Sporadic
Hyperendemic
Endemic
An epidemic.
Sporadic.
Hyperendemic.
Endemic
An epidemic.
Break case.
Index case.
prime case.
Alpha case.
Endemic
Pandemic
Epidemic
Sporadic disease
Outbreak
Incident
Epidemic
Sporadic disease.
animal and human diseases.
Zoonoses.
Communicable diseases.
contagious diseases.
Robert Koch.
Louis Pasteur.
John Snow.
Edward Jenner.
The discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence
The development of methods for disease prevention
Measuring the level of resistance to antimicrobial agents
Both the discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence and the development of methods for disease prevention
Both the discovery of factors essential to disease occurrence and measuring the level of resistance to antimicrobial agents
both the development of methods for disease prevention and measuring the level of resistance to antimicrobial agents
a disease that maintains a steady low level frequency.
When a disease occurs occasionally and at erratic intervals in the human population.
A sudden increase in the occurrence of a disease above the expected level.
A sudden unexpected occurrence of a disease in a limited segment of a population.
Evaluates the control of disease in a defined population.
Evolved in relation to the great epidemic diseases.
Embraces all diseases.
All of these
True
False
True
False
Genetic background.
environmental conditions.
Human behaviors and lifestyle choices.
Emerging infectious agents.
All of the choices
Prevalence
Morbidity
Mortality
Index
Prevalence
Morbidity
Mortality
Index
Prevalence
Morbidity
Mortality
Index
Be mild.
Be severe.
Kill the host.
all of the choices
Propagated
Common-source
Herd
Sporadic
Propagated
Common-source
Herd
Sporadic
Propagated
Common-source
Herd
Sporadic
Propagated
Common-source
Herd
Sporadic
Natural
Experimental
Herd
Innate
Infective
Virulent
Pathogenic
Communicable
Reservoir
Source
Carrier
Animate phase.
Birth of new individuals
migration of individuals into the population
enhancement of immune systems through immunization
Birth of new individuals and migration of individuals into the population
True
False
Escherichia coli O157:H7
Cryptosporidiosis
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
All of the above
Rapid transportation systems and the mobility of the population
Ecological disruption such as the loss of predators and the destruction of rain forests
increased drug usage and sexual promiscuity
All of the choices
True
False
Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa
Fungi
respiratory tract infections.
Urinary tract infections.
Gastrointestinal tract infections.
Skin infections.
About 1%
About 10%
About 20%
About 50%
True
False
True
False
True
False
Carrier
Reservoir
Host
index case.
Eliminating susceptible individuals.
Eliminating sources of infection.
Sterilizing water.
improving the palatability of water.
Treatment of sewage to reduce water contamination
destruction of vectors by spraying insecticides
destruction of an animal reservoir of the infectious agent
All of the choices are used to reduce or eliminate the source of an infection.
True
False
True
False
True
False
True
False
chemical warfare.
Bioterrorism.
Zoonosis
All of the choices
Wash hands with soap and water frequently.
get or update vaccinations appropriate for specific destinations.
Take antibiotics prophylactically for potential bacterial infections.
wash hands with soap and water frequently and get or update vaccinations appropriate for specific destinations.
Wash hands with soap and water frequently, get or update vaccinations appropriate for specific destinations, and take antibiotics prophylactically for potential bacterial infections.
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