Chemical And Texture Services

A strong compact cuticle refers to the outer protective layer of the hair. When the cuticle is strong and compact, it acts as a barrier, preventing damage from external factors such as heat, chemicals, and environmental pollutants. This helps the hair to be more resistant to these damaging factors, leading to healthier and stronger hair.

Coarse hair has a larger diameter and a thicker cuticle layer compared to fine hair. When treated with chemical texture services, the thick cuticle layer of coarse hair makes it more difficult for the chemicals to penetrate and alter the hair's structure. Therefore, the correct answer is "harder to penetrate."

Fine hair is the correct answer because it is the hair texture that is most fragile and easiest to process with a permanent waving solution. Fine hair has a smaller diameter and is more delicate compared to other hair textures, making it more susceptible to damage and easier to manipulate with chemical treatments like permanent waving. The smaller size of the hair shaft allows the solution to penetrate more easily, resulting in a more effective and long-lasting curl.

In permanent waving, the processing time refers to the duration for which the solution is left on the hair to achieve the desired curl or wave. The correct answer, "5 to 10 min," suggests that most of the processing occurs within this time frame. This indicates that the solution effectively penetrates the hair and initiates the chemical reaction required for permanent waving within the first 5 to 10 minutes.

Porous, damaged, or chemically treated hair is already in a weakened state, so using a perm solution that is less alkaline would be ideal. A less alkaline perm solution will be gentler on the hair, minimizing further damage and reducing the risk of over-processing. It will help to maintain the hair's integrity and prevent excessive breakage.

The correct answer is 1/4 to 1/2 away from the scalp. This means that when applying the virgin relaxer, it should be applied to the hair starting 1/4 to 1/2 inch away from the scalp. This allows for the relaxer to be evenly distributed along the entire strand of hair, ensuring that the hair is relaxed uniformly. Applying the relaxer directly at the scalp or at the growth may result in uneven or inconsistent results.

Disulfide bonds are the strongest type of side bonds among the three mentioned. These bonds are formed between two sulfur atoms in the hair's cortex and are responsible for the hair's strength and elasticity. Disulfide bonds can be broken and reformed through chemical processes such as perming or relaxing the hair. However, compared to the other types of side bonds (hydrogen bonds and salt bonds), disulfide bonds require more energy to break and are therefore considered the strongest.

Salt bonds are formed between positively and negatively charged ions in a molecule. These bonds are relatively weak and can be easily broken by changes in pH. When the pH of a solution changes, it affects the charge distribution in the molecule, causing the salt bonds to break. This disrupts the structure and stability of the molecule. Water, blow dryers, and high humidity do not directly affect salt bonds.

After rinsing out a perm solution from the hair, the next step is to blot the rod with the towels. This is done to remove excess moisture from the hair and ensure that the perm solution is fully absorbed. Blotting helps in setting the curls and allowing them to take shape properly. It also helps in preventing any dripping or running of the solution, which could lead to uneven results. Once the rods are blotted, the hair can then be further styled or the neutralizer can be applied to complete the perming process.

A wet set is an example of a physical change because it involves temporarily altering the shape or texture of the hair using water and styling products, without permanently changing the chemical composition of the hair. Chemical relaxing, soft curl permanent, and permanent wave, on the other hand, involve chemical processes that permanently change the structure of the hair, making them examples of chemical changes.

Ammonium thioglycolate is produced by adding ammonia to thioglycolic acid. Ammonia reacts with thioglycolic acid to form ammonium thioglycolate.

The correct answer is side bonds. Side bonds are responsible for the natural wave pattern of the hair. By breaking these side bonds, the hair can be chemically treated or styled to change its natural wave pattern. Peptide bonds are responsible for the structure of proteins and are not related to hair waves. End bonds and polypeptide chains are not relevant to the natural wave pattern of the hair.

Hydrogen bonds are weak chemical bonds that occur between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. These bonds play a crucial role in the structure and strength of hair. While they are individually weak, the large number of hydrogen bonds present in a hair strand collectively contribute to its overall strength. The correct answer, 1/3, suggests that hydrogen bonds account for approximately one-third of the total strength of a hair strand.

Wrapping the hair on small tools increases the tension. When hair is wrapped tightly around small tools, such as curling rods or rollers, it creates tension on the hair strands. This tension helps to reshape the hair and create curls or waves. The tighter the wrapping and the more tension applied, the smaller the curl size will be. Therefore, increasing tension by wrapping the hair on small tools results in smaller curl sizes.

Permanent waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds in the cortex through a chemical reaction called reduction. Reduction involves the gain of electrons or the loss of oxygen, and in this context, it refers to the breaking of the disulfide bonds by adding hydrogen atoms. This process allows the hair to be reshaped and set into a new form. Subtraction, hydrogenation, and oxidation are not the correct terms for this chemical reaction.

The correct answer is the curvature perm wrap. This technique creates a movement that curves within sectioned out panels, resulting in a more natural and flowing look. The other options, such as the weave technique, straight perm wrap, and bricklay perm wrap, do not specifically involve creating a curved movement within sectioned out panels.

Lanthionization is the correct answer because hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond and convert it into a lanthionine bond. This process involves the replacement of a sulfur atom with a lanthionine molecule, resulting in the straightening or relaxing of the hair. Reduction, neutralization, and oxidation are not accurate descriptions of this specific process.

Permanent waves that require heat from an outside source, usually a hair dryer, are called endothermic. This is because the term "endothermic" refers to a chemical reaction or process that absorbs heat from the surroundings. In the context of permanent waves, the heat from the hair dryer is necessary to activate the chemicals in the solution and create the desired curl or wave pattern in the hair. Therefore, the correct answer is endothermic.

Ammonia is the correct answer because it is commonly used in the test for metallic salts in the hair. When at least 20 strands of hair are immersed in a mixture of peroxide and ammonia, the ammonia helps to break down the metallic salts present in the hair, allowing them to be detected. This test is often used in forensic analysis to determine if someone has been in contact with certain metals or substances.

Thio relaxers have a pH above 10 because the high pH is necessary to break the disulfide bonds in the hair. These bonds are responsible for the hair's natural shape and texture. By raising the pH, the thio relaxer can penetrate the hair shaft and break these bonds, allowing the hair to be reshaped. The high pH also helps to soften the hair and make it more manageable.

When disulfide bonds break, the hydrogen atoms in them are highly attracted to the oxygen in the neutralizer. As a result, they release their bond with the sulfur atoms.

To determine the proper processing time needed for optimal curl development, it is important to conduct preliminary test curls. This involves applying the curling product to a small section of hair and leaving it for a specific amount of time. By observing the results, such as the level of curl achieved and the condition of the hair, one can determine the ideal processing time for the desired outcome. This test helps to avoid over-processing or under-processing the hair, ensuring the best results.

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On base placement refers to wrapping the hair around the base section at a 45-degree angle beyond perpendicular. This technique creates maximum lift and volume at the base, making it ideal for creating height and body in hairstyles. It involves wrapping the hair tightly around the base, resulting in a more secure and longer-lasting style.

Chemical hair relaxing involves the use of chemicals to straighten curly or tightly coiled hair. This process is very similar to permanent waving, which is used to create curls or waves in straight hair. Both methods involve the use of chemicals to alter the structure of the hair, resulting in a semi-permanent or permanent change in its texture. On the other hand, permanent haircoloring and hair pressing are different processes that do not involve chemical alteration of the hair's structure.

The correct answer is oxidation because neutralization reactions typically involve the transfer of electrons from one species to another. In oxidation, there is a loss of electrons, which results in an increase in the oxidation state of the species involved. This process is often associated with the addition of oxygen or the removal of hydrogen. In the context of neutralization, oxidation can occur when an acid reacts with a base, resulting in the formation of water and a salt.

After blotting the hair, applying a preneutralizing conditioner is an optional step before applying the neutralizer. This conditioner helps to restore the hair's pH balance and prepare it for the neutralizer. It can also help to minimize any potential damage caused by the neutralizer.

It is safe to perm hair that has been treated with thio relaxer because thio relaxers are compatible with perm solutions. Thio relaxers and perm solutions both work by breaking down the protein structure in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. Therefore, if the hair has already been treated with a thio relaxer, it is already in a weakened state and can safely undergo a perm. However, it is important to note that perming hair that shows signs of breakage may further damage the hair and should be avoided.

In spiral perm wrapping technique, the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular. This means that the hair is not wrapped straight up and down, but rather at a diagonal or slanted angle. This technique helps to create spiral-shaped curls that have more movement and volume. By wrapping the hair at an angle, it allows the curls to have a more natural and flowing appearance.

Thiol compounds in permanent waving solutions act as reducing agents. Reducing agents are substances that donate electrons to another substance, causing it to be reduced. In the context of permanent waving solutions, thiol compounds help to break the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. By donating electrons, thiol compounds reduce the disulfide bonds, making the hair more flexible and able to be curled or waved. This is why thiol compounds are used as reducing agents in permanent waving solutions.

If a client's hair has been treated with a hydroxide relaxer, it cannot be treated with soft curl permanents. This is because hydroxide relaxers chemically alter the hair structure by breaking the disulfide bonds, resulting in straightened hair. Soft curl permanents, on the other hand, are designed to create curls or waves in the hair. Since the hair has already been chemically straightened with a hydroxide relaxer, using a soft curl permanent may not produce the desired results and could potentially cause damage to the hair.

The neutralization of hydroxide relaxers involves the use of an acid balanced shampoo. Hydroxide relaxers are highly alkaline and can cause damage to the hair and scalp if not properly neutralized. Acid balanced shampoos help to restore the pH balance of the hair and scalp, ensuring that any remaining alkaline residue from the relaxer is neutralized. This helps to prevent further damage and maintain the health and integrity of the hair.

When using chemical relaxing to remove the natural curl of hair, it is important not to remove too much of the curl. Removing more than 80% of the natural curl can lead to excessive straightening and potential damage to the hair. It is crucial to maintain some level of natural curl in order to preserve the hair's health and prevent it from becoming overly straight or weakened.

The correct answer is "prior to shampooing." Normalizing solutions are used in a relaxing procedure before shampooing the hair. They are conditioners with an acidic pH that help to restore the hair's natural pH balance after the relaxing process. By using the normalizing solution before shampooing, it helps to prepare the hair for the shampooing step and ensures that the hair is properly cleansed and conditioned.

An athio perm is a combination of a thio relaxer and thermal waving. Thio relaxers are used to break and reshape the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be molded into a new shape. Thermal waving involves using heat to set the hair in the desired style. Therefore, an athio perm combines the use of a thio relaxer and thermal waving to achieve the jheri curl or soft curl permanent hairstyle.

A low pH relaxer is considered a mild alternative to other chemical relaxers because it has a lower pH level, which means it is less harsh and damaging to the hair. The lower pH helps to keep the hair's natural moisture balance intact, reducing the risk of over-processing and damage. This type of relaxer is often recommended for individuals with sensitive scalps or those who want a gentler option for straightening their hair.

Most relaxers contain the same ingredients used in temporary haircolors. This is because both relaxers and temporary haircolors require chemicals that can alter the structure of the hair. Relaxers are used to straighten curly or kinky hair, while temporary haircolors are used to add temporary color to the hair. The ingredients in both products help to break down the protein bonds in the hair, allowing for the desired effect. Therefore, it makes sense for most relaxers to contain the same ingredients as temporary haircolors.