Hardest Test On Microbiology! Trivia Quiz
The quiz you see below is considered one of the hardest microbiology quizzes to be made in the history of quizzes and it is not to be tackled by anyone who doubts their ability when it comes to Microbiology. Take it up and see just where you stand when compared to the best of the best in all things microbiology.
- 1.
A mutation from the most prevalent form of a gene to a mutant form is called a __________ mutation.
- A.
Forward
- B.
Reverse
- C.
Wild card
- D.
Escalating
Correct Answer
A. Forward -
- 2.
A mutagen that inserts between the stacked bases of a DNA double helix, distorting the DNA to induce single-pair insertions or deletions is called a(n) __________ agent.
- A.
Insertional
- B.
Interspersing
- C.
Intercalating
- D.
Distortional
Correct Answer
C. Intercalating -
- 3.
Spontaneous mutations are caused by
- A.
Errors in DNA replication
- B.
Insertion of transposons
- C.
Radiation
- D.
Errors in DNA replication and insertion of transposons
- E.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. Errors in DNA replication and insertion of transposons -
- 4.
A __________ mutation does not alter the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.
- A.
Missense
- B.
Nonsense
- C.
Silent
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
C. Silent -
- 5.
As the result of exposure to a mutagen, cytosine is substituted for thymine in one strand of DNA. Upon subsequent DNA replication, one of the daughter cells will have a GC pair in this position instead of an AT pair. This is called a(n) __________ mutation.
- A.
Transversion
- B.
Transition
- C.
Frameshift
- D.
Insertion
Correct Answer
B. Transition -
- 6.
Which of the following can lead to transition mutations?
- A.
Incorporation of a base analog that exhibits different base-pairing properties from the base it replaces
- B.
Chemical modification of an existing base in the DNA so that in the next round of replication it will pair differently from the unmodified base
- C.
Incorporation of a base analog that exhibits different base-pairing properties from the base it replaces and chemical modification of an existing base in the DNA so that in the next round of replication it will pair differently from the unmodified base
- D.
A small insertion or deletion
Correct Answer
C. Incorporation of a base analog that exhibits different base-pairing properties from the base it replaces and chemical modification of an existing base in the DNA so that in the next round of replication it will pair differently from the unmodified base -
- 7.
Which of the following is considered a reverse mutation that will restore the wild type phenotype?
- A.
true reversion back to the wild type base sequence
- B.
Mutation to a different base sequence, but one that restores the amino acid sequence in the protein to the wild type sequence
- C.
A mutation that restores the function of a protein even though it does not restore the base sequence or the amino acid sequence to the wild type
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. All of the choices -
- 8.
Which of the following types of mutation may play an important role in driving evolution because they are often nonlethal and, therefore, remain in the gene pool?
- A.
Nonsense
- B.
Missense
- C.
Frameshift
- D.
Deletion
Correct Answer
B. Missense -
- 9.
A mutation that changes the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein by substitution is called a __________ mutation.
- A.
Missense
- B.
Nonsense
- C.
Silent
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
A. Missense -
- 10.
_______ are strains that are unable to grow on a minimal medium that supports growth of the wild type strain but are able to grow on the minimal medium if one or more nutritional supplements are added.
- A.
Autotrophs
- B.
Auxotrophs
- C.
Portotrophs
- D.
Minitrophs
Correct Answer
B. Auxotrophs -
- 11.
Mutations that result in the death of an organism when expressed are called __________ mutations.
- A.
Dominant
- B.
Recessive
- C.
Lethal
- D.
Conditional
Correct Answer
C. Lethal -
- 12.
Lethal mutations can be maintained in diploid organisms if they are
- A.
Dominant
- B.
Recessive
- C.
Deletions
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
B. Recessive -
- 13.
Lethal mutations can be recovered in haploid organisms if they are
- A.
Dominant
- B.
Active
- C.
Conditional
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
C. Conditional -
- 14.
A __________ mutation is one that causes premature termination of the synthesis of the protein product.
- A.
Missense
- B.
Nonsense
- C.
Silent
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
B. Nonsense -
- 15.
The __________ __________ is the most prevalent form of a gene in a population. (2 words)
Correct Answer
wild type - 16.
__________ are physical or chemical agents that cause mutation.
Correct Answer
Mutagens - 17.
__________ mutations affect only a single base pair in a gene.
Correct Answer
Point - 18.
Mutations resulting from exposure to physical or chemical agents are called __________ mutations.
Correct Answer
induced - 19.
__________ mutations occur in the promoter or operator region of a gene or set of genes and affects the expression of the downstream genes without affecting the amino acid sequences of the gene products.
Correct Answer
Regulatory - 20.
Microbial strains that can grow on minimal medium are called __________.
- A.
Autotrophs
- B.
Auxotrophs
- C.
Prototrophs
- D.
Minitrophs
Correct Answer
C. Prototrophs -
- 21.
Which one of the following contributes to the utility of the strains of Salmonella typhimurium used in the Ames reversion assay?
- A.
They are highly permeable to test substances.
- B.
They are defective in DNA repair and, therefore, cannot readily repair damage done by the test substances.
- C.
It is very straightforward to assay the conversion of their histidine auxotrophy mutations to histidine prototrophy.
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. All of the choices -
- 22.
The Ames test
- A.
Can be used to measure the mutagenicity of chemicals.
- B.
Is used to measure the repair of thymine dimers.
- C.
is used to measure levels of oxygen free radicals.
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
A. Can be used to measure the mutagenicity of chemicals. -
- 23.
In mismatch repair on newly replicated DNA, enzymes distinguish between old and newly replicated DNA strands based on the fact that newly replicated DNA strands are ________ methylated relative to older DNA.
Correct Answer
under
less - 24.
Photoreactivation repairs thymine dimers by splitting them back into separate thymines.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 25.
Approximately half of known animal carcinogens can be detected by the Ames test.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. True -
- 26.
Repair of an apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA by AP endonuclease must be completed by the action of
- A.
UvrABC endonuclease.
- B.
RecA protein.
- C.
DNA polymerase I.
- D.
None of the choices.
Correct Answer
C. DNA polymerase I. -
- 27.
Repair of thymine dimers using light to split the dimers apart into separate monomers is called
- A.
Photodedimerication.
- B.
Photoreactivation
- C.
Photoreparation
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
B. Photoreactivation -
- 28.
Which of the following is the most error-prone of the repair mechanisms?
- A.
postreplication repair
- B.
Recombination repair
- C.
SOS repair
- D.
Photoreactivation
Correct Answer
C. SOS repair -
- 29.
SOS repair
- A.
Requires RecA protein.
- B.
Is inducible by DNA damage.
- C.
is error prone, i.e., produces mutations.
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. All of the choices -
- 30.
__________ __________ is the process by which some cells are capable of degrading an exogenote. (2 words)
Correct Answer
Host restriction - 31.
Alternate forms of genes resulting from mutations are called
- A.
Isoforms
- B.
Alterons
- C.
Alleles
- D.
Lethal
Correct Answer
C. Alleles -
- 32.
Transfer of genes from one mature independent organism to another is called
- A.
Horizontal gene transfer.
- B.
Lateral gene transfer.
- C.
Vertical gene transfer.
- D.
Orthogonal gene transfer.
Correct Answer
A. Horizontal gene transfer. -
- 33.
Which of these transposable elements do not carry genes for functions other than those needed for transposition?
- A.
Insertion sequences
- B.
Composite transposons
- C.
Retrotransposons
- D.
Conjugal transposons
Correct Answer
A. Insertion sequences -
- 34.
Which of the following is a possible fate for an exogenote?
- A.
integration into the host chromosome
- B.
independent replication and functioning
- C.
Degradation to nucleotides
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. All of the choices -
- 35.
Which of the following is true of the integration of a viral genome into the host chromosome?
- A.
It is a form of site-specific recombination.
- B.
The enzymes are specific for the virus and its host.
- C.
Integration begins the process of host chromosome degradation.
- D.
It is a form of site-specific recombination and the enzymes are specific for the virus and its host
Correct Answer
D. It is a form of site-specific recombination and the enzymes are specific for the virus and its host -
- 36.
When bacterial genes are transferred to another bacterium by a virus, it is called
- A.
Conjugation
- B.
Transformation
- C.
Transduction
- D.
Transfection
Correct Answer
C. Transduction -
- 37.
When a recipient cell acquires a piece of naked DNA from the environment, it is called
- A.
Conjugation
- B.
Transformation
- C.
Transduction
- D.
Transfection
Correct Answer
B. Transformation -
- 38.
The process in which one or more nucleic acid molecules are rearranged or combined to produce a new nucleotide sequence is called
- A.
Transformation
- B.
Conjugation
- C.
Recombination
- D.
Transduction
Correct Answer
C. Recombination -
- 39.
A reciprocal exchange in which a pair of DNA with the same nucleotide sequence break and rejoin in a crossover is called __________ recombination.
- A.
Homologous
- B.
Site-specific
- C.
Replicative
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
A. Homologous -
- 40.
Site-specific recombination systems
- A.
Do not depend on extensive nucleotide sequence homology.
- B.
Depend on enzymes that are often specific for sequences within the host.
- C.
are features of some viruses.
- D.
All of the the choices are true
Correct Answer
D. All of the the choices are true -
- 41.
The incorporation of a single strand of donor DNA into a recipient DNA duplex so that the donor strand replaces one of the strands or the recipient duplex generates __________ DNA.
- A.
Aberrant
- B.
Unstable
- C.
Heterogeneous
- D.
Heteroduplex
Correct Answer
D. Heteroduplex -
- 42.
DNA molecules that enter a bacterium by one of several mechanisms is called a(n)
- A.
Merozygote
- B.
Exogenote
- C.
Endogenote
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
B. Exogenote -
- 43.
The genome of a recipient cell is called a(n) __________.
- A.
Merozygote
- B.
Exogenote
- C.
Endogenote
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
C. Endogenote -
- 44.
A recipient cell that is temporarily diploid for a portion of the genome during the replacement process is called a(n) __________.
- A.
Merozygote
- B.
Exogenote
- C.
Endogenote
- D.
None of the choices
Correct Answer
A. Merozygote -
- 45.
Plasmids that have genes that decrease bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics are called __________ factors.
- A.
Col
- B.
Resistance
- C.
Virulence
- D.
Metabolic
Correct Answer
B. Resistance -
- 46.
Which of the following effects may be mediated by transposable elements?
- A.
Insertion into a gene, causing a mutation.
- B.
Activation of nearby genes.
- C.
Formation of genetic deletions.
- D.
All of the choices.
Correct Answer
D. All of the choices. -
- 47.
Conjugative transposons
- A.
can be transferred from one bacterium to another by a phage mediated process
- B.
May be involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
- C.
Often express enzymes that degrade aromatic compounds
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
B. May be involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria -
- 48.
Insertion sequences are
- A.
normally relatively short (700 to 1,650 bp).
- B.
capable of transposition.
- C.
Are discrete genetic elements bounded at both ends with inverted repeats.
- D.
All of the choices
Correct Answer
D. All of the choices -
- 49.
Transposons that transpose by inserting a copy at a new location while a copy remains at the original location are said to transpose by _______________ transposition.
- A.
Simple
- B.
Composite
- C.
Incomplete
- D.
Replicative
Correct Answer
D. Replicative -
- 50.
Transposable elements have been found only in prokaryotes and do not appear to play a major role in eukaryotes.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. False -
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Mar 20, 2022Quiz Edited by
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Jun 15, 2012Quiz Created by
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