CHAPTER 26
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Once again, some questions that will be on the exam. =]
- 1.Macronutrients include
- A.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, but no water
- B.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water.
- C.
Sodium, potassium,calcium, chloride, and phosphorus
- D.
Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
- E.
Sodium, potassium, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
- 2.Most carbohydrates in the body are found in
- A.
Adipose tissue
- B.
Blood
- C.
Pancreas
- D.
Muscular tissue
- E.
Liver
- 3.Lipid functions include all of the following except
- A.
Forming myelin around nerve fibers
- B.
Forming of the skeletal muscle fibers
- C.
Plasma membrane structure
- D.
Cushioning around soft organs
- E.
Chemical structure of hormones
- 4.constitutes the so-called "bad cholesterol."
- A.
Low-density lipoproteins
- B.
Triglycerides
- C.
High-density lipoproteins
- D.
Chylomicrons
- E.
Very-low-density lipoproteins
- 5.Which is the healthiest ratio?
- A.
High SFA : low HDL
- B.
High LDL : low HDL
- C.
High HDL : low LDL
- D.
High chylomicron : low LDL
- E.
High LDL : low chylomicron
- 6.Carbohydrates function as structural components of other molecules including all of the following except
- A.
Nucleic acids
- B.
Glycolipids
- C.
Glycoproteins
- D.
Amino acids
- E.
ATP
- 7.yield about 4 kcal/g when completely oxidized, whereas yield about 9kcal/g
- A.
Carbohydrates and fats; proteins
- B.
Proteins and carbohydrates; fats
- C.
Fats; carbohydrates and proteins
- D.
Proteins; fats and carbohydrates
- E.
Carbohydrates;fats and proteins
- 8.HDL comes from
- A.
The pancreas
- B.
The diet
- C.
The liver
- D.
The small intestines
- E.
The gallbladder
- 9.Most protein in the body is found in
- A.
The muscular system
- B.
The skeletal system
- C.
The lymphatic system
- D.
The integumentary system
- E.
The cardiovascular system
- 10.High-quality proteins are those that provide all the essential amino acids
- A.
Incomplete
- B.
Net
- C.
Fibrous
- D.
Complete
- E.
Globular
- 11.Proteins are associated with all these functions except
- A.
Enzymatic reactions
- B.
Serving as cofactors for enzymes
- C.
Transport of blood lipids
- D.
Muscle contraction
- E.
Blood viscosity and osmolarity
- 12.Minerals are , whereas vitamins are .
- A.
Micronutrients; macronutrients
- B.
Inorganic elements; organic compounds
- C.
Water-soluble elements; lipid-soluble compunds
- D.
Incomplete nutrients; complete nutrients
- E.
Inessential nutrients; essential nutrients
- 13.Which of the following would you expect to be in a state of negative nitrogen?
- A.
Patients with muscle atrophy
- B.
Growing children
- C.
Weightlifters
- D.
Body builders
- E.
Pregnant women
- 14.Vitamin deficiency is the most common worldwide.
- A.
D(calcitroil)
- B.
C(ascorbic acid)
- C.
E (a- tocopherol)
- D.
A (retinol)
- E.
B6 (pyridoxine)
- 15.is a product of glycolysis
- A.
Pyruvic acid
- B.
Lactic acid
- C.
Acetyl-CoA
- D.
Carbon dioxide
- E.
Glucose
- 16.Oxygen
- A.
Transports electrons to the mitochondrion.
- B.
Is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
- C.
Directly transfers electrons and protons to NAD+ and FAD
- D.
Directly receives electrons and protons from NAD+ and FAD
- E.
Is the only substrate of aerobic respiration.
- 17.The synthese of glucose from amino acids belongs to a metabolic process called
- A.
Gluconeogenesis
- B.
Glycolysis
- C.
Glycogen catabolism
- D.
Glycogenolysis
- E.
Glycogenesis
- 18.is a product of aerobic respiration.
- A.
Lactic acid
- B.
Glucose
- C.
Oxygen
- D.
Carbon dioxide
- E.
Pyruvic acid
- 19.Most body 's fat is stored in
- A.
HDL
- B.
Cholesterol
- C.
Triglycerides
- D.
LDL
- E.
Fatty acids
- 20.Which of the following compounds yields the most ATP per molecule?
- A.
Glycogen
- B.
Lactic acid
- C.
Acetyl-CoA
- D.
Pyruvic acid
- E.
Glucose
- 21.Glycolysis and aerobic respiration collectively produce up to ____________ ATP per glucose, whereas anaerobic fermentation produces _______________.
- A.
38; none
- B.
38; 2
- C.
2; about the same, varying from one tissue to another
- D.
38; about the same, varying from one tissue to another
- E.
38; 36
- 22.Most of the NADH contributing energy to ATP synthesis is produced by
- A.
Anaerobic fermentation.
- B.
Glycolysis.
- C.
The citric acid cycle.
- D.
Electron transfer from FADH2.
- E.
The mitochondrial proton pumps.
- 23.Fatty acids are catabolized by a process called
- A.
Ketogenesis
- B.
Beta oxidation.
- C.
Lipogenesis
- D.
The fat-sparing effect.
- E.
Lipolysis.
- 24.What metabolic process produces ammonia?
- A.
Beta oxidation of α-ketoglutaric acid
- B.
Lipolysis
- C.
Transamination of urea
- D.
Deamination of glutamic acid
- E.
Amination of keto acids
- 25.Oxidation of a typical fatty acid can yield
- A.
129 ATP.
- B.
38 ATP
- C.
2 ATP
- D.
36 ATP
- E.
18 ATP
- 26.Incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces ____________, which might lead to ____________.
- A.
Pyruvic acid; acidosis
- B.
Triglycerides; new triglycerides
- C.
Ketone bodies; acidosis
- D.
Acetyl-CoA; acidosis
- E.
Glycerol; alkalosis
- 27.The first step in using amino acids as fuel is to _____________ them.
- A.
Synthesize
- B.
Aminate
- C.
Transaminate
- D.
Deaminate
- E.
Digest
- 28.The highest rate of tissue protein turnover happens in the
- A.
Hepatic sinusoids.
- B.
Gastric mucosa.
- C.
Splenic sinusoids.
- D.
Intestinal mucosa.
- E.
Pancreatic islets.
- 29.The liver does not
- A.
Convert ammonia to urea.
- B.
Produce insulin and glucagon.
- C.
Carry out most beta oxidation.
- D.
Synthesize cholesterol.
- E.
Synthesize glucose from fats and amino acids.
- 30.The liver performs all of the following functions except
- A.
Secretion of digestive enzymes.
- B.
Glycogenesis.
- C.
Detoxification.
- D.
Phagocytosis.
- E.
Synthesis of plasma proteins
- 31.During the postabsorptive state
- A.
Blood glucose rises
- B.
Lipids are stored in adipose tissue.
- C.
Glycerol is used for gluconeogenesis.
- D.
Protein synthesis is active.
- E.
Glucose is stored by glycogenesis.
- 32.People on weight-loss diets often lose weight quickly at first, but then more slowly. This is for all the following reasons except
- A.
The initial weight loss is mostly fat.
- B.
Water is lost quickly but other weight is harder to lose.
- C.
Will power often weakens as the diet progresses.
- D.
The body lowers its metabolic rate when it loses weight.
- E.
As a diet progresses, the body produces more fat even with the same caloric intake.
- 33.During the absorptive state
- A.
Lipolysis is active.
- B.
Fatty acids are oxidized for fuel.
- C.
Gluconeogenesis is suppressed.
- D.
Lipolysis is active.
- E.
Blood glucose falls.
- 34.He basal metabolic rate should be measured when a person
- A.
Is engaged in normal physical activity but not strenuous exercise.
- B.
Is in the absorptive state.
- C.
Has just eaten a meal of no more than 2000 kcal.
- D.
First rises in the morning.
- E.
Is sleeping.
- 35.___________ is secreted during the postabsorptive state.
- A.
Gastrin
- B.
Insulin
- C.
Growth hormone
- D.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- E.
Secretin
- 36._____________ does not raise total metabolic rate (TMR).
- A.
Starvation
- B.
Anxiety
- C.
Fever
- D.
Eating a big meal
- E.
Pregnancy
- 37.Fats should account for about percent of the daily caloric intake.
- A.
5
- B.
10
- C.
30
- D.
50
- E.
60
- 38.Glycogenesis is stimulated by ____________, and glycogenolysis is stimulated by ____________.
- A.
Insulin; glucagon and epinephrine
- B.
Insulin; aldosterone
- C.
Growth hormone; glucagon and epinephrine
- D.
Growth hormone; cortisol
- E.
Growth hormone; insulin
- 39.Only approximately _____________% of the energy in the glucose molecule winds up in ATP, the rest is lost as body heat.
- A.
10
- B.
20
- C.
40
- D.
80
- E.
90
- 40.During periods of fasting, fat is said to have a protein-sparing effect because the body
- A.
Oxidizes its spare protein before it depletes its fat reserves.
- B.
Metabolizes fats and proteins through the same metabolic pathways.
- C.
Must have an adequate protein intake in order to absorb and metabolize fats.
- D.
Does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first.
- E.
Does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first
- 41.A nude body at a room temperature of 21°C (70°F) loses most of its heat by
- A.
Evaporation
- B.
Conduction
- C.
Convection
- D.
Radiation
- E.
Forced convection
- 42.The loss of body heat by conduction can be enhanced by
- A.
Convection
- B.
Evaporation
- C.
Nonshivering thermogenesis
- D.
Shivering thermogenesis
- E.
Radiation
- 43.The quickest physiological mechanism for achieving moderate heat loss is
- A.
Convection
- B.
Cutaneous vasoconstriction
- C.
Nonshivering thermogensis
- D.
Cutaneous vasodilation
- E.
Diaphoresis
- 44.Shivering warms the body because it increases the rate of
- A.
Radiation.
- B.
Conduction.
- C.
ATP hydrolysis.
- D.
Vasodilation.
- E.
Glycolysis
- 45.
- A.
Extreme electrolyte loss in the sweat.
- B.
Denaturation of proteins in the brain tissue.
- C.
Excessive heat loss from the body.
- D.
A high rate of conduction and convection.
- E.
A high humidity that retards evaporative cooling.
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