CHAPTER 26

1. Which is the healthiest ratio?

High SFA : low HDL

High LDL : low HDL

High HDL : low LDL

High chylomicron : low LDL

High LDL : low chylomicron

2. Most protein in the body is found in

The muscular system

The skeletal system

The lymphatic system

The integumentary system

The cardiovascular system

3. Glycolysis and aerobic respiration collectively produce up to ATP per glucose, whereas anaerobic fermentation produces ___.

38; none

38; 2

2; about the same, varying from one tissue to another

38; about the same, varying from one tissue to another

38; 36

4. HDL comes from

The pancreas

The diet

The liver

The small intestines

The gallbladder

5. Macronutrients include

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, but no water

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water.

Sodium, potassium,calcium, chloride, and phosphorus

Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Sodium, potassium, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

6. constitutes the so-called "bad cholesterol."

Low-density lipoproteins

Triglycerides

High-density lipoproteins

Chylomicrons

Very-low-density lipoproteins

7. High-quality proteins are those that provide all the essential amino acids

Incomplete

Net

Fibrous

Complete

Globular

8. yield about 4 kcal/g when completely oxidized, whereas yield about 9kcal/g

Carbohydrates and fats; proteins

Proteins and carbohydrates; fats

Fats; carbohydrates and proteins

Proteins; fats and carbohydrates

Carbohydrates;fats and proteins

9. Fats should account for about percent of the daily caloric intake.

5

10

30

50

60

10. Which of the following would you expect to be in a state of negative nitrogen?

Patients with muscle atrophy

Growing children

Weightlifters

Body builders

Pregnant women

11. Most body 's fat is stored in

HDL

Cholesterol

Triglycerides

LDL

Fatty acids

12. Minerals are , whereas vitamins are .

Micronutrients; macronutrients

Inorganic elements; organic compounds

Water-soluble elements; lipid-soluble compunds

Incomplete nutrients; complete nutrients

Inessential nutrients; essential nutrients

13. Only approximately _____________% of the energy in the glucose molecule winds up in ATP, the rest is lost as body heat.

10

20

40

80

90

14. The synthese of glucose from amino acids belongs to a metabolic process called

Gluconeogenesis

Glycolysis

Glycogen catabolism

Glycogenolysis

Glycogenesis

15. Incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces , which might lead to .

Pyruvic acid; acidosis

Triglycerides; new triglycerides

Ketone bodies; acidosis

Acetyl-CoA; acidosis

Glycerol; alkalosis

16. Heat exhaustion results from

Extreme electrolyte loss in the sweat.

Denaturation of proteins in the brain tissue.

Excessive heat loss from the body.

A high rate of conduction and convection.

A high humidity that retards evaporative cooling.

17. Most carbohydrates in the body are found in

Adipose tissue

Blood

Pancreas

Muscular tissue

Liver

18. Lipid functions include all of the following except

Forming myelin around nerve fibers

Forming of the skeletal muscle fibers

Plasma membrane structure

Cushioning around soft organs

Chemical structure of hormones

19. is a product of aerobic respiration.

Lactic acid

Glucose

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Pyruvic acid

20. During the absorptive state

Lipolysis is active.

Fatty acids are oxidized for fuel.

Gluconeogenesis is suppressed.

Lipolysis is active.

Blood glucose falls.

21. Vitamin deficiency is the most common worldwide.

D(calcitroil)

C(ascorbic acid)

E (a- tocopherol)

A (retinol)

B6 (pyridoxine)

22. He basal metabolic rate should be measured when a person

Is engaged in normal physical activity but not strenuous exercise.

Is in the absorptive state.

Has just eaten a meal of no more than 2000 kcal.

First rises in the morning.

Is sleeping.

23. Most of the NADH contributing energy to ATP synthesis is produced by

Anaerobic fermentation.

Glycolysis.

The citric acid cycle.

Electron transfer from FADH2.

The mitochondrial proton pumps.

24. _____________ does not raise total metabolic rate (TMR).

Starvation

Anxiety

Fever

Eating a big meal

Pregnancy

25. Glycogenesis is stimulated by , and glycogenolysis is stimulated by .

Insulin; glucagon and epinephrine

Insulin; aldosterone

Growth hormone; glucagon and epinephrine

Growth hormone; cortisol

Growth hormone; insulin

26. Shivering warms the body because it increases the rate of

Radiation.

Conduction.

ATP hydrolysis.

Vasodilation.

Glycolysis

27. Carbohydrates function as structural components of other molecules including all of the following except

Nucleic acids

Glycolipids

Glycoproteins

Amino acids

ATP

28. Oxygen

Transports electrons to the mitochondrion.

Is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

Directly transfers electrons and protons to NAD+ and FAD

Directly receives electrons and protons from NAD+ and FAD

Is the only substrate of aerobic respiration.

29. People on weight-loss diets often lose weight quickly at first, but then more slowly. This is for all the following reasons except

The initial weight loss is mostly fat.

Water is lost quickly but other weight is harder to lose.

Will power often weakens as the diet progresses.

The body lowers its metabolic rate when it loses weight.

As a diet progresses, the body produces more fat even with the same caloric intake.

30. Fatty acids are catabolized by a process called

Ketogenesis

Beta oxidation.

Lipogenesis

The fat-sparing effect.

Lipolysis.

31. The liver does not

Convert ammonia to urea.

Produce insulin and glucagon.

Carry out most beta oxidation.

Synthesize cholesterol.

Synthesize glucose from fats and amino acids.

32. Proteins are associated with all these functions except

Enzymatic reactions

Serving as cofactors for enzymes

Transport of blood lipids

Muscle contraction

Blood viscosity and osmolarity

33. Oxidation of a typical fatty acid can yield

129 ATP.

38 ATP

2 ATP

36 ATP

18 ATP

34. A nude body at a room temperature of 21°C (70°F) loses most of its heat by

Evaporation

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

Forced convection

35. ___________ is secreted during the postabsorptive state.

Gastrin

Insulin

Growth hormone

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Secretin

36. The highest rate of tissue protein turnover happens in the

Hepatic sinusoids.

Gastric mucosa.

Splenic sinusoids.

Intestinal mucosa.

Pancreatic islets.

37. The liver performs all of the following functions except

Secretion of digestive enzymes.

Glycogenesis.

Detoxification.

Phagocytosis.

Synthesis of plasma proteins

38. During the postabsorptive state

Blood glucose rises

Lipids are stored in adipose tissue.

Glycerol is used for gluconeogenesis.

Protein synthesis is active.

Glucose is stored by glycogenesis.

39. The loss of body heat by conduction can be enhanced by

Convection

Evaporation

Nonshivering thermogenesis

Shivering thermogenesis

Radiation

40. The quickest physiological mechanism for achieving moderate heat loss is

Convection

Cutaneous vasoconstriction

Nonshivering thermogensis

Cutaneous vasodilation

Diaphoresis

41. Which of the following compounds yields the most ATP per molecule?

Glycogen

Lactic acid

Acetyl-CoA

Pyruvic acid

Glucose

42. What metabolic process produces ammonia?

Beta oxidation of α-ketoglutaric acid

Lipolysis

Transamination of urea

Deamination of glutamic acid

Amination of keto acids

43. During periods of fasting, fat is said to have a protein-sparing effect because the body

Oxidizes its spare protein before it depletes its fat reserves.

Metabolizes fats and proteins through the same metabolic pathways.

Must have an adequate protein intake in order to absorb and metabolize fats.

Does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first.

Does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first

44. is a product of glycolysis

Pyruvic acid

Lactic acid

Acetyl-CoA

Carbon dioxide

Glucose

45. The first step in using amino acids as fuel is to _____________ them.

Synthesize

Aminate

Transaminate

Deaminate

Digest

Submit

Chapter 26

1. Which is the healthiest ratio?

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Most protein in the body is found in

3. Glycolysis and aerobic respiration collectively produce up to ____________ ATP per glucose, whereas anaerobic fermentation produces _______________.

4. HDL comes from

5. Macronutrients include

6. constitutes the so-called "bad cholesterol."

7. High-quality proteins are those that provide all the essential amino acids

8. yield about 4 kcal/g when completely oxidized, whereas yield about 9kcal/g

9. Fats should account for about percent of the daily caloric intake.

10. Which of the following would you expect to be in a state of negative nitrogen?

11. Most body 's fat is stored in

12. Minerals are , whereas vitamins are .

13. Only approximately _____________% of the energy in the glucose molecule winds up in ATP, the rest is lost as body heat.

14. The synthese of glucose from amino acids belongs to a metabolic process called

15. Incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces ____________, which might lead to ____________.

16. Heat exhaustion results from

17. Most carbohydrates in the body are found in

18. Lipid functions include all of the following except

19. is a product of aerobic respiration.

20. During the absorptive state

21. Vitamin deficiency is the most common worldwide.

22. He basal metabolic rate should be measured when a person

23. Most of the NADH contributing energy to ATP synthesis is produced by

24. _____________ does not raise total metabolic rate (TMR).

25. Glycogenesis is stimulated by ____________, and glycogenolysis is stimulated by ____________.

26. Shivering warms the body because it increases the rate of

27. Carbohydrates function as structural components of other molecules including all of the following except

28. Oxygen

29. People on weight-loss diets often lose weight quickly at first, but then more slowly. This is for all the following reasons except

30. Fatty acids are catabolized by a process called

31. The liver does not

32. Proteins are associated with all these functions except

33. Oxidation of a typical fatty acid can yield

34. A nude body at a room temperature of 21°C (70°F) loses most of its heat by

35. ___________ is secreted during the postabsorptive state.

36. The highest rate of tissue protein turnover happens in the

37. The liver performs all of the following functions except

38. During the postabsorptive state

39. The loss of body heat by conduction can be enhanced by

40. The quickest physiological mechanism for achieving moderate heat loss is

41. Which of the following compounds yields the most ATP per molecule?

42. What metabolic process produces ammonia?

43. During periods of fasting, fat is said to have a protein-sparing effect because the body

44. is a product of glycolysis

45. The first step in using amino acids as fuel is to _____________ them.

3. Glycolysis and aerobic respiration collectively produce up to ATP per glucose, whereas anaerobic fermentation produces ___.

15. Incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces , which might lead to .

25. Glycogenesis is stimulated by , and glycogenolysis is stimulated by .