CDC Z3D153 Vol 3 UREs

We use the beacon signal originating from the satellite to acquire and track the satellite. The beacon signal is a continuous wave signal that is transmitted by the satellite and can be received by ground stations. It is used for various purposes, including determining the satellite's position and tracking its movement. By acquiring and tracking the beacon signal, we can establish communication with the satellite and gather important data about its status and location.

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is based on a 24-hour clock system. This means that time is divided into 24 equal hours, starting from midnight (00:00) and ending at the next midnight (24:00). This system is used worldwide to standardize timekeeping and ensure consistency across different time zones. It allows for easier coordination and synchronization of events, schedules, and communication between different regions of the world.

Active and passive are the two types of communication satellites. Active satellites are equipped with transponders that receive signals from the ground, amplify them, and then retransmit them back to Earth. These satellites actively participate in the communication process. On the other hand, passive satellites do not amplify or modify the signals they receive. They simply reflect or bounce the signals back to Earth. Therefore, active and passive are the correct types of communication satellites.

A quartz oscillator's frequency can drift due to temperature and aging. Temperature changes can affect the stability of the quartz crystal, causing its frequency to shift. Aging refers to the gradual change in the characteristics of the crystal over time, which can also lead to frequency drift. Humidity and operating frequency may have some impact on the oscillator's performance, but they are not the primary factors causing frequency drift.

The demodulator module is responsible for extracting the intelligence from the intermediate frequency. It converts the modulated signal back into its original form by removing the carrier signal and extracting the information embedded in it. This process allows the receiver to retrieve the original data or message that was transmitted.

Passive satellites reflect signals transmitted towards them. Unlike active satellites which generate and transmit their own signals, passive satellites simply reflect or bounce back the signals they receive. This allows them to serve as communication relays or to gather information without actively participating in the transmission process.

Demand assigned multiple access (DAMA) is the satellite access technique being used when all channels are pooled and used by any station according to its instantaneous traffic load. This means that instead of allocating a fixed number of channels to each station, DAMA allows stations to dynamically access and use channels based on their current traffic demands. This ensures efficient utilization of satellite resources and allows for flexibility in accommodating varying traffic loads.

Conflicts regarding Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) ground mobile forces (GMF) satellite resources that cannot be settled by the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) and the regional satellite communications support center (RSSC) are resolved by the Joint Staff. The Joint Staff is responsible for providing military advice and support to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the combatant commanders. They oversee the coordination and integration of military operations, including the allocation and management of resources such as satellite communications. Therefore, it is logical that conflicts regarding DSCS GMF satellite resources would be resolved by the Joint Staff.

The correct answer is Spot beam. A spot beam antenna provides high gain and selective coverage of any ground station visible within its own footprint on the Earth's surface. This means that it can focus its signal on a specific area or target, providing enhanced communication capabilities for military strategic and tactical purposes. Spot beam antennas are often used in satellite communications systems to ensure reliable and efficient transmission of data.

The correct answer is Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA). DISA is responsible for issuing telecommunications service orders. The Department of Defense (DOD) is a possible choice, but it is not specifically mentioned as the issuer of service orders. The user's technical control facility is responsible for managing and controlling the user's telecommunications systems, but not for issuing service orders. The National Communications System (NCS) is responsible for coordinating and planning national security and emergency preparedness communications, but not for issuing service orders. Therefore, DISA is the most appropriate answer.

The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) is responsible for coordinating universal time (UTC). BIPM is an international organization that ensures the uniformity of measurements and timekeeping worldwide. They maintain the International Atomic Time (TAI) and coordinate with various national timekeeping laboratories to distribute Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) signals. The United States Naval Observatory (USNO), Precision Measurement Equipment Laboratory (PMEL), and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are also involved in timekeeping and standards, but the BIPM is the agency responsible for coordinating UTC.

XTAR is the correct answer because it is a satellite company that is specifically designed to interface with all current X-band terminals. X-band is a frequency range used for satellite communication, and XTAR specializes in providing satellite services and solutions for government and commercial customers using this frequency band. They have a network of satellites positioned strategically to provide global coverage and ensure seamless connectivity with X-band terminals.

The inclination angle of a polar orbit is 90o. A polar orbit is one in which a satellite passes over or near the polar regions of the Earth on each orbit. In this type of orbit, the satellite's path is inclined at 90o to the equator, allowing it to pass over the North and South poles. This allows for global coverage and is commonly used for Earth observation and mapping satellites.

Organizations can maintain accurate time-of-day clocks by referencing a standard time interval of one second. A second is a consistent and precise unit of time that can be easily measured and synchronized across different clocks. By using the second as a reference, organizations can ensure that their clocks are synchronized and accurate, which is important for various purposes such as scheduling, coordination, and data recording.

The low noise amplifier is the first step in the receive signal path because it amplifies the weak incoming signal from the antenna to a level that can be processed by the subsequent stages of the receiver. This is necessary to overcome the noise introduced by the receiver itself and any losses in the transmission line. By amplifying the signal at the very beginning, the low noise amplifier helps improve the overall signal-to-noise ratio and ensures that the subsequent stages can accurately process the signal.

The payload segment is not one of the three distinct elements that work together to make satellite communication (SATCOM) possible. The three elements that make SATCOM possible are the space segment, control segment, and terminal segment. The space segment consists of the satellites in space that transmit and receive signals. The control segment includes the ground-based control stations that monitor and control the satellites. The terminal segment includes the devices used by end-users to send and receive signals to and from the satellites. The payload segment refers to the part of the satellite that carries the actual data or information being transmitted.

Satellite access authorization is a method provided by SATCOM planners. This method involves granting permission and authorization for satellite access to specific users or organizations. It ensures that only authorized users can access and utilize the satellite resources. This process helps in managing and controlling the satellite communication network effectively and securely.

The tropo/satellite support radio frequency range is 14.4 to 15.25 GHz. This range is specifically allocated for tropospheric scatter and satellite communications. Tropospheric scatter communication involves the scattering of radio waves off the Earth's troposphere to establish long-range communication links. Satellite communications, on the other hand, utilize satellites in space to transmit and receive signals over this frequency range.

The major axis is the term that describes the longest distance across an elliptical orbit. In an ellipse, the major axis is the line that passes through the center of the ellipse and is the longest distance between any two points on the ellipse. This axis is important in determining the size and shape of the orbit. The minor axis, on the other hand, is the shortest distance across the ellipse. Apogee and perigee refer to the points in an orbit where an object is farthest and closest to the body it is orbiting, respectively, and are not directly related to the longest distance across the orbit.

Atoms release energy at a particular resonant frequency. This is the basis for the operation of an atomic clock. Atomic clocks use the vibrations of atoms to measure time. When an atom is excited, it releases energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. This energy is released at a specific frequency, which is unique to each type of atom. By measuring this resonant frequency, atomic clocks can accurately measure time.

The up converter module is used to produce the final transmit frequency in a SATCOM system. This module takes the baseband signal and converts it to a higher frequency suitable for transmission. It increases the frequency of the signal to the desired transmit frequency, which is then sent to the antenna for transmission. The up converter plays a crucial role in the system by ensuring that the signal is at the correct frequency for effective communication.

The SATCOM control segment is responsible for managing and controlling the satellite communication system. It includes various functions such as spacecraft control, network control, and payload control. However, ground control is not a function of the SATCOM control segment. Ground control refers to the operations and management of the ground-based equipment and facilities used to communicate with the satellite, but it is not directly involved in controlling the satellite communication system itself.

The Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN) command and control nodes are the Environmental Satellite Operations Center at Schriever AFB, CO and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Satellite Operations Control Center at Suitland, MD. These two centers are responsible for monitoring and controlling the Air Force's satellite operations and ensuring the proper functioning of the satellites. They play a crucial role in collecting and analyzing data from the satellites and coordinating with other agencies for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring purposes.

The highest priority mission of the Defense Support Program (DSP) is the North American warning. This means that the DSP is primarily focused on providing early warning and detection of any potential threats or attacks directed towards North America. This mission is crucial for ensuring the safety and security of the continent and its inhabitants.

The correct answer is London, England. INMARSAT is a British satellite telecommunications company, and its headquarters are located in London.

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a time scale that provides a universally agreed standard time across different regions. It is based on atomic time, which is highly stable and accurate. UTC also takes into account the Earth's motion around the sun, ensuring synchronous operation. This makes UTC a reliable and dependable time scale that can be used globally.

To determine the number of hours coordinated universal time (UTC) differs from your local time, you must determine the number of time zones between your location and the location of zero. A meridian is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and is used as a reference point for measuring longitude. Each meridian represents a different time zone, so by counting the number of meridians between your location and the zero meridian (which passes through Greenwich, London), you can determine the time difference between UTC and your local time.

Wavelength division multiplexing assigns each incoming optical signal a specific frequency of light. This allows multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a single optical fiber by assigning different wavelengths to each signal. By using different frequencies of light, the signals can be separated and demultiplexed at the receiving end.

The MARK IVB antennas can be located up to 1500 feet away from the processing area.

The correct answer is to ensure the user agency is prepared to pay for the service. This function of the Telecommunications certification office involves verifying that the user agency has the necessary funds or budget allocated to cover the cost of the requested telecommunications service. This step is important to ensure that the user agency can fulfill its financial obligations before the service is provided.

Forward error correction is a technique that relies on the transmitter to send multiple copies of the same message to the distant end using a predetermined algorithm. This algorithm allows the receiver to detect and correct errors in the received data by comparing the multiple copies of the message. By sending redundant information, forward error correction improves the reliability and accuracy of the communication system, ensuring that the message is received correctly even if there are errors in the transmission.

Astronomical time is based on the apparent motion of the sun in the sky. This is because the sun's position in the sky changes throughout the day, allowing us to measure time based on its movement. This is different from atomic clock oscillations, which are used for precise and accurate timekeeping but not for astronomical time. Similarly, the moon's rotation about the Earth and the apparent constellation movement are not used as the basis for astronomical time.

Handheld satellite phone communications are not normally provided through commercial wideband services. While commercial wideband services may offer various types of communication services such as deployable video teleconferencing, very small aperture terminal networks, and international high-speed internet connectivity, they typically do not include handheld satellite phone communications.

Solid state power amplifiers use semiconductor transistors designed for microwave and higher frequency RF operation. These transistors are capable of providing high power output at these frequencies, making them suitable for applications in microwave communication systems, radar systems, and satellite communication. Solid state power amplifiers offer advantages such as compact size, high efficiency, and reliability compared to other types of power amplifiers like klystrons and traveling wave tube amplifiers. Therefore, solid state is the correct answer for the given question.

When the same frequency radiates simultaneously in two different planes, it is referred to as polarization diversity. Polarization diversity is a technique used in wireless communication systems to improve signal quality and reduce the effects of interference. By transmitting the same signal in two different polarizations, the system can mitigate the impact of fading and multipath propagation, resulting in a more reliable and robust communication link.

Iridium is not included in INMARSAT mobile satellite services (MSS).

Multiplexing refers to the process of combining multiple information channels onto a common transmission medium. This allows for efficient use of the available bandwidth by transmitting multiple signals simultaneously. It is a technique commonly used in telecommunications and computer networks to increase the capacity and efficiency of data transmission.

Iridium is the correct answer because it is the only commercial satellite communication system that can offer true pole-to-pole global coverage. Unlike other systems, Iridium uses a constellation of 66 satellites in low Earth orbit, allowing it to provide coverage even in the most remote and polar regions of the world. This makes it an ideal choice for industries such as maritime, aviation, and remote exploration where reliable global communication is essential.

The satellite readout station equipment group consists of three types of equipment: radio frequency set, transmit/receive set, and digital equipment set. These three sets of equipment are necessary for the satellite readout station to function properly. The radio frequency set is responsible for receiving and transmitting signals in the appropriate frequency range. The transmit/receive set allows for the transmission and reception of data between the satellite and the station. The digital equipment set is used for processing and storing the received data. Therefore, the correct answer is radio frequency set, transmit/receive set, and digital equipment set.

Each UHF follow-on has a total of 39 ultrahigh frequency (UHF) channels available.

Ku-band service for commercial satellite services is not worldwide and is primarily located over land masses and highly populated areas. This means that the coverage of Ku-band service is limited and focuses on areas where there is a higher demand for satellite services, such as urban areas and densely populated regions. It is not designed to cover remote or sparsely populated areas, or areas primarily consisting of ocean regions.

Crosslinking refers to the capability of a satellite to communicate directly with other satellites in its network, bypassing the need for ground-based stations. This is different from previous military satellite communications and commercial satellite communications systems, which rely on ground-based stations to relay messages between satellites. Crosslinking allows for more efficient and secure communication between satellites, enhancing the military strategic and tactical relay (MILSTAR) capability.

The MILSTAR satellite sends downlink communications transmissions at Ultrahigh frequency (UHF) and super-high frequency (SHF). This means that it is capable of transmitting signals at both UHF and SHF frequencies. UHF frequencies are typically used for long-range communications and are able to penetrate obstacles such as buildings and foliage. SHF frequencies, on the other hand, are used for shorter-range communications and are less affected by atmospheric interference. By utilizing both UHF and SHF frequencies, the MILSTAR satellite can ensure reliable and efficient communication in a variety of situations and environments.

The element of the MILSTAR mission that allocates communication resources is "Planning." Planning involves the process of determining the communication needs and requirements of the mission, and then allocating the necessary resources to meet those needs. This includes identifying the appropriate communication channels, frequencies, and bandwidths, as well as coordinating with other elements of the mission to ensure efficient and effective communication. By having a well-planned allocation of communication resources, the MILSTAR mission can ensure reliable and secure communication throughout its operations.

When establishing a communication link with a satellite, the first step is to predict the orbit of the satellite. This allows the ground station to know where the satellite will be at any given time. The next step is to point the antenna towards the predicted location of the satellite. Once the antenna is pointed correctly, the ground station can acquire the satellite's signal. Finally, the ground station can track the satellite's movement and make any necessary adjustments to maintain the communication link.

The number of Global Positioning System (GPS) orbital planes is 6. The GPS is a satellite navigation system that uses a constellation of satellites to provide location and time information. These satellites are arranged in six orbital planes, with each plane containing multiple satellites. This configuration ensures that there are always enough satellites in view from any point on Earth for accurate positioning.

The Ultrahigh frequency (UHF) follow-on satellite system provides Global Broadcast Services (GBS).

The programmed track method does not require any input from a satellite. This method involves pre-programming the desired track into a system, which then follows the programmed path without the need for satellite assistance. This can be useful in situations where satellite signals may be unavailable or unreliable.

Polarization diversity requires two antennas, two receivers, and two transmitters. Polarization refers to the orientation of the electromagnetic waves in a signal. By using two antennas with different polarizations, the system can receive and transmit signals more effectively, especially in situations where the signal may be affected by interference or obstacles. This allows for improved signal quality and reliability.

The correct answer is "Time". Time division multiplexing (TDM) is a multiplexing division technique that samples each low-speed channel in sequence, interleaves the bits or characters, and then transmits them at high speed. TDM is commonly used in telecommunications to allow multiple signals to share a single transmission medium.