Philippine Criminal Justice System Question And Answer

The correct answer is NBI. NBI stands for the National Bureau of Investigation, which is a special investigative agency responsible for handling highly controversial cases. They have jurisdiction over various criminal offenses and are tasked with conducting thorough investigations to gather evidence and bring perpetrators to justice. NBI agents work closely with law enforcement agencies and the judiciary system to ensure the proper handling of cases and maintain public safety and security.

The correct answer is Barangay court System. The given statement suggests that the purpose of the Barangay court system is to settle cases within their respective barangay. It also mentions that the punishment for these cases is imprisonment not exceeding one year. This implies that the Barangay court system is responsible for handling and resolving minor offenses or disputes at the local level, providing a more accessible and community-based approach to justice.

Arrest refers to the act of taking a person into custody in order to hold them accountable for a committed offense. This involves detaining the individual and restricting their freedom until they can be brought before a court or other legal authority to face charges. Amnesty, on the other hand, is a pardon or forgiveness for past offenses. Bail is the temporary release of an accused person before their trial, usually with a financial guarantee. Brigandage refers to the act of being a brigand or a bandit, typically involved in robbery or other criminal activities.

Brigandage refers to the act of robbing travelers on a highway, often by a group of bandits. It is a form of organized theft that takes place on roads or highways. This term is commonly used to describe acts of highway robbery or banditry.

A complaint is a sworn written statement charging a person for an offense. It is subscribed by the offended party, public officers, or any peace officer in charge of the law violated. A complaint is the formal initiation of legal proceedings against someone who is believed to have committed a crime or wrongdoing. It outlines the details of the offense and serves as the basis for further investigation and legal action.

Contraband refers to items that are prohibited or forbidden within a prison or jail facility. These items can include cash, jewelry, dangerous drugs, and deadly weapons. The presence of contraband poses a threat to the safety and security of the facility and its inmates. It is against the rules and regulations of the prison or jail to possess or smuggle contraband, and strict measures are in place to prevent its entry.

The correct answer is "Judgement". Judgement refers to the decision made by a court regarding the guilt or innocence of the accused and the appropriate penalties or civil liabilities to be imposed. It is the final outcome of the legal process and is based on the evaluation of the evidence and application of the law. Discretion, information, and law enforcement are not directly related to the court's decision-making process in this context.

Law enforcement is the correct answer because it refers to the agencies and individuals responsible for enforcing laws and maintaining public order. In the Philippine Criminal Justice System, law enforcement plays a crucial role as they are the ones who investigate crimes, apprehend suspects, and gather evidence. They are the initiators of action by taking proactive measures to prevent and combat criminal activities. Judges, on the other hand, preside over court proceedings and make decisions based on the evidence presented. Discretion refers to the power to make decisions based on individual judgment, and jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear and decide cases.

Entrapment refers to the practice of police officers using deceptive tactics to induce individuals to commit crimes that they would not have otherwise committed. In this context, the police catch criminals by creating a situation where the individual is tempted or coerced into committing a crime. This can involve undercover operations, sting operations, or other methods to gather evidence and make arrests. It is important for law enforcement to follow ethical guidelines and not engage in entrapment, as it can violate an individual's rights and undermine the integrity of the criminal justice system.

"In flagrante delicto" is a Latin term that translates to "in the very act of committing a crime." It refers to a situation where a person is caught in the act of committing an offense, or has just committed an offense, or is attempting to commit an offense. This term is often used in legal contexts to describe the circumstances under which someone can be arrested without a warrant. In such cases, law enforcement officials have the authority to immediately apprehend the individual due to the immediate threat or danger posed by their actions.

A judge is the officer of the judiciary who issues warrants of arrest and determines the culpability of the accused. They have the authority and power to make legal decisions and judgments in a court of law. Judges play a crucial role in the legal system as they ensure that justice is served and that the law is upheld. They have the discretion to interpret and apply the law to the specific circumstances of each case, making them responsible for making fair and unbiased decisions.

Bail is the security provided by a person in custody of the law to secure their release. It is given on the condition that they will appear before the court as required. Bail allows individuals to avoid being held in jail while awaiting their trial or court appearance.

A commitment order is a written direction or command issued by a court or competent authority that orders an offender to be confined in jail or prison. This order is typically issued after a person has been found guilty of a crime or has violated the terms of their probation or parole. It serves as a legal document that authorizes law enforcement officials to take the offender into custody and transport them to the designated correctional facility for confinement. The commitment order ensures that the offender serves their sentence or penalty as determined by the court or competent authority.

Amnesty is the correct answer because it aligns with the given explanation. Amnesty refers to a general pardon granted to a group of people, usually political offenders, by the chief executive with the agreement of congress. Its purpose is to encourage the return of dissidents and individuals who have been resistant to the government, allowing them to return home and resume their lawful activities. Therefore, amnesty is the most suitable term that fits the given description.

Commutation refers to a change made by the president to reduce the severity of a penalty imposed on a convicted felon, typically by reducing the length of a prison sentence. This allows the convicted individual to serve a lesser sentence or be released from prison early. It is different from amnesty, which is a complete pardon or forgiveness of the crime, as commutation only reduces the punishment but does not erase the conviction.

The term "continental" refers to the countries in Europe that are located on the continent, as opposed to the countries that are located on islands or other landmasses. In this context, the theory of the police service being servants of higher authorities is prevalent among continental countries like Spain, Italy, and France. This suggests that in these countries, the police service operates under a centralized form of government, where the higher authorities have significant control and influence over the police force.

The correct answer is Court of Appeals. The explanation for this answer is that the Court of Appeals was established under Batas Pambansa Bilang 129, also known as The Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980. The Court of Appeals is composed of one presiding justice and sixty-eight associate justices.

The National Prosecution Service is the correct answer because it is the agency that is under the supervision and control of the DOJ (Department of Justice) and is responsible for prosecuting criminal cases on behalf of the government. It serves as the prosecutorial arm of the government, ensuring that offenders are held accountable for their actions and that justice is served.

Jusridiction refers to the authority of a court to hear and decide a particular case. It is the legal power and control that a court has over a specific geographic area or subject matter. In this context, the explanation for the correct answer is that jurisdiction is the authority to hear and determine a cause, meaning that it is the power that a court possesses to handle and make decisions on a given legal matter.

The crime control model is a criminal justice model that prioritizes the protection of the public and the repression of criminal conduct. It emphasizes the swift and efficient processing of cases, with a focus on apprehending and punishing offenders. This model values the finality of judgments and places a higher importance on the rights of the community rather than individual rights. It seeks to deter crime through the use of aggressive law enforcement tactics and strict sentencing. The crime control model is often associated with a tough-on-crime approach and a belief in the effectiveness of incarceration as a crime prevention measure.

A court is a governmental body that is established by law to administer justice and enforce the sovereign rights and power of the state. It is responsible for determining the guilt or innocence of the accused. Courts are an essential part of the criminal justice system and play a crucial role in upholding the rule of law. They provide a forum for the resolution of disputes and ensure that justice is served in accordance with the constitution and legal principles.

The correctional system, also known as the penal system, is often considered the weakest link in the Philippine criminal justice system due to its failure to rehabilitate inmates after they have served their sentences. This failure to reform and rehabilitate offenders often leads to them returning to a life of crime. The perception of a continuing failure of the Philippine criminal justice system to deliver fast and efficient justice has inevitably led to the erosion of public trust in the government. As a consequence, citizens are laden with anxiety because of unabated criminality and violence in their communities

The Criminal Justice system encompasses all the means used to enforce standards of conduct that are necessary to protect individuals and maintain the well-being of the community. This includes various components such as courts, judges, and laws. The system is designed to ensure that individuals who commit crimes are held accountable for their actions and that justice is served.

Discretion refers to the authority given by law to act in certain conditions or situations according to one's own considered judgment and conscience. It allows individuals or official agencies to make decisions based on their own assessment and evaluation of the circumstances, rather than being bound by strict rules or regulations. This discretionary power enables flexibility and adaptability in handling various situations, ensuring that actions can be taken in the best interest of all parties involved.

"Information" refers to a formal accusation in writing, charging a person with an offense, and is typically prepared and signed by a prosecutor (also referred to as the fiscal in some jurisdictions) before being submitted to a court. It is a legal document used to initiate criminal proceedings, outlining the charges and the evidence supporting them. Unlike an indictment, which is typically issued by a grand jury, information is filed directly by a prosecutor.

The Metropolitan Trial Court, formerly known as the inferior court, handles less serious cases, including minor civil and criminal matters, in the Philippines. This court serves metropolitan areas and deals with offenses and disputes that do not require the higher jurisdiction of regional trial courts. Its role is to provide accessible justice for smaller cases, ensuring efficient and effective legal resolution within its designated jurisdiction.