Chapter 6 History Test
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Chapter 6 History Test
- 1.
- A.
In China during the seventh century B.C.E.
- B.
In Greece during the fifth century B.C.E.
- C.
In Iran during the early sixth century B.C.E.
- D.
In India during the eighth century B.C.E.
- 2.The religion founded by Gautama Siddharta focuses on
- A.
Escape from desire
- B.
Ascetic practices to free the soul from evil
- C.
Salvation of the soul through avoidance of sin
- D.
Devotion to gods as a means of gaining entry into heaven
- 3.Important evidence that the early Jews were primarily a pastoral people may be seen in
- A.
The sacrifice of Cain and Abel
- B.
The sacrifice of David and Saul
- C.
The story of Noah
- D.
The story of Adam
- 4.The Jewish Diaspora to Babylon began in
- A.
700 B.C.E.
- B.
680 B.C.E.
- C.
580 B.C.E.
- D.
500 B.C.E.
- 5.Jesus was a teacher who came out of the
- A.
Zoroastrian tradition
- B.
Greek tradition
- C.
Roman tradition
- D.
Jewish tradition
- 6.According to the creation story told in India, Brahman created the world
- A.
From chaos
- B.
From the void
- C.
From himself
- D.
From atoms
- 7.In the Christian Gospel of John, creation is connected with
- A.
The logos
- B.
Feeling
- C.
A rearrangement of prior matter
- D.
Expansion from a tiny force
- 8.According to the concept of Indian henotheism
- A.
There is only one god
- B.
There are many gods
- C.
There are gods, but they do not care about humans
- D.
Many gods collectively represent a divine unity
- 9.For what reason did Aristotle rank human souls as more important than those of animals?
- A.
Human souls were rational
- B.
God created human souls to be superior
- C.
He didn't. Aristotle believed that all souls, human and animal, were kindred
- D.
He didn't. Aristotle denied that animals had souls
- 10.Confucius believed that human beings were essentially
- A.
Evil
- B.
Good
- C.
Morally neutral
- D.
Sinful
- 11.According to Plato, political power in a state should be in the hands of
- A.
The people
- B.
Aristocrats
- C.
Kings
- D.
Philosophers
- 12.A Chinese belief system that focuses on following proper ethical practices within a strict hierarchy is called
- A.
Daoism
- B.
Legalism
- C.
Buddhism
- D.
Confucianism
- 13.The Greek mathematician Pythagoras is famous for his theorem and for the idea
- A.
Of zero
- B.
That musical harmonies can be expressed mathematically
- C.
Of pi
- D.
Of a system of notation that enabled the calculation of extremely large numbers
- 14.Daoist philosophers believed that geometry and mathematics
- A.
Were meaningless
- B.
Were important in understanding underlying realities
- C.
Were dangerous practices that could result in moral collapse
- D.
Were difficult but necessary parts of an education
- 15.Rationalism is a doctrine that holds that
- A.
Reason accompanied by faith in higher powers leads to enlightenment
- B.
Knowledge may only be gained through meditation
- C.
Unaided reason can elicit truth
- D.
An excuse can be made up for any occasion
- 16.Indian philosophers of the Nyaya School claimed that
- A.
Reason existed in human beings naturally and not as a result of any divine force
- B.
Reason was an extraordinary perception that God conferred on people
- C.
Reason was based on the senses, and therefore, was always to be distrusted
- D.
Reasons was an ability to comprehend the world in a manner that made God or gods unnecessary
- 17.Confucian philosophy emphasized
- A.
Religious morality to guide human behavior, but little interest in science
- B.
Knowledge through science practice, but little interest in religion
- C.
Knowledge through science, but also focused on religion
- D.
Interest in human affairs, but little in science or religion
- 18.According to the Greek medical writer Hippocrates, disease could be explained
- A.
By some natural causes, but also by acts of the gods
- B.
By natural causes alone
- C.
As a result of atoms swerving about
- D.
As a result of acts of the gods
- 19.Xunzi, a Chinese medical specialist, wrote that if a person attempted to cure rheumatism by beating a drum and sacrificing a pig to the gods, then
- A.
The rheumatism would be cured
- B.
The rheumatism would get better, but the person would not be happy
- C.
The drum would be worn out, and the pig would be gone
- D.
The rheumatism would not get better because the person should have played a flute and sacrificed a chicken instead
- 20.The Greek philosopher Epicurus believed that
- A.
One should lead a life in pursuit of pleasure
- B.
There are moral absolutes
- C.
The key to happiness was participation in the life of the community
- D.
The gods participate in our lives
- 21.Stoicism had an enormous effect on
- A.
Christianity
- B.
Skepticism
- C.
Platonism
- D.
Aristotelianism
- 22.Alexander the Great's Tutor was
- A.
Plato
- B.
Epicurus
- C.
Aristotle
- D.
Zeno
- 23.What were the four categories of axial-age sages?
- A.
Professional intellectuals, military leaders, prophets, and charismatic leaders
- B.
Professional intellectuals, political advisors, prophets, and wealthy aristocrats
- C.
Professional intellectuals, wealthy patrons, prophets, and political leaders
- D.
Professional intellectuals, political advisors, prophets, and charismatic leaders
- 24.Which of the following is not something that we share with thinkers of the axial age?
- A.
Political thought
- B.
Philosophical thought
- C.
Economic thought
- D.
Religious thought
- 25.Which of the following relationships between royal patron and sage is incorrect?
- A.
Mozi and Chu
- B.
Buddha and Kosala
- C.
Mahavira and Mosala
- D.
Zoroaster and Persia
- 26.Buddha, Jesus, and Socrates were all teachers who were also similar because
- A.
They came from wealthy backgrounds
- B.
They wrote nothing
- C.
They taught that enlightenment comes from meditation
- D.
They were rationalists
- 27.In the fragments of dialogues between sages and rulers that appear int he Vedas,
- A.
Rulers sometimes defeat the arguments of the sages
- B.
Sages always defeat the arguments of the rulers
- C.
Sages simple lecture to the rulers
- D.
Rulers merely explain to sages the correct way
- 28.Which of the following lists of philosophers and religious leaders is correctly ordered from the oldest to most recent?
- A.
Confucius, Nyaya School, Zoroaster, Epicurus
- B.
Pythagoras, Mahavira, Zeno, Jesus
- C.
Zoroaster, Confucius, Nyaya School, Han Feizi
- D.
Jewish Sages, Plato, Confucius, Epicurus
- 29.A good example of a dualist religion is
- A.
Christianity
- B.
Buddhism
- C.
Zoroastrianism
- D.
Islam
- 30.A key reason that geometry and mathematics are important in many philosophical traditions is that
- A.
These disciplines also have practical uses for everyday life
- B.
These areas of study are essential to the movement of the stars and planets
- C.
They help to develop the logical faculties of the human mind
- D.
They show that reality can be invisible and untouchable, yet open to reason
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