Ch 5 Research Part 1 Quiz

Defective data refers to data that is inaccurate, incomplete, or unreliable. If the researcher's conclusions are based on such defective data, it can lead to incorrect or invalid conclusions. This is because the conclusions drawn from faulty data may not accurately represent the true nature of the phenomenon being studied. Therefore, it is important to ensure the quality and accuracy of data to maintain the validity of the researcher's conclusions.

Before collecting data, it is important to establish standards or criteria for determining the admissibility of the data. These standards help ensure that the data collected is reliable, valid, and relevant for the intended purpose. By setting these standards in advance, researchers can avoid bias, errors, or inconsistencies in the data collection process. This ultimately enhances the quality and trustworthiness of the data collected.

Content validity is the type of validity that is violated when a classroom test doesn't reflect the material that was taught. Content validity refers to the extent to which a test measures the specific content it is intended to measure. In this case, if the test does not accurately assess the material that was taught in the classroom, it lacks content validity. This means that the test is not an accurate measure of the knowledge and understanding of the students, as it does not align with the content that was covered in the classroom.

This scenario demonstrates replication, which refers to the process of repeating a study or experiment to see if the same results can be obtained. In this case, Jayden chooses to redo the study from start to finish in order to ensure that his results are consistent with Lupe's. By comparing their results and finding them to be comparable, Jayden confirms the reliability and validity of the study, thus exemplifying replication.

This statement is not true. Not all data that comes to the researcher's attention is useful. Researchers often have to filter and analyze data to determine its relevance and usefulness for their study. Some data may be irrelevant, inaccurate, or biased, and therefore not useful for the research. Researchers need to critically evaluate the data they receive and only use the data that is reliable, valid, and directly related to their research objectives.

Stereotype threat refers to the phenomenon where individuals feel pressure to conform to negative stereotypes about their social group, which can negatively impact their performance. In this case, the behavior of girls confirming the stereotype that they are not good at math can be attributed to stereotype threat. The fear of confirming the stereotype can create anxiety and self-doubt, leading to underperformance in math. Stereotype threat can have a significant influence on individuals' behavior and can perpetuate stereotypes if not addressed.

Internal consistency refers to the extent to which all the items within a single instrument yield similar results. In other words, it measures the reliability of the instrument by assessing the degree of agreement or consistency among the items. If the items in the instrument consistently measure the same construct or concept, then the instrument is considered to have high internal consistency. This means that the items are interrelated and provide a reliable measure of the intended variable.

Face validity refers to the extent to which a test or measurement appears to measure what it is intended to measure. In other words, it is the degree to which a test seems to be a valid measure based on its face value or appearance. If a test has high face validity, it means that it appears to be measuring what it claims to measure. This type of validity is subjective and does not provide strong evidence of the actual validity of the test, but it can be useful in gaining initial acceptance and credibility for the test.

Standardization refers to the process of administering an instrument in a consistent and uniform manner. It involves following a set of standardized procedures, instructions, and guidelines to ensure that the instrument is administered in the same way to all participants. By doing so, standardization helps to minimize potential sources of error and variability, thus increasing the reliability and validity of the instrument. Therefore, administering an instrument in a consistent fashion is an example of standardization.

The Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior or performance simply because they are aware that they are being observed in a study. This effect can lead to an artificial improvement in performance or behavior, as participants may strive to meet the expectations of the researchers or display their best behavior. The awareness of being studied and the nature of the study can influence participants to change their behavior, leading to the Hawthorne effect.

Construct refers to a concept or characteristic that cannot be directly observed but is inferred from observable behaviors or measurements. In this context, the statement suggests that the given answer is valid because it aligns with the idea that constructs are not directly observable but are measured indirectly.

Equivalent forms reliability refers to the consistency of results obtained from two different versions of a test that are designed to measure the same construct. In this scenario, if the teacher creates two different forms of the test and the results obtained from both forms are similar, it indicates that the test has equivalent forms reliability. This means that both versions of the test are equally effective in measuring the same construct, providing consistent and reliable results.

Interrater reliability refers to the consistency between two or more graders in reaching similar results. It measures the extent to which different individuals, who are assessing the same thing, come to the same conclusions or judgments. In other words, it assesses the agreement between raters or observers in their evaluations. Therefore, the given correct answer aligns with the definition of interrater reliability.

The question asks for the names of the other two greatest Greek writers of tragedy besides Sophocles. The correct answer is "content". However, the question does not provide any information or context to suggest that "content" is the correct answer. Therefore, the explanation for the correct answer is not available.

Universality refers to the ability of research findings to be applicable to a wide range of individuals or situations. In this scenario, Lupe is able to step in and complete Jayden's research project, indicating that the research plan has been designed in a way that can be replicated and applied by someone else. Lupe's ability to continue the project demonstrates the universality of the research plan.