Chemical Senses

1. The olfactory epiehtlium is the receptor and also the nerve fiber cell body

True

False

this is a unique feature of the olfactory system: the same cell is both the receptor and the primary neuron that can produce an AP; most other systems have the receptor cell transmit membrane potential changes to a primary neuron

Explanation

this is a unique feature of the olfactory system: the same cell is both the receptor and the primary neuron that can produce an AP; most other systems have the receptor cell transmit membrane potential changes to a primary neuron

2. The only ion channel that is utlized in the sour receptor signal transduction is sodium channels

True

False

Hydrogen can stimulate both sodium channels at leaky potassium channels

Explanation

Hydrogen can stimulate both sodium channels at leaky potassium channels

3. Taste buds are comparable to the cones of retina because they are senstiive to only one type of stimuli

True

False

tase buds are comparable to cones because the are MOST SENSTIIVE TO ONE TYPE OF STIMULI BUT CAN RESOND TO SOME DEGREE TO ALL STIMULI

Explanation

tase buds are comparable to cones because the are MOST SENSTIIVE TO ONE TYPE OF STIMULI BUT CAN RESOND TO SOME DEGREE TO ALL STIMULI

4. Tastes buds are replaced every _ days via the ___ cells.

120 days; epithelial

10 days; basal cells

20 days; basal cells

90 days; afferent fiber

5. Where are membrane receptors of taste buds located?

Afferent fiber

Basal cell

Synapse

Microvilli

6. What type of ion channel is responsible for depolarization of taste receptor cell?

Potassium

Chloride

Sodium

Hydrogen

7. The anterior 2/3 of the tongue sends info via:

Facial (VII)

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Vagus (X)

All of the above

8. Where does all the information from the tongue get sent to first?

VPM of thalamus

Solitary Nucleus

Parabrachial Nucleus

9. Which taste thresholds are the highest and lowest?

Sweet; bitter

Bitter; sweet

Sour; salty

Salty; sour

think about the evolutionary significance of being most sensitive to bitter foods

Explanation

think about the evolutionary significance of being most sensitive to bitter foods

10. The olfactory system is unique because it sends sensory information to the thalamus before the cortex

True

False

unique because it sends info to cortex BEFORE thalamus (usually the opposite is the case in sensory systems)

Explanation

unique because it sends info to cortex BEFORE thalamus (usually the opposite is the case in sensory systems)

11. What type of cells do the olfactory epithelium synapse with?

Mitral Cells

Cribiform Plate Cells

Cells of Olfactory Cortex

olfactory cells that respond to the SAME type of stimulus will synapse on the SAME mitral cell and will go to the SAME cell in olfactory cortex

Explanation

olfactory cells that respond to the SAME type of stimulus will synapse on the SAME mitral cell and will go to the SAME cell in olfactory cortex

12. There are over 1000 neuroepithelial cells that make up 1 taste bud

True

False

~ 100 neuroepithelial cells in 1 taste bud

Explanation

~ 100 neuroepithelial cells in 1 taste bud

13. What system(s) does taste sensation interact with?

Olfactory

Tactile

Auditory

All of the above

2 of the above

olfactory (smell of food) and tactile (texture/feel of food)

Explanation

olfactory (smell of food) and tactile (texture/feel of food)

14. Odors are categorized in a similar way to tastes

True

False

there are variable amounts of receptors for different tastes depending on the indivual and the individual's personal smell-experience; there is an increase in receptors for common odors that the individual experiences

Explanation

there are variable amounts of receptors for different tastes depending on the indivual and the individual's personal smell-experience; there is an increase in receptors for common odors that the individual experiences

15. The olfactory system is unique because:

The olfactory epithelium are neurons with action potentials

Olfactory info goes to olfactory cortex before the thalamus

It involves a 2 cell sensory relay system, whereas other systems require 3 cells

All of the above

2 of the above

16. What area receives and processes information about the perception of smell?

Hypothalamus

Parahippocampal gyrus

Medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus

Septal areas

olfactory informat goes to ALL of the above areas, but the PERCEPTION OF SMELL only occurs in the parahippocampal gyrus

Explanation

olfactory informat goes to ALL of the above areas, but the PERCEPTION OF SMELL only occurs in the parahippocampal gyrus

17. The primary afferent fiber for taste is what type of peripheral nerve?

Group I

Group II

Group III

Group IV

Type III = small, unmyelinated with cell body in cranial nerve ganglion

Explanation

Type III = small, unmyelinated with cell body in cranial nerve ganglion

18. The olfactory cortex is located on:

Frontal lobe

Parahippocampal gyrus

Brodman area 28

Occipital lobe

19. For this test, you have to know about bitter and sweet signal transduction

True

False

just focus on salty and sour (see pg. 71)

Explanation

just focus on salty and sour (see pg. 71)

20. The olfactory transduction is a rapid process

True

False

olfactory transduciton occurs via a second messenger system and therefore takes longer to depolarize

(i like to think of times when it takes a while for you to sense the smell of something)

Explanation

olfactory transduciton occurs via a second messenger system and therefore takes longer to depolarize

(i like to think of times when it takes a while for you to sense the smell of something)