. Digital panoramic units use electronic sensors to capture and produce images instantly without the need for film processing.

Submit
106. A focal spot distance of __________ is advocated in the paralleling technique of intraoral radiography.

Explanation

In the paralleling technique of intraoral radiography, a focal spot distance of 12 inches/30 cm or more is advocated. This means that the distance between the x-ray tube and the image receptor should be at least 12 inches/30 cm. This distance is recommended because it helps to minimize image distortion and magnification, resulting in more accurate and clear radiographic images. Additionally, a longer focal spot distance reduces the risk of cone-cutting, where the x-ray beam does not fully cover the image receptor.

Submit
107. Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of intensifying screens?

Explanation

An accurate description of intensifying screens is that they are located on the internal surfaces of an open film cassette, composed of phosphor crystals that fluoresce upon x-ray exposure, and film size and sensitivity is paired with screen size and fluorescence. However, the reflecting layer does not direct the light produced toward the screen base.

Submit
108. In which of these situations is an occlusal survey not indicated?

Explanation

An occlusal survey is not indicated to reveal the extent of periodontal lesions because it primarily focuses on determining the shape of the dental arch, locating the position of an impacted canine, and revealing fractures. Periodontal lesions involve the gums and supporting structures of the teeth, which can be assessed through other diagnostic methods such as periodontal probing and radiographs. Therefore, an occlusal survey is not necessary for this purpose.

Submit
109. Which statement is not true of the panoramic tubehead?     

Explanation

The panoramic tubehead does not rotate the film behind the patient's head. Instead, it rotates behind the patient's head. The tubehead houses the filament that produces electrons and the target that produces radiographs. The vertical angulation of the tubehead is not adjustable.

Submit
110. With the paralleling technique, usually there are ___ posterior film posterior film sensor images taken.

Explanation

With the paralleling technique, usually there are 8 posterior film sensor images taken. This technique involves placing the film or sensor parallel to the long axis of the tooth being examined. By taking images from different angles, it allows for a more comprehensive view of the posterior teeth. This technique is commonly used in dental radiography to accurately diagnose dental conditions and plan treatments.

Submit
111. When determining ideal panoramic film density, which of the following is the best region to examine to assess adequate density?

Explanation

The mandibular parasymphyseal area is the best region to examine to assess adequate density when determining ideal panoramic film density. This area is located in the anterior region of the mandible, near the midline. It is an area where the bone density is relatively uniform and less prone to anatomical variations. Therefore, it provides a good reference point to evaluate the overall density of the panoramic film. The other options mentioned, such as the dentinoenamel junction on molars, maxillary sinus cavity anatomy, and gonial angle of the mandible, may have more variations in density and are not as reliable for assessing overall density.

Submit
112. The factor that would most likely be increased when taking radiographs on larger than average patients is:

Explanation

When taking radiographs on larger than average patients, the factor that would most likely be increased is time. This is because larger patients may require more time for the X-ray beam to penetrate through their body and reach the image receptor. Increasing the exposure time ensures that an adequate amount of radiation is delivered to produce a diagnostic image. Increasing other factors such as mA or kVp may result in overexposure for larger patients, while distance and filtration are not directly related to the size of the patient.

Submit
113. A panoramic image allows the dentists to:

Explanation

A panoramic image allows dentists to view the entire dentition and related structures on film. This means that they can see all of the teeth, as well as the surrounding bones, joints, and tissues. This provides a comprehensive view of the patient's oral health and helps in diagnosing and treating various dental conditions. It is an important tool in dentistry for evaluating the overall dental and oral health of a patient.

Submit
114. When the patient's head is positioned too far backward, the clinician will observe all of the following manifestations except one. Which one is the exception?

Explanation

When the patient's head is positioned too far backward, the clinician will observe the following manifestations: the image is too large and does not fit on the film, anterior teeth on both arches are involved most often, and structures appear wider and very blurred compared to normal. However, the structures on one side will not be narrower than the other.

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A patient must remove earrings and eye glasses prior to having a...
A panoramic radiograph will allow the dentist to view the entire...
Bitewing radiographs are used to show interproximal caries, early...
Number 2 film is commonly used for adult bitewing radiographs.
A periapical radiograph pictures the entire tooth and surrounding...
Factors that can affect the quality of dental radiographs include:
If the patient is in a wheelchair, doesn't have use of his or her...
Radiographs on edentulous patients are not necessary.
The _____ technique is recommended by the American Academy of Oral and...
An intraoral full-mouth survey (FMX) on an adult consists of _____...
Which teeth are included in the anterior set of images?
The CBCT is useful in helping the...
Occlusal radiographs are used to locate retained roots, supernumerary...
Periapical x-rays are essential in which dental specialty?
Which of these is not an intraoral view?
When mounting x-rays, it is important to:
Radiographic images on an edentulous patient might be required for:
Which of the following are advantages of using a long position...
A ghost image will appear _____ than normal and on the _____ side of...
The bitewing view is used for detecting:
When choosing the time for radiographic exposure, which of the...
The bitewing view shows the:
The ______ used in the panoramic x-ray machine tubehead is a lead...
Each panoramic unit has a(n) ______ that is used to align the...
Incorrect vertical angulation can result in an image that is:
It is acceptable for the dental assistant to hold a film in the...
Horizontal angulation is:
If the central ray of the x-ray beam is not centered on the film...
What is the approximate vertical angulation for most bitewing...
Advantages of panaramic imaging include which of the following?
The number of x-ray views that makes a patient's full-mouth series...
The quality of the panoramic view depends...
The focal trough is an imaginary three-dimensional curved area or...
The skill view that shows the bones of the face and skull and the soft...
The exposure sequence for the posterior teeth should begin with the...
Which statement is true of a grid?     
When taking premolar bitewing image, the anterior edge of the film...
A panoramic radiograph does not need any specialized equipment.
Computed tomography:     
The part of the unit that aligns the patients teeth as accurately as...
If the patient's chin is positioned too low during the panoramic...
The cause of a panoramic image that comes out with a radiopaque...
The exposure controls allow the _____ to be adjusted on the panoramic...
According to the guidelines for film placement, which of the following...
Vertical angulation:
Incorrect horizontal angulation of the PID results in:
When taking periapical images, it is best to start with anterior...
The major difference between the paralleling technique and the...
A radiographic mount should always be labeled with the:
The bisecting technique is preferred because it provides a more...
The number of bitewing films needed is based on the curvature of the...
The _____ technique may be used in some situations such as a small...
If a dark radiolucent shadow obscures the apices of the maxillary...
Which flim holder can aid in positioning the film during an endodontic...
When taking radiographs using film, the white side of the film is...
In panoramic imaging, ________ around the...
A periapical view shows the tooth from the occlusal surface or incisal...
The bisecting technique is used:
The lead plate in the panoramic tubehead with an opening shaped like a...
If the patient does not stand or sit with a straight spine:
In adults, a size #_____ intraoral film is used for the occlusal...
Which of these conditions is most commonly found during a radiographic...
Skull radiography is most often used in:     
If the patient's chin is too high during the panoramic...
How many standard-sized films are recommended to make a full bitewing...
The American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology recommends...
Which of the following selections is NOT correct about panoramic...
The alignment of the x-ray beam in the horizontal and vertical planes...
When using a #2 film sensor for anterior views using the paralleling...
The bitewing view shows the:
What new feature of the panoramic unit has allowed better resolution...
Which film size is usually required for f full mouth series on a...
When the patients jaws are outside the focal trough, the resulting...
What size film sensor is used for the anterior region of the mouth?
If the size #2 film sensor is being used, the anterior films are in...
How can a lead apron artifact be avoided during exposure of panoramic...
Which is not true of the cone beam computed tomography...
What term describes the imaginary line between the long axis of the...
The bisecting-angle instrument (BAI) uses _____ to determine the...
When taking periapical x-rays, the patient's head is _____ for...
The American Dental Association recommends that films be mounted:
A patient wearing earrings or glasses must remove them before a...
To correct an elongated image on an x-ray view, the vertical...
Which of the following phrases is NOT consistent with production of...
For management of the patient with a gag reflex:
Which selection below correctly describes the image distortion...
When using an x-ray sensor, it is important to always:
Angulation of the PID is critical to ensure that the central ray is...
Which statement id NOT true regarding magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...
When using a size #1 film sensor for anterior images using the...
The main components of the panoramic unit include ________, and...
Which statement is true of occlusal radiographs?
Which of the following selections is NOT an accurate description of...
Rough handling of the film cassette during panoramic film unloading...
A dark radiolucent shadow that obscures the anterior teeth can...
Which of these factors is most likely to reduce the usefulness of an...
In order to minimize image distortion, the:
If the patient's teeth are not positioned in the groove of the...
Occlusal radiographs can be used for:
Advantages of panoramic imaging, when contrasted with intraoral...
Panoramic radiographs are recommended in all of the following clinical...
In the paralleling technique, the central ray of the x-ray beam must...
Each of the following statements is true about taking x-rays using the...
What error would cause the production of a wedge-shaped radiopaque...
Which statement is not true concerning panoramic...
A focal spot distance of __________ is advocated in the paralleling...
Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of intensifying...
In which of these situations is an occlusal survey not indicated?
Which statement is not true of the panoramic...
With the paralleling technique, usually there are ___ posterior film...
When determining ideal panoramic film density, which of the following...
The factor that would most likely be increased when taking radiographs...
A panoramic image allows the dentists to:
When the patient's head is positioned too far backward, the...
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