Chapter 37 Microbiology

1. The most likely mode of transmission of the common cold is by hand-to-hand contact between a rhinovirus donor and a susceptible recipient.

True

False

2. Warts or verrucae are caused by the papillomaviruses.

True

False

3. Coinfection with HIV and Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) can greatly promote the development of cancer in AIDS patients.

True

False

4. It is feared that the H5N1 strain of influenza virus may be the cause of an influenza pandemic in the near future.

True

False

5. German measles is caused by the __________ virus.

Rubella

herpes-zoster 

Reovirus

Coxsackievirus A

6. The formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies is associated with cytomegalovirus infection.

True

False

7. Hepatitis can be caused by cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus as well as by the hepatitis viruses.

True

False

Submit

9. Which of the following is the typical mode of transmission for hepatitis C?

Contaminated blood and blood products

inhalation of droplets

Bite from body louse

Contaminated shellfish

10. The Epstein-Barr virus is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis.

True

False

11. Which of the following is correct about the protease inhibitor drugs designed to treat HIV infection?

They slow the progress of the disease.

They cure the disease.

They prevent entry of the virus into cells.

They result in lysis of virus particles.

12. Antigenic variation occurs almost yearly with the influenza _________ virus.

A

B

C

D

13. Acute respiratory viruses cause

Rhinitis

Tonsillitis

Bronchitis

All of the choices

14. The reactivated form of chickenpox is called

Rubella

Adenovirus

herpes zoster. 

Rubeola

15. Congenital rubella syndrome usually occurs in the time frame of the

First trimester of pregnancy.

Second trimester of pregnancy.

third trimester of pregnancy. 

Entire pregnancy.

16. Most drugs used to slow the progress of AIDS fall into which of the following categories?

Reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors 

topoisomerase inhibitors

RNA polymerase II inhibitors

Protein synthesis inhibitors

17. The leading reason for liver transplantation in the United States is

Hepatitis C. 

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis D

18. Which of the following does not transmit the AIDS virus?

Semen

Blood

Vaginal secretions

Mosquitoes

Submit

20. Chickenpox is caused by the __________ virus.

Rubella

Rubeola

coxsackievirus B 

Varicella

21. Women of childbearing age should be vaccinated against

Chickenpox

German measles.

Shingles

Influenza A.

22. Genital herpes is associated with

Congenital herpes.

Cervical cancer. 

Miscarriages

All of these

23. Acute viral gastroenteritis can be caused by the

Norovirus and the rotavirus group.

Cytomegalovirus and hepatitis E.

the Delta agent.  

Varicella zoster virus and rubeola virus.

24. Control measures for hepatitis B include

Excluding contact with contaminated materials.

Passive immunotherapy within 7 days of exposure.

Vaccination of high-risk groups.

All of the choices

25. Which of the following can stimulate a reactivation of the virus that causes cold sores?

Physical stress (fever, cold winds, trauma, hormonal changes)  

Emotional stress

Ultraviolet light

all of the choices

Submit

27. Infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A) is usually transmitted by

fecal-oral contamination of food or drink.  

Sexual activity.

Contaminated blood.  

inhalation of droplets.

28. Diagnosis of West Nile virus infection is through detection of

Viral growth in cell cultures.

By a rise in neutralizing antibody in a patient’s serum.  

PCR analysis from saliva samples.

Culture on artificial media.

29. Plantar warts represent a sexually transmitted disease.

True

False

30. Who of the following should be vaccinated against rabies?

Nurses

Farmers

Veterinarians

Physicians

31. In those cases of pneumonia for which no cause is determined by laboratory findings, pneumonia can be assumed if pneumonia has been ruled out.

Viral; mycoplasmal

Bacterial; viral 

Mycoplasmal; viral

mycoplasmal; bacterial

32. Prevention and control of rabies includes

Pre-exposure vaccination of dogs and cats.

Post-exposure vaccination of humans.

Pre-exposure vaccination of humans at high risk.  

All of the choices

33. Colds are common because of

Domestic animals serve as a persistent reservoir. 

immunity once obtained is not protective. 

A lack of effective antiviral drugs.

The antigenic diversity of the rhinoviruses and the lack of long lasting immunity.

34. Which of the following drugs is (are) effective against cold sores?

Vidarabine and acyclovir

Amantadine

AZT and ddC

Protease inhibitors such as ritonavir

35. Mumps is caused by a

Morbillis virus.  

Paramyxovirus.  

Adenovirus.  

Synctial virus.

36. The rabies virus is transmitted to humans by

the bite of an infected animal.

aerosols of the virus that can be present in caves where bats roost. 

Contamination of scratches with saliva from an infected animal. 

All of the choices

Submit

38. The Ebola virus causes

Encephalitis

Pulmonary syndrome. 

Hemorrhagic fever. 

lassa fever.

39. With respect to orthomyxoviruses, changes in antigenicity usually occur as a result of

antigenic drift. 

Antigenic shift.

Frameshift mutations.

Both antigenic drift and antigenic shift 

Both antigenic drift and frameshift mutations

Both antigenic shift and frameshift mutations

40. Which of the following is known to activate the genital herpes virus?

Sunlight

Stress

Sexual hormones

all of the choices

41. Negri bodies are produced within ___________ in rabies infected humans.

Skeletal muscle 

Connective tissue 

Brain neurons 

Bats

42. Antigenic variation is common in influenza B and C but is rare in influenza A.

True

False

43. Treatment of mononucleosis is via chemotherapy.

True

False

44. Acute viral gastroenteritis is the leading cause of death in

Children worldwide.  

Children in the U.S.

Children in developing countries.  

Children in day care centers.

Submit

46. In influenza virus, antigenic shift

Results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell.

Results from the accumulation of mutations in HA and NA in a single strain of flu virus.  

Can result in major epidemics or pandemics.  

47. The main route of transmission of the poliovirus is

Body contact.

Fomites

Food and water

Respiratory secretions

48. Koplik's spots are small red lesions with a white center that form in the mouth and are associated with

Mumps

Measles

Chickenpox

Flavivirus infection.

Submit

50. Acyclovir is the drug used to treat genital herpes; it

Cures the disease.

Reduces the healing time.  

Lyses the virus.

All of the choices.

51. Large-scale screening of blood for the hepatitis B virus uses an assay designed to detect

The Delta agent.

The Dane particle. 

Viral surface antigens.

Alanine transaminase.

52. Which of the following syndromes may result from infection by an arthropod-borne virus?

Fevers of undifferentiated type with or without a rash

Encephalitis, often with a high fatality rate

Hemorrhagic fevers

All of the choices

53. Which of the following drugs has been shown to reduce the duration and symptoms of influenza?

Penicillin

AZT

Amantadine

Acyclovir

54. West Nile virus has been detected in _________ states of the U.S.

25

50

49

10

55. Which of the following is a disease of humans that is probably caused by a prion and was originally associated with cannibalism?

Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease  

Creutzfeld-Jakob disease

Kuru

Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker and Creutzfeld-Jakob diseases  

Both Creutzfeld-Jakob disease and kuru

Both Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease and Kuru

56. Iatrogenic CJD has been transmitted by prion-contaminated by all of the following except

Human growth hormone.

Corneal grafts.  

Liver transplants.  

Grafts of dura mater.

57. The rash associated with German measles is most likely caused by

The virus infecting the cells of the skin.  

The virus infecting the cells of the dermal layer beneath the skin.

An immunological reaction to the virus.

All of the choices

58. 151 deaths have been attributed to vCJD in the U.S.

True

False

59. A feature of smallpox not associated with its eradication from the environment is

It has obvious clinical features.

It has no known reservoir outside of humans.  

A short period of infectivity.

The availability of effective antiviral agents that block replication.

All of the choices

Chapter 37 Microbiology

1. The most likely mode of transmission of the common cold is by hand-to-hand contact between a rhinovirus donor and a susceptible recipient.

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Warts or verrucae are caused by the papillomaviruses.

3. Coinfection with HIV and Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) can greatly promote the development of cancer in AIDS patients.

4. It is feared that the H5N1 strain of influenza virus may be the cause of an influenza pandemic in the near future.

5. German measles is caused by the __________ virus.

6. The formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies is associated with cytomegalovirus infection.

7. Hepatitis can be caused by cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus as well as by the hepatitis viruses.

8. The AIDS virus becomes established in cells bearing the __________ receptor.

9. Which of the following is the typical mode of transmission for hepatitis C?

10. The Epstein-Barr virus is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis.

11. Which of the following is correct about the protease inhibitor drugs designed to treat HIV infection?

12. Antigenic variation occurs almost yearly with the influenza _________ virus.

13. Acute respiratory viruses cause

14. The reactivated form of chickenpox is called

15. Congenital rubella syndrome usually occurs in the time frame of the

16. Most drugs used to slow the progress of AIDS fall into which of the following categories?

17. The leading reason for liver transplantation in the United States is

18. Which of the following does not transmit the AIDS virus?

19. Cold sores or fever blisters are caused by the ________ ________ virus. (2 words)

20. Chickenpox is caused by the __________ virus.

21. Women of childbearing age should be vaccinated against

22. Genital herpes is associated with

23. Acute viral gastroenteritis can be caused by the

24. Control measures for hepatitis B include

25. Which of the following can stimulate a reactivation of the virus that causes cold sores?

26. A type of tumor associated with AIDS is __________ sarcoma.

27. Infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A) is usually transmitted by

28. Diagnosis of West Nile virus infection is through detection of

29. Plantar warts represent a sexually transmitted disease.

30. Who of the following should be vaccinated against rabies?

31. In those cases of pneumonia for which no cause is determined by laboratory findings, __________ pneumonia can be assumed if __________ pneumonia has been ruled out.

32. Prevention and control of rabies includes

33. Colds are common because of

34. Which of the following drugs is (are) effective against cold sores?

35. Mumps is caused by a

36. The rabies virus is transmitted to humans by

37. A major cause of blindness in the United States that results from the HSV 1 virus is ___________ ___________. (2 words)

38. The Ebola virus causes

39. With respect to orthomyxoviruses, changes in antigenicity usually occur as a result of

40. Which of the following is known to activate the genital herpes virus?

41. Negri bodies are produced within ___________ in rabies infected humans.

42. Antigenic variation is common in influenza B and C but is rare in influenza A.

43. Treatment of mononucleosis is via chemotherapy.

44. Acute viral gastroenteritis is the leading cause of death in

45. Once infected with the AIDS virus, an individual experiences what is called the _________ __________ stage during which the number of T cells in the blood declines. (2 words)

46. In influenza virus, antigenic shift

47. The main route of transmission of the poliovirus is

48. Koplik's spots are small red lesions with a white center that form in the mouth and are associated with

49. In humans, equine encephalitis can present as a spectrum from fever and headache to ___________ ____________and encephalitis.

50. Acyclovir is the drug used to treat genital herpes; it

51. Large-scale screening of blood for the hepatitis B virus uses an assay designed to detect

52. Which of the following syndromes may result from infection by an arthropod-borne virus?

53. Which of the following drugs has been shown to reduce the duration and symptoms of influenza?

54. West Nile virus has been detected in _________ states of the U.S.

55. Which of the following is a disease of humans that is probably caused by a prion and was originally associated with cannibalism?

56. Iatrogenic CJD has been transmitted by prion-contaminated by all of the following except

57. The rash associated with German measles is most likely caused by

58. 151 deaths have been attributed to vCJD in the U.S.

59. A feature of smallpox not associated with its eradication from the environment is

19. Cold sores or fever blisters are caused by the virus. (2 words)

31. In those cases of pneumonia for which no cause is determined by laboratory findings, pneumonia can be assumed if pneumonia has been ruled out.

37. A major cause of blindness in the United States that results from the HSV 1 virus is _ _. (2 words)

45. Once infected with the AIDS virus, an individual experiences what is called the _ __ stage during which the number of T cells in the blood declines. (2 words)

49. In humans, equine encephalitis can present as a spectrum from fever and headache to _ __and encephalitis.