Cjl 1 Quiz No. 1

In the sufficiency of a complaint or information, the complete name of the prosecutor is not included. The sufficiency of a complaint or information refers to the legal requirement that these documents must contain enough details and allegations to inform the accused of the charges against them. The approximate date of the offense, the act complained of as constituting the offense, and the place where the alleged offense was committed are all important elements that need to be included in the complaint or information to ensure its sufficiency. However, the complete name of the prosecutor is not necessary for this purpose.

The correct answer is "Shall not be prosecuted except upon a complaint filed by the offended spouse." This means that adultery and concubinage cannot be prosecuted unless the spouse who was offended by the act files a complaint. This indicates that the crimes are considered private, and only the aggrieved spouse has the authority to initiate legal action against the offender.

The given definition describes a complaint, which is a sworn written statement that charges a person with an offense. It can be subscribed by the offended party, a peace officer, or any public officer responsible for enforcing the law that has been violated. A complaint is the first step in initiating a legal process against someone accused of committing a crime.

The correct answer is "Arraignment" because it is the legal process where the defendant is formally charged with a crime and is given the opportunity to enter a plea (guilty, not guilty, or no contest). This typically occurs after the court reads the criminal complaint against the defendant. The arraignment is an important step in the criminal justice system as it ensures that the defendant understands the charges against them and can respond accordingly.

The state can initiate the prosecution of the offense if the offended party, parents, grandparents, and guardian failed to do so. This means that even if the victim or their immediate family members do not file a complaint, the state has the authority to take legal action against the offender. This ensures that justice can still be pursued even if the victim or their family are unable or unwilling to initiate the prosecution themselves.

In legal terms, a "material ingredient" refers to a crucial element or factor that is necessary to prove the offense. Therefore, when the date is a material ingredient of the offense, it means that the specific date on which the offense occurred is essential to establish the crime. In such cases, it is necessary to state the precise date in the complaint or information in order to provide accurate and relevant information about the offense.

A complaint is a sworn written statement that charges a person with an offense. It is subscribed by the offended party, a peace officer, or other public officer responsible for enforcing the violated law. A complaint initiates legal proceedings against the accused and serves as the basis for further investigation and prosecution.

The complaint is sufficient if it contains the name of Junjun, the offense committed by Junard, and the name of Junard. The offense committed by Junjun is not necessary in the complaint.

All criminal actions commenced by a complaint or information are prosecuted under the direction and control of the prosecutor. The prosecutor is responsible for representing the government in criminal cases and presenting evidence against the accused. They have the authority to decide whether to proceed with a case, negotiate plea deals, and determine the appropriate charges and penalties. The police may initiate the investigation and gather evidence, but it is ultimately the prosecutor who decides whether to pursue the case in court. Judges play a role in overseeing the legal proceedings and ensuring a fair trial, but they do not direct or control the prosecution. The barangay, on the other hand, is a local government unit in the Philippines and does not have jurisdiction over criminal prosecutions.

The statement is true because it states that all criminal actions initiated by a complaint or information must be prosecuted under the guidance and supervision of the prosecutor. This means that the prosecutor has the authority and responsibility to oversee and manage the prosecution of criminal cases.

If the offense is against property and the name of the offended party is unknown, the appropriate action would be to describe the property with such particularity. This means providing detailed and specific information about the property in question, such as its location, characteristics, and any distinguishing features. By doing so, it helps to identify and establish the connection between the offense and the property, even if the name of the offended party is not known. This allows for a proper investigation and potential resolution of the complaint.

The correct answer is "Offended spouse." Crimes of adultery and concubinage can only be prosecuted if the offended spouse files a complaint. This means that only the spouse who has been directly affected by the adultery or concubinage can initiate legal action against the offending party. The involvement of her parents or guardian is not necessary in this case.

If the name of the accused who beat Junjun is not known, the best way to ascertain his identification in the complaint is to describe him under a fictitious name with a statement that his true name is unknown. This allows for the identification of the accused without providing false information or making assumptions about his identity. It also acknowledges the fact that his true name is not known, ensuring accuracy in the complaint.

An information is a written accusation that is filed with the court by the prosecutor, charging a person with an offense. It is a formal document that outlines the details of the alleged offense and is subscribed by the prosecutor. This document initiates the legal process and serves as the basis for the court proceedings against the accused individual.

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Judges of the Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial are not authorized to conduct preliminary investigations. This responsibility falls under the jurisdiction of Provincial or City Prosecutors and their assistants, National and Regional State Prosecutors, and other officers as may be authorized by law. Judges are primarily responsible for presiding over court proceedings and making legal decisions based on the evidence presented to them. Conducting preliminary investigations is a task assigned to prosecutors who determine whether there is enough evidence to proceed with a criminal case.

A juridical person refers to an entity that is recognized by the law as having legal rights and obligations similar to those of a natural person. This includes corporations, associations, and other organizations that can enter into contracts, sue, and be sued. Therefore, the correct answer is juridical person.

The responsibility of the court to determine if the accused is guilty of the case charged through evidences submitted by both parties is best described as "Deciding Controversies." In a court of law, the judge or jury must carefully consider the evidence presented by both the prosecution and the defense in order to reach a verdict. This process involves weighing the arguments and evidence from both sides and making a decision on the guilt or innocence of the accused. Therefore, the court's role in determining the outcome of a case can be seen as resolving the controversies and disputes presented by the opposing parties.

The complaint/information is considered sufficient if it includes the name of the offended party, the name of the accused, and the approximate date of the commission of the offense. However, it is not necessary for the complaint/information to include the reason why the offense was committed.

A motion to quash is a legal request made by Junjun to seek the dismissal of the complaint or information. This motion is based on the grounds provided by law, which means that Junjun believes there are legal reasons why the complaint or information should be dismissed. By filing a motion to quash, Junjun is asking the court to declare the complaint or information invalid or void.

The employer of Mike Enriquez, The GMA Network, is not a natural person because it refers to an organization or company rather than an individual. The other options in the question all refer to specific individuals who can be classified as natural persons. Therefore, the employer of Mike Enriquez is the correct answer as it does not fit the criteria of being a natural person.

In crimes of seduction, abduction, and acts of lasciviousness, the offended party, her parents, and guardian can prosecute the offense. However, the offended spouse cannot prosecute the offense because the term "offended spouse" refers specifically to a person who is married to the offender. In cases of seduction, abduction, and acts of lasciviousness, the offended spouse is not directly involved or affected, therefore they do not have the legal standing to prosecute the offense.

The correct answer is Judiciary. The judiciary is the branch of government that is responsible for hearing and deciding legal cases and controversies. They interpret and apply the law to resolve disputes between individuals, organizations, or the government. The judiciary ensures that justice is served and upholds the rule of law. They play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of power and ensuring the fair administration of justice.

No, preliminary investigation is not required. The question states that Junjun has already been charged with a possible penalty of 4 years. This suggests that the investigation has already taken place and the charges have been filed. Therefore, there is no need for a preliminary investigation at this stage.

This answer is correct because Maris Racal is a natural person, unlike the other options listed. Maris Racal is an artist associated with ABS-CBN Network, and artists are typically individuals who are natural persons. The other options, such as FACEBOOK owned by Mark Zuckerberg, Henry Sy's San Miguel Corporation, and Samsung Philippines, Ltd, are not natural persons but rather entities or organizations.