Cytology: Acid-base Balance, Respiratory Alkalosis/Acidosis
. Slide 1-16
- 1.Normal blood pH.
- A.
7.35-7.45
- B.
7.00-7.35
- C.
6.85-7.00
- D.
7.45-7.55
- 2.The more _____ ions, the more acidic, and the ____ the pH.
- A.
H+, lower
- B.
H+, higher
- C.
K+, lower
- D.
K+, higher
- 3.Select all the ways pH is controlled.
- A.
Kidneys excrete/ retain bicarbonate ions
- B.
Respiratory system controls CO2 levels: Lungs regulate concentration of carbonic acid
- C.
Chemical buffers: H+ ions attach/detache to bicarbonate, phosphate, hemoglobin, proteins
- D.
Hyperventilation
- E.
Hypoventilation
- F.
The pH police !
- 4.What happened when excess HCO3 is retained?
- A.
H+ ions decrease, causing pH to increase, leading to metabolic alkalosis
- B.
H+ ions increase, causing pH to decrease, leading to metabolic acidosis
- C.
H+ ions decrease, causing pH to decrease, leading to metabolic alkalosis
- D.
The HCO3 police comes to fix it.
- 5.What happens to the pH in a patient who is hypoventilating?
- A.
Increased CO2 will increase H+ ions, thus decreasing pH, leading to respiratory acidosis
- B.
Increased CO2 will decrease H+ ions, thus decreasing pH, leading to respiratory alkalosis
- C.
Increased CO2 will increase H+ ions, thus increasing pH, leading to respiratory acidosis
- D.
The pH becomes cyanotic :(
- 6.What is the function of a buffer?
- A.
It prevents the pH from changing significantly
- B.
It cause the pH to change significantly
- C.
It balances out the pH without adding any extra acids or bases
- D.
It helps you watch youtube videos !
- 7._____ = pH decreases in blood and body tissue._____=pH increases in blood and body tissue.
- A.
Acidosis, alkalosis
- B.
Alkalosis, acidosis
- C.
Ketonuria, ketonemia
- D.
Hematuria, alkalosis
- 8.ABG is a test used to determine pH. What does ABG stand for?
- A.
Arterial blood gas
- B.
Atrial blood gas
- C.
Airway, blood, glucose
- D.
Amplifier, Bass, Guitar
- 9.ABG analysis evaluates the adequacy of ..... (Select all that apply)
- A.
Ventilation
- B.
Oxygenation
- C.
Oxygen-carrying capacity of RBC
- D.
Acid-Base levels
- E.
CO2 levels
- F.
Bicarbonate levels
- 10.ABGs are indicated to..... (Select all that apply)
- A.
Establish diagnosis and severity of respiratory failure
- B.
Manage intensive care patients (Resp/cardiac/renal/hepatic /multiorgan failure, DKA, Spesis/burns/poisoning)
- C.
Guide therapy in ICU patients (O2 admin, mechanical ventilation, alkali treatment)
- D.
Monitor patients during cardiopulmonary surgery
- E.
Determine prognosis of critically ill patients
- F.
Determine the adequacy of your band's equipment (Is your amplifier working???)
- G.
Cure respiratory failure
- 11.Arterial samples: Normal pCO2 in canines?
- A.
31-45 mmHg
- B.
28-36 mmHg
- C.
33-50 mmHg
- D.
33-45 mmHg
- 12.Arterial samples: Normal pCO2 in felines?
- A.
28-36 mmHg
- B.
31-45 mmHg
- C.
33-50 mmHg
- D.
33-45 mmHg
- 13.Venous samples: Normal pCO2 in canines?
- A.
33-50 mmHg
- B.
33-45 mmHg
- C.
31-45 mmHg
- D.
28-36 mmHg
- 14.Venous samples: Normal pCO2 in felines?
- A.
33-45 mmHg
- B.
33-50 mmHg
- C.
31-45 mmHg
- D.
28-36 mmHg
- 15.Normal venous and arterial blood bicarbonate concentrations:Canines:Felines:
- A.
18-26 mEq/L 17-23 mEq/L
- B.
17-23 mEq/L 18-26 mEq/L
- C.
18-20 mEq/L 12-14 mEq/L
- D.
Oh leave us alone danie.
- 16.In respiratory acidosis, CO2 _______ is greater than CO2 ____.
- A.
Production, excretion
- B.
Excretion, production
- C.
Retention, production
- D.
Exhalation, inhalation
- 17.An increase in CO2 causes a decrease in acids.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 18.The treatment of respiratory acidosis invovles....
- A.
O2 ventilation to increase tidal volume/remove CO2 & treating underlying disease
- B.
O2 ventilation to increase tidal volume/remove CO2
- C.
Treating underlying disease
- D.
Tracheostomy or intubation
- 19.In respiratory alkalosis, CO2 _____ is greater than CO2 ______.
- A.
Excretion, production
- B.
Inhalation, exhalation
- C.
Production, excretion
- D.
Inhalation, production
- 20.Hyperventilation decreases PCO2.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 21.The treatment of respiratory alkalosis involves ______.
- A.
Decreasing minute volume on ventilator and treating underlying cause
- B.
Decreasing minute volume on ventilator
- C.
Treating underlying cause
- D.
Paper bag
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