Chapter 26
Once again, some questions that will be on the exam. =]
- 1.
Macronutrients include
- A.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, but no water
- B.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water.
- C.
Sodium, potassium,calcium, chloride, and phosphorus
- D.
Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
- E.
Sodium, potassium, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Correct Answer
B. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water. -
- 2.
Most carbohydrates in the body are found in
- A.
Adipose tissue
- B.
Blood
- C.
Pancreas
- D.
Muscular tissue
- E.
Liver
Correct Answer
D. Muscular tissue -
- 3.
Lipid functions include all of the following except
- A.
Forming myelin around nerve fibers
- B.
Forming of the skeletal muscle fibers
- C.
Plasma membrane structure
- D.
Cushioning around soft organs
- E.
Chemical structure of hormones
Correct Answer
B. Forming of the skeletal muscle fibers -
- 4.
constitutes the so-called "bad cholesterol."
- A.
Low-density lipoproteins
- B.
Triglycerides
- C.
High-density lipoproteins
- D.
Chylomicrons
- E.
Very-low-density lipoproteins
Correct Answer
A. Low-density lipoproteins -
- 5.
Which is the healthiest ratio?
- A.
High SFA : low HDL
- B.
High LDL : low HDL
- C.
High HDL : low LDL
- D.
High chylomicron : low LDL
- E.
High LDL : low chylomicron
Correct Answer
C. High HDL : low LDL -
- 6.
Carbohydrates function as structural components of other molecules including all of the following except
- A.
Nucleic acids
- B.
Glycolipids
- C.
Glycoproteins
- D.
Amino acids
- E.
ATP
Correct Answer
D. Amino acids -
- 7.
yield about 4 kcal/g when completely oxidized, whereas yield about 9kcal/g
- A.
Carbohydrates and fats; proteins
- B.
Proteins and carbohydrates; fats
- C.
Fats; carbohydrates and proteins
- D.
Proteins; fats and carbohydrates
- E.
Carbohydrates;fats and proteins
Correct Answer
B. Proteins and carbohydrates; fats -
- 8.
HDL comes from
- A.
The pancreas
- B.
The diet
- C.
The liver
- D.
The small intestines
- E.
The gallbladder
Correct Answer
C. The liver -
- 9.
Most protein in the body is found in
- A.
The muscular system
- B.
The skeletal system
- C.
The lymphatic system
- D.
The integumentary system
- E.
The cardiovascular system
Correct Answer
A. The muscular system -
- 10.
High-quality proteins are those that provide all the essential amino acids
- A.
Incomplete
- B.
Net
- C.
Fibrous
- D.
Complete
- E.
Globular
Correct Answer
D. Complete -
- 11.
Proteins are associated with all these functions except
- A.
Enzymatic reactions
- B.
Serving as cofactors for enzymes
- C.
Transport of blood lipids
- D.
Muscle contraction
- E.
Blood viscosity and osmolarity
Correct Answer
B. Serving as cofactors for enzymes -
- 12.
Minerals are , whereas vitamins are .
- A.
Micronutrients; macronutrients
- B.
Inorganic elements; organic compounds
- C.
Water-soluble elements; lipid-soluble compunds
- D.
Incomplete nutrients; complete nutrients
- E.
Inessential nutrients; essential nutrients
Correct Answer
B. Inorganic elements; organic compounds -
- 13.
Which of the following would you expect to be in a state of negative nitrogen?
- A.
Patients with muscle atrophy
- B.
Growing children
- C.
Weightlifters
- D.
Body builders
- E.
Pregnant women
Correct Answer
A. Patients with muscle atrophy -
- 14.
Vitamin deficiency is the most common worldwide.
- A.
D(calcitroil)
- B.
C(ascorbic acid)
- C.
E (a- tocopherol)
- D.
A (retinol)
- E.
B6 (pyridoxine)
Correct Answer
D. A (retinol) -
- 15.
is a product of glycolysis
- A.
Pyruvic acid
- B.
Lactic acid
- C.
Acetyl-CoA
- D.
Carbon dioxide
- E.
Glucose
Correct Answer
C. Acetyl-CoA -
- 16.
Oxygen
- A.
Transports electrons to the mitochondrion.
- B.
Is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
- C.
Directly transfers electrons and protons to NAD+ and FAD
- D.
Directly receives electrons and protons from NAD+ and FAD
- E.
Is the only substrate of aerobic respiration.
Correct Answer
B. Is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration -
- 17.
The synthese of glucose from amino acids belongs to a metabolic process called
- A.
Gluconeogenesis
- B.
Glycolysis
- C.
Glycogen catabolism
- D.
Glycogenolysis
- E.
Glycogenesis
Correct Answer
A. Gluconeogenesis -
- 18.
is a product of aerobic respiration.
- A.
Lactic acid
- B.
Glucose
- C.
Oxygen
- D.
Carbon dioxide
- E.
Pyruvic acid
Correct Answer
D. Carbon dioxide -
- 19.
Most body 's fat is stored in
- A.
HDL
- B.
Cholesterol
- C.
Triglycerides
- D.
LDL
- E.
Fatty acids
Correct Answer
C. Triglycerides -
- 20.
Which of the following compounds yields the most ATP per molecule?
- A.
Glycogen
- B.
Lactic acid
- C.
Acetyl-CoA
- D.
Pyruvic acid
- E.
Glucose
Correct Answer
A. Glycogen -
- 21.
Glycolysis and aerobic respiration collectively produce up to ____________ ATP per glucose, whereas anaerobic fermentation produces _______________.
- A.
38; none
- B.
38; 2
- C.
2; about the same, varying from one tissue to another
- D.
38; about the same, varying from one tissue to another
- E.
38; 36
Correct Answer
B. 38; 2 -
- 22.
Most of the NADH contributing energy to ATP synthesis is produced by
- A.
Anaerobic fermentation.
- B.
Glycolysis.
- C.
The citric acid cycle.
- D.
Electron transfer from FADH2.
- E.
The mitochondrial proton pumps.
Correct Answer
C. The citric acid cycle. -
- 23.
Fatty acids are catabolized by a process called
- A.
Ketogenesis
- B.
Beta oxidation.
- C.
Lipogenesis
- D.
The fat-sparing effect.
- E.
Lipolysis.
Correct Answer
B. Beta oxidation. -
- 24.
What metabolic process produces ammonia?
- A.
Beta oxidation of α-ketoglutaric acid
- B.
Lipolysis
- C.
Transamination of urea
- D.
Deamination of glutamic acid
- E.
Amination of keto acids
Correct Answer
D. Deamination of glutamic acid -
- 25.
Oxidation of a typical fatty acid can yield
- A.
129 ATP.
- B.
38 ATP
- C.
2 ATP
- D.
36 ATP
- E.
18 ATP
Correct Answer
A. 129 ATP. -
- 26.
Incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces ____________, which might lead to ____________.
- A.
Pyruvic acid; acidosis
- B.
Triglycerides; new triglycerides
- C.
Ketone bodies; acidosis
- D.
Acetyl-CoA; acidosis
- E.
Glycerol; alkalosis
Correct Answer
C. Ketone bodies; acidosis -
- 27.
The first step in using amino acids as fuel is to _____________ them.
- A.
Synthesize
- B.
Aminate
- C.
Transaminate
- D.
Deaminate
- E.
Digest
Correct Answer(s)
B. Aminate
D. Deaminate -
- 28.
The highest rate of tissue protein turnover happens in the
- A.
Hepatic sinusoids.
- B.
Gastric mucosa.
- C.
Splenic sinusoids.
- D.
Intestinal mucosa.
- E.
Pancreatic islets.
Correct Answer
D. Intestinal mucosa. -
- 29.
The liver does not
- A.
Convert ammonia to urea.
- B.
Produce insulin and glucagon.
- C.
Carry out most beta oxidation.
- D.
Synthesize cholesterol.
- E.
Synthesize glucose from fats and amino acids.
Correct Answer
B. Produce insulin and glucagon. -
- 30.
The liver performs all of the following functions except
- A.
Secretion of digestive enzymes.
- B.
Glycogenesis.
- C.
Detoxification.
- D.
Phagocytosis.
- E.
Synthesis of plasma proteins
Correct Answer
A. Secretion of digestive enzymes. -
- 31.
During the postabsorptive state
- A.
Blood glucose rises
- B.
Lipids are stored in adipose tissue.
- C.
Glycerol is used for gluconeogenesis.
- D.
Protein synthesis is active.
- E.
Glucose is stored by glycogenesis.
Correct Answer
C. Glycerol is used for gluconeogenesis. -
- 32.
People on weight-loss diets often lose weight quickly at first, but then more slowly. This is for all the following reasons except
- A.
The initial weight loss is mostly fat.
- B.
Water is lost quickly but other weight is harder to lose.
- C.
Will power often weakens as the diet progresses.
- D.
The body lowers its metabolic rate when it loses weight.
- E.
As a diet progresses, the body produces more fat even with the same caloric intake.
Correct Answer
A. The initial weight loss is mostly fat. -
- 33.
During the absorptive state
- A.
Lipolysis is active.
- B.
Fatty acids are oxidized for fuel.
- C.
Gluconeogenesis is suppressed.
- D.
Lipolysis is active.
- E.
Blood glucose falls.
Correct Answer
C. Gluconeogenesis is suppressed. -
- 34.
He basal metabolic rate should be measured when a person
- A.
Is engaged in normal physical activity but not strenuous exercise.
- B.
Is in the absorptive state.
- C.
Has just eaten a meal of no more than 2000 kcal.
- D.
First rises in the morning.
- E.
Is sleeping.
Correct Answer
D. First rises in the morning. -
- 35.
___________ is secreted during the postabsorptive state.
- A.
Gastrin
- B.
Insulin
- C.
Growth hormone
- D.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- E.
Secretin
Correct Answer
C. Growth hormone -
- 36.
_____________ does not raise total metabolic rate (TMR).
- A.
Starvation
- B.
Anxiety
- C.
Fever
- D.
Eating a big meal
- E.
Pregnancy
Correct Answer
A. Starvation -
- 37.
Fats should account for about percent of the daily caloric intake.
- A.
5
- B.
10
- C.
30
- D.
50
- E.
60
Correct Answer
C. 30 -
- 38.
Glycogenesis is stimulated by ____________, and glycogenolysis is stimulated by ____________.
- A.
Insulin; glucagon and epinephrine
- B.
Insulin; aldosterone
- C.
Growth hormone; glucagon and epinephrine
- D.
Growth hormone; cortisol
- E.
Growth hormone; insulin
Correct Answer
A. Insulin; glucagon and epinephrine -
- 39.
Only approximately _____________% of the energy in the glucose molecule winds up in ATP, the rest is lost as body heat.
- A.
10
- B.
20
- C.
40
- D.
80
- E.
90
Correct Answer
C. 40 -
- 40.
During periods of fasting, fat is said to have a protein-sparing effect because the body
- A.
Oxidizes its spare protein before it depletes its fat reserves.
- B.
Metabolizes fats and proteins through the same metabolic pathways.
- C.
Must have an adequate protein intake in order to absorb and metabolize fats.
- D.
Does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first.
- E.
Does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first
Correct Answer
D. Does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first. -
- 41.
A nude body at a room temperature of 21°C (70°F) loses most of its heat by
- A.
Evaporation
- B.
Conduction
- C.
Convection
- D.
Radiation
- E.
Forced convection
Correct Answer
D. Radiation -
- 42.
The loss of body heat by conduction can be enhanced by
- A.
Convection
- B.
Evaporation
- C.
Nonshivering thermogenesis
- D.
Shivering thermogenesis
- E.
Radiation
Correct Answer
A. Convection -
- 43.
The quickest physiological mechanism for achieving moderate heat loss is
- A.
Convection
- B.
Cutaneous vasoconstriction
- C.
Nonshivering thermogensis
- D.
Cutaneous vasodilation
- E.
Diaphoresis
Correct Answer
D. Cutaneous vasodilation -
- 44.
Shivering warms the body because it increases the rate of
- A.
Radiation.
- B.
Conduction.
- C.
ATP hydrolysis.
- D.
Vasodilation.
- E.
Glycolysis
Correct Answer
C. ATP hydrolysis. -
- 45.
Heat exhaustion results from
- A.
Extreme electrolyte loss in the sweat.
- B.
Denaturation of proteins in the brain tissue.
- C.
Excessive heat loss from the body.
- D.
A high rate of conduction and convection.
- E.
A high humidity that retards evaporative cooling.
Correct Answer
A. Extreme electrolyte loss in the sweat. -
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