Chapter 37 Microbiology
- 1.
In influenza virus, antigenic shift
- A.
Results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell.
- B.
Results from the accumulation of mutations in HA and NA in a single strain of flu virus.
- C.
can result in major epidemics or pandemics.
- D.
Results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell and can result in major epidemics or pandemics.
Correct Answer
D. Results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell and can result in major epidemics or pandemics. -
- 2.
The rash associated with German measles is most likely caused by
- A.
The virus infecting the cells of the skin.
- B.
the virus infecting the cells of the dermal layer beneath the skin.
- C.
an immunological reaction to the virus.
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
C. an immunological reaction to the virus. -
- 3.
It is feared that the H5N1 strain of influenza virus may be the cause of an influenza pandemic in the near future.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 4.
Antigenic variation is common in influenza B and C but is rare in influenza A.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 5.
Chickenpox is caused by the __________ virus.
- A.
Rubella
- B.
Rubeola
- C.
coxsackievirus B
- D.
Varicella
Correct Answer
D. Varicella -
- 6.
The reactivated form of chickenpox is called
- A.
Rubella
- B.
Adenovirus
- C.
herpes zoster.
- D.
Rubeola
Correct Answer
C. herpes zoster. -
- 7.
German measles is caused by the __________ virus.
- A.
Rubella
- B.
herpes-zoster
- C.
Reovirus
- D.
Coxsackievirus A
Correct Answer
A. Rubella -
- 8.
Women of childbearing age should be vaccinated against
- A.
Chickenpox
- B.
German measles.
- C.
Shingles
- D.
Influenza A.
Correct Answer
B. German measles. -
- 9.
Congenital rubella syndrome usually occurs in the time frame of the
- A.
First trimester of pregnancy.
- B.
Second trimester of pregnancy.
- C.
third trimester of pregnancy.
- D.
Entire pregnancy.
Correct Answer
A. First trimester of pregnancy. -
- 10.
With respect to orthomyxoviruses, changes in antigenicity usually occur as a result of
- A.
antigenic drift.
- B.
Antigenic shift.
- C.
Frameshift mutations.
- D.
Both antigenic drift and antigenic shift
- E.
Both antigenic drift and frameshift mutations
- F.
Both antigenic shift and frameshift mutations
Correct Answer
D. Both antigenic drift and antigenic shift -
- 11.
Antigenic variation occurs almost yearly with the influenza _________ virus.
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
A. A -
- 12.
Which of the following drugs has been shown to reduce the duration and symptoms of influenza?
- A.
Penicillin
- B.
AZT
- C.
Amantadine
- D.
Acyclovir
Correct Answer
C. Amantadine -
- 13.
Koplik's spots are small red lesions with a white center that form in the mouth and are associated with
- A.
Mumps
- B.
Measles
- C.
Chickenpox
- D.
Flavivirus infection.
Correct Answer
B. Measles -
- 14.
Mumps is caused by a
- A.
Morbillis virus.
- B.
Paramyxovirus.
- C.
Adenovirus.
- D.
synctial virus.
Correct Answer
B. Paramyxovirus. -
- 15.
Acute respiratory viruses cause
- A.
Rhinitis
- B.
Tonsillitis
- C.
Bronchitis
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. All of the choices -
- 16.
In those cases of pneumonia for which no cause is determined by laboratory findings, __________ pneumonia can be assumed if __________ pneumonia has been ruled out.
- A.
Viral; mycoplasmal
- B.
Bacterial; viral
- C.
Mycoplasmal; viral
- D.
mycoplasmal; bacterial
Correct Answer
A. Viral; mycoplasmal -
- 17.
A feature of smallpox not associated with its eradication from the environment is
- A.
it has obvious clinical features.
- B.
it has no known reservoir outside of humans.
- C.
A short period of infectivity.
- D.
The availability of effective antiviral agents that block replication.
- E.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. The availability of effective antiviral agents that block replication. -
- 18.
Which of the following syndromes may result from infection by an arthropod-borne virus?
- A.
Fevers of undifferentiated type with or without a rash
- B.
Encephalitis, often with a high fatality rate
- C.
hemorrhagic fevers
- D.
all of the choices
Correct Answer
D. all of the choices -
- 19.
West Nile virus has been detected in _________ states of the U.S.
- A.
25
- B.
50
- C.
49
- D.
10
Correct Answer
C. 49 -
- 20.
Diagnosis of West Nile virus infection is through detection of
- A.
viral growth in cell cultures.
- B.
by a rise in neutralizing antibody in a patient’s serum.
- C.
PCR analysis from saliva samples.
- D.
culture on artificial media.
Correct Answer
B. by a rise in neutralizing antibody in a patient’s serum. -
- 21.
In humans, equine encephalitis can present as a spectrum from fever and headache to ___________ ____________and encephalitis.
Correct Answer
aseptic meningitis - 22.
Which of the following does not transmit the AIDS virus?
- A.
Semen
- B.
Blood
- C.
vaginal secretions
- D.
Mosquitoes
Correct Answer
D. Mosquitoes -
- 23.
Colds are common because of
- A.
Domestic animals serve as a persistent reservoir.
- B.
immunity once obtained is not protective.
- C.
A lack of effective antiviral drugs.
- D.
The antigenic diversity of the rhinoviruses and the lack of long lasting immunity.
Correct Answer
D. The antigenic diversity of the rhinoviruses and the lack of long lasting immunity. -
- 24.
Which of the following is known to activate the genital herpes virus?
- A.
Sunlight
- B.
Stress
- C.
Sexual hormones
- D.
all of the choices
Correct Answer
D. all of the choices -
- 25.
Genital herpes is associated with
- A.
Congenital herpes.
- B.
Cervical cancer.
- C.
Miscarriages
- D.
All of these
Correct Answer
D. All of these -
- 26.
Large-scale screening of blood for the hepatitis B virus uses an assay designed to detect
- A.
The Delta agent.
- B.
The Dane particle.
- C.
Viral surface antigens.
- D.
Alanine transaminase.
Correct Answer
C. Viral surface antigens. -
- 27.
The leading reason for liver transplantation in the United States is
- A.
Hepatitis C.
- B.
Hepatitis B
- C.
Hepatitis A
- D.
Hepatitis D
Correct Answer
A. Hepatitis C. -
- 28.
Control measures for hepatitis B include
- A.
Excluding contact with contaminated materials.
- B.
Passive immunotherapy within 7 days of exposure.
- C.
vaccination of high-risk groups.
- D.
all of the choices
Correct Answer
D. all of the choices -
- 29.
Which of the following can stimulate a reactivation of the virus that causes cold sores?
- A.
Physical stress (fever, cold winds, trauma, hormonal changes)
- B.
Emotional stress
- C.
ultraviolet light
- D.
all of the choices
Correct Answer
D. all of the choices -
- 30.
Which of the following is the typical mode of transmission for hepatitis C?
- A.
Contaminated blood and blood products
- B.
inhalation of droplets
- C.
bite from body louse
- D.
Contaminated shellfish
Correct Answer
A. Contaminated blood and blood products -
- 31.
Which of the following drugs is (are) effective against cold sores?
- A.
Vidarabine and acyclovir
- B.
Amantadine
- C.
AZT and ddC
- D.
Protease inhibitors such as ritonavir
Correct Answer
A. Vidarabine and acyclovir -
- 32.
Acyclovir is the drug used to treat genital herpes; it
- A.
Cures the disease.
- B.
Reduces the healing time.
- C.
Lyses the virus.
- D.
All of the choices.
Correct Answer
B. Reduces the healing time. -
- 33.
Which of the following is correct about the protease inhibitor drugs designed to treat HIV infection?
- A.
They slow the progress of the disease.
- B.
They cure the disease.
- C.
They prevent entry of the virus into cells.
- D.
They result in lysis of virus particles.
Correct Answer
A. They slow the progress of the disease. -
- 34.
Hepatitis can be caused by cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus as well as by the hepatitis viruses.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 35.
The Epstein-Barr virus is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 36.
Treatment of mononucleosis is via chemotherapy.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 37.
The formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies is associated with cytomegalovirus infection.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 38.
Warts or verrucae are caused by the papillomaviruses.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 39.
Plantar warts represent a sexually transmitted disease.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
- 40.
The most likely mode of transmission of the common cold is by hand-to-hand contact between a rhinovirus donor and a susceptible recipient.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 41.
Coinfection with HIV and Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) can greatly promote the development of cancer in AIDS patients.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 42.
Once infected with the AIDS virus, an individual experiences what is called the _________ __________ stage during which the number of T cells in the blood declines. (2 words)
Correct Answer
chronic symptomatic - 43.
The AIDS virus becomes established in cells bearing the __________ receptor.
Correct Answer
CD4 - 44.
A type of tumor associated with AIDS is __________ sarcoma.
Correct Answer
Kaposi's - 45.
Cold sores or fever blisters are caused by the ________ ________ virus. (2 words)
Correct Answer
herpes simplex - 46.
A major cause of blindness in the United States that results from the HSV 1 virus is ___________ ___________. (2 words)
Correct Answer
herpetic keratitis - 47.
Most drugs used to slow the progress of AIDS fall into which of the following categories?
- A.
Reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors
- B.
topoisomerase inhibitors
- C.
RNA polymerase II inhibitors
- D.
Protein synthesis inhibitors
Correct Answer
A. Reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors -
- 48.
The main route of transmission of the poliovirus is
- A.
Body contact.
- B.
Fomites
- C.
Food and water
- D.
Respiratory secretions
Correct Answer
C. Food and water -
- 49.
Infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A) is usually transmitted by
- A.
fecal-oral contamination of food or drink.
- B.
sexual activity.
- C.
Contaminated blood.
- D.
inhalation of droplets.
Correct Answer
A. fecal-oral contamination of food or drink. -
- 50.
Acute viral gastroenteritis can be caused by the
- A.
Norovirus and the rotavirus group.
- B.
cytomegalovirus and hepatitis E.
- C.
the Delta agent.
- D.
Varicella zoster virus and rubeola virus.
Correct Answer
A. Norovirus and the rotavirus group. -
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